Birla Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya

Engineering College
(An Autonomous Institution)

Department of Electronics & Communication

LABORATORY MANUAL

Subject Code: EC472

Subject Name: Organic Electronics

Group : 17CP016,17CP017,17CP025,17CP026,17CP029
Department of Electronics & Communication ID:17CP016,17CP017,17CP025,17CP026,17CP029

INDEX

Sr. AIM Pag Date

No. e no.
1 Introduction to MATLAB related to Mobile 3
Communication.

2 To study about random data generation and calculating 10

Bit Error Rate (BER) in it.

3 Write a MATLAB program to find probability of blocking

using Erlang-B formula and also plot traffic intensity v/s
blocking probability with respect to different trunk
channels.

4 Write a MATLAB program to find probability of delaying

using Erlang-C formula and also plot traffic intensity v/s
delaying probability with respect to different trunk
channels.

5 Draw Simulink block to find out Bit Error Rate for

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) technique using: 1)
Minimum distance Method, 2) Average Power Method
and 3) Peak power method.

6 Draw Simulink block to find out Bit Error Rate for

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) technique.

7 Draw Simulink block to find out Bit Error Rate for Phase
Shift Keying (PSK) technique.

8 Write a MATLAB program to plot reflection coefficient

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Department of Electronics & Communication ID:17CP016,17CP017,17CP025,17CP026,17CP029

v/s angle of incident for parallel electric field component.

9 Write a MATLAB program to plot reflection coefficient

v/s angle of incident for perpendicular electric field
component.

10 Write a MATLAB program to find median path loss using

Okumura model and also plot the median path loss v/s
frequency graph.

11 Write a MATLAB program to find median path loss using

Hata model and also plot the median path loss v/s
frequency graph.

12 Write a MATLAB program to plot duty cycle v/s transmit

time for wide range of battery life time for GSM mobile
phone.

13 Introduction to GSM system architecture.

14 Introduction to CDMA system architecture.

15 Introduction to recent trends in wireless communication

systems:

1) Wi-Fi, 2) WiMAX, 3) SDR and 4) Wireless ad-hoc

network

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Department of Electronics & Communication ID:17CP016,17CP017,17CP025,17CP026,17CP029

Experiment – 1.1

AIM: Introduction to MATLAB related to Mobile Communication

Apparatus: MATLAB Version R2020a.
Description: Basics of MATLAB and various command related to wireless
communication.

- To generate the discrete sine wave and discrete cosine wave.

Pseudo Code:
Initialize index from -pi to pi at the interval of 0.1
Initialize variable for sin plot.
Create plot using index and sin variable.
Set x and y label
Give title for plot
Repeat step 1 to 5 step for cos, exp and ramp.

Program:

##Practical-1 : Part 1
##continues
clear all;
close all;
clc;

x = -pi:0.1:pi
y = sin(x)
subplot(2,2,1)#row,column,which place
plot(x,y,'s')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');
title("Sin PLot");

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Department of Electronics & Communication ID:17CP016,17CP017,17CP025,17CP026,17CP029

z = -pi:0.1:pi
a = cos(x)
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(z,a,'c')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');
title("Cos Plot")

z = -pi:0.1:pi
a = exp(x)
subplot(2,2,3)
plot(z,a,'o')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');
title("Exponentional Plot")

r = x
subplot(2,2,4)
plot(x,r,'r')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');
title('Ramp')

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 Department of Electronics & Communication ID:17CP016,17CP017,17CP025,17CP026,17CP029

Output:

Theory:

 Various MATLAB commands related to Wireless communication:

1) Plot(x, y): It plots all lines defined by Xn versus Yn pairs. If only Xn or Yn is a matrix, the
vector is plotted versus the rows or columns of the matrix.

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 Department of Electronics & Communication ID:17CP016,17CP017,17CP025,17CP026,17CP029

2) Stem(x, y): stem(X,Y) plots X versus the columns of Y. It is generally used for discrete
plotting of the graph of any function.

3) Xlabel: This command labels the x-axis.

4) Ylabel: This command labels the y-axis.
5) Title: This command is used to create or modify the title of the plot.
6) Axis: It manipulates commonly used axes properties.
7) Round: The command rounds the elements of X to the nearest integers. For complex X,
the imaginary and real parts are rounded independently.

