Independence

Exchange of data between four

nodes in an Ad Hoc network

Syed Ahmed Faran

 B

• There are 4 nodes: A B C D A D

• We observe exchange of data between these

nodes.

• We say ‘AB’ is an outcome which represents A

transmitting data to node B.
• We have following outcomes in sample space:

• AB AC AD
• BA BC BD
• CA CB CD
• DA DB DC
B

A D

C
AB AC AD
BA BC BD
CA CB CD
DA DB DC
 1/12

AB AC AD
BA BC BD
CA CB CD
DA DB DC
AB AC AD
BA BC BD
CA CB CD
DA DB
DC
 1/24 1/24
AB 1/12 AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD
CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

DA DB 1/24
1/24
1/4
DC
 B

A D
• We create three events: C
i. A transmits
ii. B transmits
1/24
iii. D receives AB 1/12 1/24
AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD
CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

DA DB 1/24
1/24
1/4
DC
 B

• We create three events: A D

C
i. A transmits
ii. B transmits
1/24
iii. D receives AB 1/12 1/24
AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD
CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

DA DB 1/24
1/24
1/4
DC
 B

• We create three events: A D

C
i. A transmits
ii. B transmits
1/24
iii. D receives AB 1/12 1/24
AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD
CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

DA DB 1/24
1/24
1/4
DC
 B

• We create three events: A D

C
i. A transmits
ii. B transmits
1/24
iii. D receives AB 1/12 1/24
AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD
CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

DA DB 1/24
1/24
1/4
DC
 B

• We want to see if these events A D

are pair-wise independent or not. C

1/24 1/24
1/12
AB AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD
CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

DA DB 1/24
1/24
1/4
DC
 B

• Are these two events independent?

A D

C
A transmits, B transmits.

1/24
Only if: AB 1/12 1/24
AC AD
P[A transmits | B transmits]=P[A transmits]
Or
P[A transmits ∩B transmits]=P[A transmits].P[B transmits] 1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD
CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

DA DB 1/24
1/24
1/4
DC
 B

• Are these two events independent?

A D

A transmits, B transmits. C

Only if: 1/24

P[A transmits | B transmits]=P[A transmits] 1/12 1/24
Or AB AC AD
P[A transmits ∩B transmits]=P[A transmits].P[B transmits]

1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD

CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD
P[A transmits]=1/6
P[A transmits | B transmits]=0 DA DB 1/24
1/24
1/4
DC
 B

• Are these two events independent?

A D

C
A transmits, D receives.

1/24
Only if: AB 1/12 1/24
AC AD
P[A transmits | D receives]=P[A transmits]
Or
P[A transmits ∩ D receives]=P[A transmits].P[D receives] 1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD
CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

DA DB 1/24
1/24
1/4
DC
 B

• Are these two events independent?

A D

C
A transmits, D receives.

1/24
Only if: AB 1/12 1/24
AC AD
P[A transmits | D receives]=P[A transmits]
Or
P[A transmits ∩ D receives]=P[A transmits].P[D receives] 1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD
CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD
P[A transmits]=1/6
P[A transmits|D receives]=1/4 DA DB 1/24
1/24
1/4
DC
 B

• Are these two events independent?

A D

C
B transmits, D receives.

1/24
Only if: AB 1/12 1/24
AC AD
P[B transmits | D receives]=P[B transmits]
Or
P[B transmits ∩ D receives]=P[B transmits].P[D receives] 1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD
CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

DA DB 1/24
1/24
1/4
DC
 B

• Are these two events independent?

A D

C
B transmits, D receives.

1/24
Only if: AB 1/12 1/24
AC AD
P[B transmits | D receives]=P[B transmits]
Or
P[B transmits ∩ D receives]=P[B transmits].P[D receives] 1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD
CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD
P[B transmits]=1/4
P[B transmits|D receives]=1/4
DA DB 1/24
1/24
1/4
DC
 1/24 1/24
1/12
AB AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD B

CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

A D

DA DB 1/24 C
1/24
1/4
DC

A transmits ;B transmits [dependent]

A transmits ;D receives [dependent]

B transmits ;D receives [independent]

 1/24 1/24
1/12
AB AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD B

CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

A D

DA DB 1/24 C
1/24
1/4
DC

A transmits ;B transmits [dependent] 1/6

A transmits ;D receives [dependent]

B transmits ;D receives [independent]

 1/24 1/24
1/12
AB AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD B

CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

A D

DA DB 1/24 C
1/24
1/4
DC

A transmits ;B transmits [dependent]

A transmits ;D receives

B transmits ;D receives
[dependent]

[independent]
0
 1/24 1/24
1/12
AB AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD B

CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

A D

DA DB 1/24 C
1/24
1/4
DC

A transmits ;B transmits [dependent]

A transmits ;D receives

B transmits ;D receives
[dependent]

[independent]
0
Probabilities change!
 1/24 1/24
1/12
AB AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD B

CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

A D

DA DB 1/24 C
1/24
1/4
DC

A transmits ;B transmits [dependent] 1/6

A transmits ;D receives [dependent]

B transmits ;D receives [independent]

 1/24 1/24
1/12
AB AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD B

CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

A D

DA DB 1/24 C
1/24
1/4
DC

A transmits ;B transmits [dependent] 1/4

A transmits ;D receives [dependent]

B transmits ;D receives [independent]

 1/24 1/24
1/12
AB AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD B

CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

A D

DA DB 1/24 C
1/24
1/4
DC

A transmits ;B transmits [dependent] 1/4

A transmits ;D receives [dependent]

B transmits ;D receives [independent]

Probabilities change!
 1/24 1/24
1/12
AB AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD B

CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

A D

DA DB 1/24 C
1/24
1/4
DC

A transmits ;B transmits [dependent] 1/4

A transmits ;D receives [dependent]

B transmits ;D receives [independent]

 1/24 1/24
1/12
AB AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD B

CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

A D

DA DB 1/24 C
1/24
1/4
DC

A transmits ;B transmits [dependent] 1/4

A transmits ;D receives [dependent]

B transmits ;D receives [independent]

 1/24 1/24
1/12
AB AC AD
1/8 BA 1/12 BC 1/24BD B

CA 1/12 1/12 CB 1/12 CD

A D

DA DB 1/24 C
1/24
1/4
DC

A transmits ;B transmits [dependent] 1/4

A transmits ;D receives [dependent]

B transmits ;D receives [independent]

Probabilities do not change!