Physics: Physikḗ (Epistḗmē)

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8/23/2020 Physics - Wikipedia

Physics

Physics (from Ancient Greek: φυσική (ἐπιστήμη),


romanized: physikḗ (epistḗmē), lit. 'knowledge of nature',
from φύσις phýsis 'nature')[1][2][3] is the natural science
that studies matter,[a] its motion and behavior through
space and time, and the related entities of energy and
force.[5] Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific
disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the
universe behaves.[b][6][7][8]

Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and,


through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest.[9]
Over much of the past two millennia, physics, chemistry,
biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part Various examples of physical phenomena
of natural philosophy, but during the Scientific
Revolution in the 17th century these natural sciences
emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right.[c] Physics intersects with many
interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of
physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied
by other sciences[6] and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics
and philosophy.

Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the
understanding of electromagnetism, solid-state physics, and nuclear physics led directly to the
development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as
television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons;[6] advances in thermodynamics led to
the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.

Contents
History
Ancient astronomy
Natural philosophy
Physics in the medieval European and Islamic world
Classical physics
Modern physics
Philosophy
Core theories
Classical physics
Modern physics
Difference between classical and modern physics

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