MUSIC

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 MUSIC

 Art of sound
 From the French word mousike which means the “art of music”
 Originally functional: dance and religion
 MUSIC
 Unique art
 Absolute music: music without a subject
 Program music: music with a subject
 Functions of Music
 Religious and ceremonial purpose
 Therapeutic value
 Releases tension and emotions
 For entertainment
 Elements of Music
Rhythm
 Most basic of the elements
 Gives sense of movement
 Order of movement which gives us the duration of tones and the degrees of accent
 Elements of Music
 Pitch and Melody
 Melody
 Any succession of single tones which, by virtue of being placed sequentially, gives sense of continuity
 When all the tones of a melody have been sounded, their total relationship establishes tonality
 Harmony
 The relationship of the tones within the chord and the relationship of chords to one another
 Tempo
 Rate of speed of the music and is measured by number of beats per minute
 Pace is slow, quick, or moderate
 Tempo (Italian terms)
 Grave gravely, solemnly, slowly
 Largo very slowly and broadly
 Adagio very slowly
 Andante moderately slow
 Andantino somewhat faster than andante
 Moderator at a moderate tempo
 Allegreto at a pace between moderator and allegro
 Allegro fairly fast
 Presto very fast
 Prestissimo as fast as possible
 Slow tempo
 concentration, reflection, and deep feeling, solemnity
 Quick tempo
 gaiety, joy, fun, vigor, excitement
 Increasing speed
 increase in excitement and tension
 Decreasing speed
 loss of life or power/relaxation and rest/exhaustion
 Remember: Sudden changes in tempo often suggest changes in mood or meaning.

Dynamics
 Degree and variation of volume and force
 Soft to loud (Dudley et. al, 1978)
 Pianissimo (pp.) as softly as possible
 Piano (p.) Softly
 Mezzo piano (mp.) somewhat softly
 Mezzo forte (mf.) somewhat loudly
 Forte (f.) loudly
 Crescendo (cresc.) getting louder
 Decresendo (decres.) getting softer
 Texture
 Number of tones we are asked to apprehend simultaneously
 Timbre/Tone color
 Distinguished quality of sound produced by the human voice or by an instrument

 Media in Music
 Vocal medium
 Human voice as the oldest and most popular of all instruments
 Men’s vocal chords: longer and larger (lower range of pitches)
 Vocal register
Classes
 Soprano high register female voice
 Mezzo medium register female voice
soprano
 Alto low register female voice
 Tenor high register male voice
 Baritone medium register male voice
 Bass low register male voice
 Musical instruments
 “Colors” of music
 Means by which composer communicates to the listener
 Main kinds: instruments which are: bowed (strings), blown (brasses and woodwind), and struck
(percussion)
Strings
Woodwind
Brass Instruments
 Kinds of Music
 Program music
 Folk music
 Art music
 Jazz music
 Classical
 Opera
 Ways of Singing
 Solo
 Duet
 Acapella
 Choir/chorus
 Quartet (4 parts)
 Person who creates musical/ literary work
 Ryan Cayabyab
 Louie Ocampo
 Levi Celerio
 Effortlessly translated/wrote anew the lyrics to traditional melodies (i.e O Maliwanag Na Buwan)
 National Artist for Literature
 Guinness Book of World Records as the only person who can make music out of a leaf

Reference:
Pagay, J. S. (2013). Art Appreciation (Introduction to Humanities).
(M. Jalon, Ed.) St. Andrew Publishing.

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