"Blind Indoor Navigation Using Ultrasonic Sensor": Submitted To: Prof. Anand Kumar S
"Blind Indoor Navigation Using Ultrasonic Sensor": Submitted To: Prof. Anand Kumar S
"Blind Indoor Navigation Using Ultrasonic Sensor": Submitted To: Prof. Anand Kumar S
Submitted to:
Prof. Anand Kumar S
Submitted by:
Ch. Akhil Chowdary 19BCE2390
Prince Kumar 19BCI0002
Shashank Thyagi 18BCI0231
Aryan V Kulshreshtha 18BCI0235
1
CONTENT
S no. Topic Page no.
1. Introduction 2
2. Sub points 3 to 6
3. Block diagram 7
6. Screen 11,12
shot and
Conclus
ion
7. Future 12,13
scope and
Reference
s
1)INTRODUCTION:
World Health Organization (WHO) has released the statistics in 2014 that shows 10% of
the world’s population have a disability, with 80% of them located in developing
countries. This global data on visual impairments shows the people with visual
impairment globally is around 285 million which 39 million are fully blind and 246
million are having low vision problem. This total figure does not reflect to the real
number of a people with disabilities in this world since the visually impaired people are
cannot independently travel by themselves. Many technologies have been developed to
assist blind users with different navigation needs. This includes avoiding obstacles like
laser canes and other handheld devices that transmit laser or ultrasound beams to detect
objects ahead of the user and give audio or vibration feedback that varies according to
how close the objects are. In this paper represents the main objective of the system is to
provide, in real-time, useful navigation information that enables a user to make
appropriate and timely decisions on which route to follow in an indoor space. Two main
aspects should be addressed by this system to provide navigation support:
2
(1) Detection of the position and movement intentions of a user.
(2) Positioning of all the objects or possible obstacles into the environment.
In order to deal with these issues, the solution uses the interaction among several
components as a platform to capture and process the user and environment information,
and to generate and deliver navigation messages to users while they are moving in an
indoor area. The motivation of this project was to develop a portable navigation aid for
blind pedestrians. The most widely used primary mobility aid today is the long cane.
This has several limitations such as arrange limited to the length of the cane, typically
one pace a head of the user, difficulties detecting over hanging obstacles, and difficulties
storing in public places.
2)PROBLEM STATEMENT:
3)MOTIVATION:
According to W.H.O., 285 million people are visually impaired worldwide: 39 million
are blind and 246 have a problem of low vision. About 90% of the world's visually
impaired live in developing countries. As an engineer it is our responsibility to develop
technology for bringing comfort to these people. Thus, as a start, the goal of our project
is to develop a device which the blind can use to navigate independently. We also set our
goal to make this technology accurate, comfortable, easy to implement and affordable.
4)EXPLANATION/WORKING
• There are two buzzers and one LED on the breadboard which alarm the user and the
people around him/her
• The ultrasonic sensor, placed on the breadboard detects obstruction that comes along
the way of the user.
• Different amplitudes of sounds are generated based on the distance between the stick
and the obstruction.
3
• The sound generated increases in amplitude as the distance between the obstruction
and the stick decreases
• If distance is less than or equal 40cm only one buzzer will generate sound.
• If distance is less than or equal to 20cm, both the buzzers will generate sound.
• If distance is less than or equal to 10cm (emergency condition), the LED will light,
alerting people around the user. The sound amplitude will remain same.
5)HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
• Breadboard
• Battery
• Ultrasonic sensor
• LED
• Buzzer/Alarm
• Arduino
6)LITERATURE SURVEY:
There are 38 million blind people and 242 million with low vision which accounts to 280
million visually impaired people worldwide. There are many obstacles along path to
avoid these traditionally followed techniques are mainly on Global Positioning System
(GPS) alone, to navigate around. These solutions based on GPS are always not reliable
because of their low accuracy. All these navigational system devices give instructions to
blind on how to navigate, in which case the user still have to think and move around that
is not autonomous. None these devices physically help to the blind around. The basic
properties and limitations of existing devices are discussed.
All these systems mentioned above are used for object detection and identification but
they are not autonomous because we can’t relay GPS because it not effective in rural
areas where there no proper signals and it can’t give exact indication and who are
wearing it face lot of problems. These GPS based equipment is very costly and it can’t
affordable by the all 280 million people only 20percent of the people will be able to buy.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
6
CIRCUIT DESIGN
7
EXPLANATION/WORKING
• There are two buzzers and one LED on the
breadboard which alarm the user and the people
around him/her
• The ultrasonic sensor, placed on the breadboard detects
obstruction that comes along the way of the user.
• Different amplitudes of sounds are generated based
on the distance between the stick and the obstruction.
• The sound generated increases in amplitude as the
distance between the obstruction and the stick decreases
• If distance is less than or equal 40cm only one buzzer will generate
sound.
• If distance is less than or equal to 20cm, both the buzzers
willgenerate sound.
• If distance is less than or equal to 10cm
(emergency condition), the LED will light, alerting
8
people around the user. The sound amplitude will
remain same.
SOFTWARE DESIGN
/*
*/ #define trigPin 9
#define echoPin8
void setup() {
Serial.begin (9600);
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(trigPin, INPUT);
pinMode(Buzzer1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Buzzer2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(Led1, OUTPUT);
void loop() {
Serial.begin(9600);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delay(2);
9
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delay(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin,HIGH);
digitalWrite(Buzzer1, LOW);
digitalWrite(Buzzer2, LOW);
digitalWrite(Led1, LOW);
if (distance<40) {
digitalWrite(Led1, HIGH);
delay(2000);
if (distance<20)
digitalWrite(Led1, HIGH);
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(Buzzer1, HIGH);
delay(2000);
if (distance<10)
digitalWrite(Led1, HIGH);
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(Buzzer1, HIGH);
delay(2000);
10
}
if (distance<10)
digitalWrite(Led1, HIGH);
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(Buzzer1, HIGH);
delay(2000);
digitalWrite(Buzzer2, HIGH);
delay(2000);
SCREEN SHOT
11
CONCLUSION
• The proposed system has been developed and its main goal is the
increase the capability of blind individuals. The technique used here
is well known name in imaging industries, where they reduce errors
by using more advance sensors.
• A person would be able to detect each and every obstacle and using
sensor, person would be able to find out who is exactly and who is
converse.
FUTURE SCOPE
12
REFERENCES
https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/arduino-smartblind-stick
https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/hadi1234/arduinoblind-stick-19d865
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
13