8) Rand: It returns a pseudorandom, scalar value drawn from a uniform distribution on the
unit interval.

9) Input: Through this command one can request the user to input the values.
10) Grid on: This command used to turn grids ‘ON’ of the plot. It controls the presence of
appearance of grid lines.

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 Department of Electronics & Communication ID:17CP016,17CP017,17CP025,17CP026,17CP029

11) Subplot: subplot divides the current figure into rectangular panes that are numbered
row-wise. Each pane contains an axes object. Subsequent plots are output to the
current pane.

12) Hold on: hold on retains the current plot and certain axes properties so that subsequent
graphing commands add to the existing graph.

Experiment – 1.2

AIM: Discrete plot using stem.

Apparatus: MATLAB Version R2020a.
Description: unlike plot function stem will not take continues values but only integer
values will be taken.

Pseudo Code:
Initialize index from -pi to pi at the interval of 0.1
Initialize variable for sin plot.
Create stem using index and sin variable.
Set x and y label
Give title for plot
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Department of Electronics & Communication ID:17CP016,17CP017,17CP025,17CP026,17CP029

Repeat step 1 to 5 step for cos, exp and ramp.

Program:

##Practical-1 : Part 2
##Discrete
clear all;
close all;
clc;

x = -pi:0.1:pi
y = sin(x)
subplot(2,2,1)#row,column,which place
stem(x,y,'s')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');
title("Sin PLot");

z = -pi:0.1:pi
a = cos(x)
subplot(2,2,2)
stem(z,a,'c')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');
title("Cos Plot")

z = -pi:0.1:pi
a = exp(x)
subplot(2,2,3)
stem(z,a,'o')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');
title("Exponentional Plot")

r = x
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 Department of Electronics & Communication ID:17CP016,17CP017,17CP025,17CP026,17CP029

subplot(2,2,4)
stem(x,r,'r')
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amp');
title('Ramp')

output:

Conclusion:

From this practical we can understand how to use the MATLAB and we can also learn
the various command of the MATLAB related to wireless communication.

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Department of Electronics & Communication ID:17CP016,17CP017,17CP025,17CP026,17CP029

Experiment – 2

AIM: To study about random data generation and calculating Bit Error Rate in it.
Apparatus: MATLAB Version R2020a.
Description:

1. The bit error rate (BER) is the number of bit errors per unit time.

2. The bit error ratio (also BER) is the number of bit errors divided by the total
number of transferred bits during a studied time interval.

3. Bit error ratio is a unitless performance measure, often expressed as a percentage

No . of Error bits
BER =
Total no . of transmitted bits

4. A common example of this is with a dial-up modem connection to an ISP.During

the initialization sequence when communications are being established between
the computer modem and the ISP modem, it was possible to hear the digital
noise. An arbitration process ensued whereby the highest data rate is attempted
and if it resulted in too high of a BER, the modems mutually agreed to drop back
to a lower rate. The process continued until an acceptable BER was achieved. That
is why sometimes you would get a 50,2 kB connection, while at other times you
might get only a 24.6 kB connection.
5. the lower data rates are almost a certainty when it is raining; evidently poor
insulation somewhere in the telephone lines allowed enough current leakage
between conductors, or degraded poor connections enough to cause
significantly higher noise.

Pseudo Code:

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Department of Electronics & Communication ID:17CP016,17CP017,17CP025,17CP026,17CP029

Generate the random transmitted data of 10 bits.

Generate the random received data of 10 bits.
Compute the no. of errors individually in the received bits.
Compute total no. of errors.
Compute the bit error rate.

Program:
##Random data generation and calculating bit
error(probability of error)
##BER = PE = no. of errors/total no. of bits

clear all;
close all;
clc;

tx = input("Enter the transmitted bits")

rx = input("Enter the transmitted bits")

ne = xor(tx,rx)
tne = sum(ne)

ber = tne/length(tx)

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Department of Electronics & Communication ID:17CP016,17CP017,17CP025,17CP026,17CP029

Output:

Conclusion: Through this practical we conclude that we can find the BER and can
analyze the communication system for various modulation types and various
modulation index.

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