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07 - Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors

This document discusses using eigen values and eigen vectors to determine natural frequencies and mode shapes for multi-degree of freedom vibrating systems. It introduces the concept of the dynamic matrix and shows that solving the frequency determinate of this matrix yields the eigen values, from which natural frequencies can be calculated. It then explains that the eigen vectors, which represent mode shapes, can be obtained from the adjoint of the dynamic matrix minus eigen value times the identity matrix. Finally, it provides an example problem of using this process to find the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a vibrating system.

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125 views8 pages

07 - Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors

This document discusses using eigen values and eigen vectors to determine natural frequencies and mode shapes for multi-degree of freedom vibrating systems. It introduces the concept of the dynamic matrix and shows that solving the frequency determinate of this matrix yields the eigen values, from which natural frequencies can be calculated. It then explains that the eigen vectors, which represent mode shapes, can be obtained from the adjoint of the dynamic matrix minus eigen value times the identity matrix. Finally, it provides an example problem of using this process to find the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a vibrating system.

Uploaded by

Abdulrahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors

Matrix Method
Introduction

In general for multi degree of freedom system and for


undamped free vibration case, the equations of motion can be
written as:

𝑀 𝑋 + 𝐾 𝑋 =0

Where,
𝑀 is the square mass matrix.

𝐾 is the square stiffness matrix.

𝑋 is the acceleration vector.

𝑋 is the displacement vector.

−1
Pre-multiply the above equation by 𝑀
,𝑀-−1 𝑀 𝑋 + ,𝑀-−1 𝐾 𝑋 = 0

𝐼 𝑋 + 𝐷 𝑋 =0 … (1)

Where, 𝐷 = ,𝑀-−1 ,𝐾- is called the dynamic matrix

For harmonic motion:


Diff. twice
𝑥 = 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 𝑥 = −𝜔2 𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡

∴ 𝑥 = −𝜔2 𝑥

In vector form:
𝑋 = −𝜔2 𝑋

Substitute into equation (1):


−𝜔2 𝐼 𝑋 + 𝐷 𝑋 = 0

Let 𝜆 = 𝜔2 :

* 𝐷 −𝜆 𝐼 + 𝑋 =0 … (2)

The frequency determinate may be written as follows:

𝐷 −𝜆 𝐼 =0

Where, λ is called the Eigen Value.


The above determinate gives the values of the Eigen values for
the vibrating system which are 𝜆1 , 𝜆2 , … 𝜆𝑛 and from which the
natural frequencies may be obtained.

Hence, 𝜔𝑖 = 𝜆𝑖
Eigen Vector

The Eigen vectors for a vibrating systems represent the mode


shape under consideration.
Thus for n degree of freedom there will be n Eigen vectors and
n Eigen values.
The Eigen vectors may be obtained from the following:

Let: 𝐷 − 𝜆 𝐼 = ,𝐵-

−1 𝐴𝑑𝑗 ,𝐵-
,𝐵- =
𝐵
Pre-multiplying both sides of the above equation by 𝐵 ,𝐵-
gives:
−1
𝐵 ,𝐵-𝐴𝑑𝑗 ,𝐵-
𝐵 ,𝐵-,𝐵- =
𝐵
𝐵 ,𝐼- = ,𝐵-𝐴𝑑𝑗 ,𝐵-

𝐷 −𝜆 𝐼 𝐼 = 𝐷 − 𝜆 𝐼 𝐴𝑑𝑗* 𝐷 − 𝜆 𝐼 +

Put 𝜆 = 𝜆𝑖 into the above equation:

𝐷 − 𝜆𝑖 𝐼 𝐼 = 𝐷 − 𝜆𝑖 𝐼 𝐴𝑑𝑗* 𝐷 − 𝜆𝑖 𝐼 +

The left side of the equation must equal to zero.

0= 𝐷 − 𝜆𝑖 𝐼 𝐴𝑑𝑗* 𝐷 − 𝜆𝑖 𝐼 +

Compare the above equation with equation (2):

0 = * 𝐷 − 𝜆𝑖 𝐼 +*𝑋+𝑖
The comparison gives that each column of the Adjoint matrix
must equal to the Eigen vector of the Eigen value under
consideration (multiply by an arbitrary constant).

e.g. For the system shown in the figure, find its natural
frequencies and mode shapes using Eigen value and Eigen
vector procedure.
Coordinate Coupling

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