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Assignment 2 PSM

This document contains 3 examples that calculate costs related to steam and hydro power stations. The first example calculates the average cost of energy generated from a steam power station operating at 50 MW and a hydro station generating 60 million units annually at 20 MW. The total annual cost is Rs. 27.4422 million, resulting in an average cost per kWh of 13.9 paise. The second example calculates that improving the load factor of a 100 MW steam station from 40% to 60% would increase the annual generation cost by 5% but decrease the average cost per kWh from 12 paise to 8.4 paise. The third example determines the optimal installed capacities and operating hours for two power

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315 views

Assignment 2 PSM

This document contains 3 examples that calculate costs related to steam and hydro power stations. The first example calculates the average cost of energy generated from a steam power station operating at 50 MW and a hydro station generating 60 million units annually at 20 MW. The total annual cost is Rs. 27.4422 million, resulting in an average cost per kWh of 13.9 paise. The second example calculates that improving the load factor of a 100 MW steam station from 40% to 60% would increase the annual generation cost by 5% but decrease the average cost per kWh from 12 paise to 8.4 paise. The third example determines the optimal installed capacities and operating hours for two power

Uploaded by

razu1234
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Roll: 1610179118

Example. 1. A load having a peak value of 50 MW and 45% load factor is to be supplied by a
steam power station in conjunction with a hydro-power station, the latter supplying 60 million
units of energy per annum with a maximum output of 20 MW.

Capital cost Steam : Rs 2000 per kW installed

Hydro : Rs 3000 per kW installed

Cost of fuel Coal Rs 150 per metric ton ; consumption being 0·5

kg per unit generated

Maintenance charges Steam : 0·7 paise per unit

Hydro : 0·5 paise per unit

Interest and depreciation Steam : 10% per annum

Hydro : 9% per annum

Calculate the average cost of energy.

Solution:

Units generated/annum = Max. demand × L.F. × Hours in a year

= ( 50× 103) × .45 × 8760 = 197.1×106 kWh

Unit supplied by Hydro Power Station= 60 × 106 kWh (As 1 kWh= 1 unit)

Unit supplied by Steam power Station = (197.1×106) - (60 × 106) = 137.1× 106 kWh

Since the maximum output of hydro station is 20 MW, the balance 50 − 20 = 30 MW shall be

supplied by steam station.

150×.5×197.1 ×10 6
Cost of fuel= =Rs 14.7825 × 106
1000

(a) Steam Station

Capital Cost = Rs 30× 103 × 2000 = Rs 60 × 106

Annual interest and depreciation = Rs 0·1 × 60 × 106 = Rs 6 × 106

Operating Cost = Rs 0·007 × 137.1 × 106 = Rs 0.9597 × 106

∴ Total annual cost = Rs ( 6+ 0.9597) × 106 = Rs 6.9597 × 106


(b) Hydro station

Capital Cost = Rs 20× 103 × 3000 =Rs 60 × 106

Annual interest and depreciation = Rs 0·09 × 60 × 106 = Rs 5.4 × 106

Operating cost = Rs 0·005 × 60 × 106 = Rs 0.3 × 106

Total annual cost = Rs (5.4+ 0·3) × 106 = Rs 5·7 × 106

Total annual charges for both steam and hydro stations

= Rs ( 6.9597 + 5·7+14.7825 ) × 106

= Rs 27.4422 × 106

6
27.4422 ×10
∴ Overall cost/ kWh = Rs 6
= 13.9 paise (Ans.)
197.1 ×10

Example. 2. The energy cost of a 100 MW steam station working at 40% load factor comes out
to be 12 paise/kWh of energy generated. What will be the cost of energy generated if the load
factor is improved to 60%? The fuel cost of the power station due to increased generation
increase the annual generation cost by 5%.

Solution:

Total annual cost


We know, overall cost per unit =
unit generated per annum

For 40% load factor,

Units generated/annum = Max. demand × L.F. × Hours in a year

= 100 × 106 × 0.4 × 8760 =350.4 × 106 kWh

Thus, Total annual cost = Overall cost per unit × Unit generated per annum

= 12 paise × 350.4 × 106 = 42.048× 106 Taka

For 60% load factor,

Units generated/annum = Max. demand × L.F. × Hours in a year

= 100 × 106 × 0.6 × 8760 =525.6 × 106 kWh

Let , annual generation cost for 40% load factor is , x

Then, increased generation cost= x+ .05x =1.05 x = 1.05 × 42.048× 10 6 =44.1504× 106 Taka
44.1504×106
Overall cost per unit = = 8.4 paise (Ans.)
525.6×10 6

Example. 3. The load duration curve of a system for the whole year of 8760 hours is as shown in
Fig. The system is supplied by two stations A and B having the following annual costs:
Station A = Rs (75,000 + 80 kW + 0·02 kWh)
Station B = Rs (50,000 + 50 kW + 0·03 kWh)
Determine the installed capacity required for each station and for how many hours per year peak
load station should be operated to give the minimum cost per unit generated.

Solution:
Let x = Installed capacity of station B in kW
y = Hours of operation of station B
∴ Installed capacity of station A = (50,000 − x) kW
1 1 8760×x 2
Units generated/ annum by station B = xy= × =0 ·0876 x
2 2 50,000

1 2
Unit generated/ annum by station A = ×50000×8760−0 ·0876 x
2

= 219 × 106 − 0·0876 x2


Annual cost of station B, CB = Rs (50,000 + 50 x + 0·03 × 0·0876 x2)
= Rs (50,000 + 50 x + 0·00262 x2)

Annual cost of station A, CA = Rs (75,000 + 80 (50,000 − x) + 0·02 (219 × 106 − 0·0876 x2)

= Rs (8·455 × 106 − 80 x − 0·00175 x2)

∴ Total annual operating cost of stations A and B

C = CA + CB
= Rs (50,000 + 50 x + 0·00262 x2) + (8·455 × 106 − 80 x − 0·00175 x2)
= Rs (85,05,000 − 30 x + 0·00087 x2)

dC
For minimum annual operating cost, =0
dx
dC
∴ = 0 − 30 + 2 × 0·00087 x
dx
or 0 = −30 + 0·00174 x
30
or x= =17,241 kW
0.00174

∴ Capacity of station B = 17,241 kW


Capacity of station A = 50,000 − 17,241 kW
= 32,758 kW
No. of hours of operation of station B is
8760 x 8760×17241
y= =
50,000 50,000
= 3020 hours (Ans.)

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