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03 - Forced Vibration

The document discusses forced vibration of a single degree of freedom system without damping. It defines forced vibration as the response of a dynamic system to an external time-dependent forcing or excitation force. The response to a harmonic excitation is called harmonic response. The solution is the sum of the complementary solution (obtained by setting the forcing to zero) and the particular integral solution. For maximum steady state response, the ratio of dynamic to static amplitude is defined as the magnification factor. Examples are provided to demonstrate forced vibration analysis of real systems.

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179 views13 pages

03 - Forced Vibration

The document discusses forced vibration of a single degree of freedom system without damping. It defines forced vibration as the response of a dynamic system to an external time-dependent forcing or excitation force. The response to a harmonic excitation is called harmonic response. The solution is the sum of the complementary solution (obtained by setting the forcing to zero) and the particular integral solution. For maximum steady state response, the ratio of dynamic to static amplitude is defined as the magnification factor. Examples are provided to demonstrate forced vibration analysis of real systems.

Uploaded by

Abdulrahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Forced Vibration

Single DOF without damping


A dynamic system is often subjected to some type of
external force or excitation, called the forcing or exciting
force.

This excitation is usually time dependent.

It may be harmonic, nonharmonic but periodic, nonperiodic,


or random in nature.

The response of a system to a harmonic excitation is called


harmonic response.
Let F(t)= 𝐹0 sin 𝜔𝑡
The FBD will be:
The equation of motion is:

m𝑥 + kx = 𝐹0 sin 𝜔𝑡

The solution of the above equation is


divided into two parts:
𝑥 = 𝑥𝑐 + 𝑥𝑝
𝑥𝑐 = The complementary solution
𝑥𝑝 = The particular integral solution
The complementary solution is obtained by letting the right
hand side of the equation of motion equal to zero and the
solution was already found to be:

𝑥𝑐 (𝑡) = 𝐴1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + 𝐴2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑛 𝑡

The natural frequency of the system is still the same as that


found in free vibration and it will be:

𝑘
𝜔𝑛 =
𝑚
Because the exciting force F(t) is harmonic, the particular
solution 𝑥𝑝 𝑡 is also harmonic and has the same frequency
of the external force 𝜔 Thus we assume a solution in the
form:
𝑥𝑝 (𝑡) = 𝐻𝑠𝑖𝑛ω𝑡

Differentiate twice and substitute into the equation of


motion to yield:

𝐹0
𝐻=
𝑘 − 𝑚𝜔 2

𝐹0
𝑘
𝑥𝑝 (𝑡) = ( 𝜔 2
)𝑠𝑖𝑛ω𝑡
1−
𝜔𝑛
The complete solution will be:

𝑥 = 𝑥𝑐 + 𝑥𝑝

𝐹0
𝑘
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + 𝐴2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + ( 𝜔 2
)𝑠𝑖𝑛ω𝑡
1−
𝜔𝑛

Transient solution Steady State solution


Transient
solution

Steady
State
solution

Complete
solution
For maximum
amplitude of
vibration i.e.
steady state
solution:

𝐹0
𝑘
x=( 𝜔 2
)
1−
𝜔𝑛

𝑥 1
=( 2)
𝐹0 𝜔
𝑘 1 −
𝜔𝑛

Dimensionless factor
The dimensionless factor is sometimes written as:

𝑥 1
=( 2)
𝛿𝑠𝑡 𝜔
1− 𝜔
𝑛

Where 𝛿𝑠𝑡 = 𝐹0 𝑘 denotes the deflection of the mass


under a force 𝐹0 and it is sometimes called (static
deflection) since 𝐹0 is a constant (static) force.

The quantity 𝑥 𝛿𝑠𝑡 represents the ratio of the dynamic to


static amplitude of motion and is called the magnification
factor, amplification factor, or amplitude ratio.
e.g.13 A reciprocating pump weighing 150 lb., is mounted
at the middle of a steel plate of thickness 0.5 in., width 2
in., and length 100 in., clamped along two edges as shown
in the below figure.
During operation of the pump, the plate is subjected to a
harmonic force, F(t)= 50 cos 62.832 t lb. Find the amplitude of
vibration of the plate. Given (𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎).
e.g.14 An electric motor is mounted by means of gears
on a mid span of a shaft rested between two bearings as
shown in the figure.
It is found that the motor suffers from vibration due to
unbalance of 0.1 kg.m. The clearance between the
armature and the stator is 1 mm.
Design the diameter of the
shaft such that when the
motor vibrates the
armature wont touch the
stator at any instant of
time. Given that:
Motor mass: 5 kg.
The motor operating speed
is 1000-3000 rpm.
𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎.
e.g.15 Find the natural frequency and the steady state
amplitude of vibration for the system shown in the
figure.
Y= y0 sin ωt

d d

2d 2d
X
K1 K2

m
e.g.16 Find the steady state solution for the system
shown in the figure.

2k

A
m

k X

F0 sin ωt

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