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Sinusoids & Phasors 3

This document discusses phasor relationships for circuit elements like resistors, inductors, and capacitors. It explains that for a resistor, the voltage and current are in phase. For an inductor, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees. For a capacitor, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. It also introduces impedance as a frequency-dependent quantity that represents resistance for any circuit element, where impedance is defined as the ratio of voltage to current phasor. Impedance allows Ohm's law to be expressed in phasor form.

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MD Ishaq Ahmed
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75 views5 pages

Sinusoids & Phasors 3

This document discusses phasor relationships for circuit elements like resistors, inductors, and capacitors. It explains that for a resistor, the voltage and current are in phase. For an inductor, the current lags the voltage by 90 degrees. For a capacitor, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. It also introduces impedance as a frequency-dependent quantity that represents resistance for any circuit element, where impedance is defined as the ratio of voltage to current phasor. Impedance allows Ohm's law to be expressed in phasor form.

Uploaded by

MD Ishaq Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7/15/2020

Sinusoids
and Phasors
Session 3

Mohammad Asif ul Haq


Lecturer and Program Coordinator
Department of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering

Phasor Relationships for Circuit Elements


Resistors
If the current through a resistor R is Im cos (ωt +
) , the voltage across it is given by Ohm’s law as
–
v= iR = R.Im cos (ωt + )
The phasor form of this voltage is V= R. Im 
But the phasor representation of the current is Im

So, V= R. I
From the voltage and current equation, we should
note that the voltage and current are in phase.
2

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7/15/2020

Phasor Relationships for Circuit Elements


Inductors
For the Inductor L, assume that the current going through it is
Im cos (ωt + ) , the voltage across it is given by

Recall that –sinA = cos (A+90). We can write the voltage as –

But I=Im  and So, we get,

This shows that the voltage has a magnitude of ωLIm and a


phase of  + 900. Specifically, the current lags the voltage by
900.
3

Phasor Relationships for Circuit Elements


Capacitors
For the Inductor C, assume that the voltage across it is v = Vm
cos (ωt + ) , the current through it is given by

Following the same steps as earlier, by putting the equation of


voltage in this equation, we can get,

In case of the capacitor, the current leads the voltage by 900.

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7/15/2020

Phasor Relationships for Circuit Elements

3
7/15/2020

Impedance and Admittance


We have obtained the following voltage-current relations –

These equations may be written in terms of the ratio of the phasor voltage to
the phasor current as –

From these three expressions, we obtain Ohm’s law in phasor form for any type
of element as

where Z is a frequency-dependent quantity known as impedance, measured in


ohms.

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7/15/2020

Impedance and Admittance

Impedance and Admittance


• For DC conditions, ω = 0, so we get, ZL = 0 and
Zc = ∞, confirming what we already know—
that the inductor acts like a short circuit,
while the capacitor acts like an open circuit.
• For very high frequencies, ω = ∞, so we get,
ZL = ∞ and Zc = 0. indicating that the inductor
is an open circuit to high frequencies, while
the capacitor is a short circuit.

10

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