Viva EM Lab

How is voltage generated in rotating machines?
In rotating machines voltage is generated in windings or group of coils by rotating

them through a magnetic field
what is the function of a commutator in a DC generator?

(i) Converts alternating emf into unidirectional emf and vice versa
What are the conditions to be fulfilled for a dc shunt generator to build up emf?
 The generator should have residual flux
What are the types of starters?

1. Two point starters
2. Three point starters
3. Four point starters
What is the basic principle of a dc generator?

Basic principle of a dc generator is Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
i.e. whenever a conductor is moved in a magnetic field, dynamically induced emf is
produced in that conductor.
Name the different types of DC motors.

Shunt motor, Series motor, cumulative compound motor, differential compound
Motor.
Why a starter is necessary for a DC motor?
Starters are used in DC motors to limit the starting current within about 2 to 3 times the
rated current
Why a dc shunt motor is also called a constant flux motor or constant speed motor?
In shunt motor, flux produced by field winding is directly proportional to the
field current i.e. (Φ α Ish). Here, the input voltage is constant and so the flux is also
constant. Therefore, DC shunt motor is also called a constant flux motor or constant
speed motor.
What is the application of a DC shunt motor?

Lathe Machines, Centrifugal Pumps, Fans, Blowers &Conveyors,
how can the direction of rotation of a dc shunt motor be reversed
The direction of a DC shunt motor can be reversed by changing the polarity of

the armature coil or the field coil. We can reverse the direction by
simplyreversing the armature leads
Why series motor cannot be started without any load?
In dc series motor, flux is directly proportional to armature current. i.e. (Φ α I a).
Under no load condition, the armature current is very low and flux also be less. By using
the formula
N α (1/ Φ), here Φ is less; the motor speed will be very high
Name any four applications of DC series motors.

* Electric traction
* Food mixies
* Hoist work
* Drilling machine
Why a DC series motor has a high starting torque?

For any dc motor,torque is directly proportional to the flux and armature current. ...
Hence torque is directly proportional to the square of armature current. So as current
during starting is 1.5 times the rated so starting torque is higher for series motor.
Define armature reaction in dc machines?

The interaction between the main flux and armature flux cause disturbance called as
armature reaction.
What is the function of starters in DC motor?

 To limit the starting current.
 To protect against low voltage and over load condition.
What is the principle of motor?

When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field it experiences a force
tending to move it.
What are different methods of speed control in D.C shunt motor?
1. Armature control
2. Flux or field control
3. Applied voltage control
What are the losses in dc motor?
1. Copper losses
2. Iron losses
3. Mechanical losses
What is the function of a transformer?
Transformers are energy converting devices, converting AC electrical energy
with one level of voltage and current, to AC electrical energy with another level of
voltage and current
What is the purpose of laminating the core in transformers?

To reduce eddy current loss.
Give the emf equation of a transformer and define each term

Emf induced in primary coil E1 = 4.44 fFmN1 volt
Emf induced in secondary coil E2 = 4.44fF mN2 volt
Where,
f is the frequency of AC input
Fm is the maximum value of flux in the core
N1, N2 are the number of primary and secondary turns.
What are the applications of transformer?
It step up the level of voltage at generation side before transmission and distribution.
The Current Transformer and Potential Transformer also used power system and in the
industry.
What is the use of load test on transformer?
To determine the percentage regulation & efficiency of a given transformer by carrying out a load
test.
Does the transformer draw any current when secondary is open? Why?
Yes, it (primary) will draw the current from the main supply in order to
magnetize the core and to supply iron and copper losses on no load. There will not be
any current in the secondary since secondary is open.
Define voltage regulation of a transformer

The change in secondary terminal voltage from no load to full load expressed as
a percentage of no load or full load voltage is termed as regulation.
% regulation = (0V2-V2) x 100/0V2
Why transformers are rated in kVA ?

Copper loss of a transformer depends on current and iron loss on voltage. Hence
total losses depend on Volt- Ampere and not on the power factor. That is why the rating
of transformers is in KVA and not in KW.
What is the purpose of conducting open circuit and short circuit tests in
transformers?
Open circuit Test :
i) To find out the Iron loss of the transformer
Short circuit Test :
i) To find out the copper loss of the transformer
By using these two tests we can find out the efficiency and regulation of the transformer.
What is the advantage of no-load test in a transformer?
it is seen that open circuit test gives core losses of transformer and shunt parameters
of the equivalent circuit.

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How is voltage generated in rotating machines?

In rotating machines voltage is generated in windings or group of coils by rotating

what is the function of a commutator in a DC generator?

What are the types of starters?

What is the basic principle of a dc generator?

Name the different types of DC motors.

Why a starter is necessary for a DC motor?

What is the application of a DC shunt motor?

how can the direction of rotation of a dc shunt motor be reversed

The direction of a DC shunt motor can be reversed by changing the polarity of

Name any four applications of DC series motors.

Why a DC series motor has a high starting torque?

Define armature reaction in dc machines?

What is the function of starters in DC motor?

What is the principle of motor?

What is the purpose of laminating the core in transformers?

Give the emf equation of a transformer and define each term

What are the applications of transformer?

What is the use of load test on transformer?

Define voltage regulation of a transformer

Why transformers are rated in kVA ?

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