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Ema Emits College Philippines: The Study of Sociology and Anthropology

This document discusses the study of sociology and anthropology, outlining their meanings and relevance to students. It also lists several famous sociologists such as Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber, as well as anthropologists including Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, and William Graham Summer, briefly describing their views and contributions. Students are assigned activities to further explore and apply their understanding of these disciplines.

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63 views3 pages

Ema Emits College Philippines: The Study of Sociology and Anthropology

This document discusses the study of sociology and anthropology, outlining their meanings and relevance to students. It also lists several famous sociologists such as Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber, as well as anthropologists including Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, and William Graham Summer, briefly describing their views and contributions. Students are assigned activities to further explore and apply their understanding of these disciplines.

Uploaded by

Janine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EMA EMITS COLLEGE PHILIPPINES

(Formerly: Eastern Mindoro Institute of Technology & Sciences)


Del Pilar St.; Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro
Telefax No. (043) 284-3974

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The Study of Sociology and


MODULE Anthropology
1 Telefax No. (043) 284-3974

Intended Learning Outcomes:


At the end of this Module, you should be able to:
 explain what sociology and anthropology means;
 explain the relevance of sociology and anthropology to you and your
course; and
 enumerate some famous sociologists and anthropologists.

Meaning of Sociology and Anthropology

Sociology is a behavioral science that deals with the study of society. The origin, evolution,
characteristics and functions, dimensions and basic social institutions are studied in sociology.

Anthropology is a behavioral science that deals with the study of culture. The components,
characteristics, functions, modes and adaptation of culture as well as cultural values and
pratices are studied in Anthtopology.

Relevance of Sociology and Anthropology to Your Course

1. They furnish us factual information about society and culture to be able to


understand everyday occurrence and familiar with social group from a new
perspective.
2. They broaden our outlook and view of the world in order to be appreciate our society
and culture better.
3. They develop our ability to examine human behaviour objectively and critically. Thus,
there is a need to get as much information as possible to explain the phenomena or
events accurately.
4. They help us understand the other social groups are different from us and that many
of our differences have been due to physical and cultural adaptations to different
environments.
5. They may give us varied opportunities for career advancement in the academic field,
such as in teaching, research, field social work and community service.
6. Knowledge of both disciplines can be used for urban planning, housing, recreational
development, environmental and ecological concerns.
7. They can be pursued as specialization in project consultancy serving the needs of
the government and private entities.
8. They can contribute to the formulation of a liberal-educated man with sense of
identity and appreciation of his cultural heritage.

Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists


a) Famous Sociologists:

1. Heari Saint Simon – He stressed that logic could improve social life by mitigating or
eliminating social problems.
2. Auguste Comte – (1798-1857) is considered the father of Sociology. He believed
that there are three concerns for order: concerns in the study of society, concerns for
order, concerns for continuity, and concerns for change.
3. Herbert Spencer – (1820-1903), was an English liberal philosopher. He premiered
the principle of survival of the fittest as applied to human societies.
4. Emile Durkheim – (1857-1917), A French Sociologist who devoted his study to
understanding the stability of society and the importance of social participation for
individual happiness.
5. Karl Marx – (1818-1883), the origin of the Conflict Theory of Economics
Determination, believed that social institutions like family, law, and social patterns
are all developed and adapted to the economic situation.
6. Karl Mannheim – (1864-1820) was a German sociologists who believed that
changes in mental attitudes could be understood by the changes in social situation.
7. Max Weber – (1864-1937) was a German Sociologists who stressed the interplay
between social and economic factors.
8. Wilfredo Pareto – He believed that society is divided into two major social
stratifications: the masses who are composed of non-rational people and the elite, or
Aristocrat, the upper social classes, who are the few privileged people.
9. Antonio Gramsci – (1891-1937) an Italian sociologists was famous on his doctrine
of hegemony, He states that all men are intellectuals, but not all men have in society
the function of intellectuals. He further stressed that the relationship between
dominant and subjected social group be based on willing and active consent.
10. Lewis H. Morgan – introduced three stages of history of primitive men: stage of
savagery, stage of barbarism, and stage of civilization.
11. Harriet Martineau – (1802-1876) was a British woman journalist and sociologists
who had an affectionate treatment of women and children. She emphasized that
women must develop their potentials by participating at home and act in the life of
the society which is dominated by men.
12. Simone de Beauvoir, a prominent woman social thinker who rejected the concept of
gender differentiation. She stressed that women should be given a prominent place
in the society where they can exercise their potentialities as women leaders.

a) Famous Anthropologists:

1. Ruth Benedict stressed the uniqueness of each culture that is each culture must
be understood in its term, free from Western biases. Anything which one cultural
group does is worthy of respect by another group.
2. Margaret Mead stressed that the early society is dominated by cooperation and
competition of social classes. She further agreed that war or aggression is a cultural
habit that, once learned, is passed from generation.
3. William Graham Summer, an evolutionary theorist who studied Darwin’s theory of
Natural Selection. Summer insisted that persons who are competitively less fit have
no moral right to subsist on the already scarce resources of society.

Activity 1. Illustrate the meaning of sociology and anthropology.


Sociology Anthropology

2. How may the study of sociology and anthropology be use to you


Activity as a student? (Essay)

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3. Choose three famous sociologists and three anthropologists


Activity and explain briefly their views on your own words. You can also
cite other sociologists/ anthropologists on other resources.
(Essay)

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