Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 13, No.

3 2017

Design and Fabrication of Grain Collecting Machine and Evaluation of Some of

Its Factors to Determine the Exact Losses at the Harvest Time
Ehsan Ghajarjazi1, Mohsen Azadbakht1, Farshid Ghaderi-Far2

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the Exact Losses grains that are wasted on the ground and loss in the operations of
harvesting and Deign a collector capable of collecting the grains shattered in the field due to harvesting. The design
was made based on certain assumptions and calculations and the collector was built, tested and evaluated. The test
included pump suction speed at 3 levels (24000, 27000 and 30000 rpm), length of transferring pipes at three levels
(200, 270 and 340 cm) and 3 types of grains (canola, wheat and soybean). Collecting tests for each of the 3 speeds
and 3 pipe length and 3 types of grain were replicated 3 times and each time the collected grain was separated
from the soil and the weight of each was obtained. The results showed that there were significant differences at
1% level between all parameters tested. Pipe length of 200 cm gave the best collection performance at any pump
speed. Canola can be collected best at any speed, however, wheat and soybean need faster speed (27000 or 30000).

Keywords: Fabrication, grain, collecting machine, harvest losses.

INTRODUCTION is the reduction of waste after production.. Researchers

have dedicated this study to this so-called hidden harvest
To check the losses of agricultural grain crops in the (Omidi et al., 2005). The design basis of the grain
field, it is needed to measure the amount of grains fall to collector machine for a farm is now based on the
the ground during harvest by combine.. Separating the pneumatic conveying and several researchers have done
grains from the soil and collecting them from the ground research-based pneumatic transmission of materials some
and in the groove of the land by hand and by holders is a of which are listed below:
hard work and time consuming to that is not precisely Imanmehr & Qobadian (2008) designed a horizontal
done. Hence the need for a machine to collect the grains pneumatic conveyor of canola. It was a mass flow rate of 90
in the field has been identified. The development of a kg per hour on the pipe with a diameter of 58 mm. First they
growing population increases the need of food day by day. checked at the drop in air pressure and pressure drop of
There are several solutions to increase the production of materials and after checking for the maximum system
cereals. One of the forgotten and less considered solutions pressure, a centrifugal blower was selected, and then
1Department combination of components, chassis and other designs were
of Bio-system Mechanical Engineering, Gorgan
University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, done. Reshadsedghy et al. (2008) designed and built portable
Gorgan, Iran.
2Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of
machine to collect pneumatic Colorado beetle on potato
Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. farms. In their study, they designed and built lightweight
Received on 6/1/2016 and Accepted for Publication on
8/9/2016. portable machine by the user. This machine has an air blower
unit for separation of the pest plant from a plant and a

© 2017 DAR Publishers/The University of Jordan. All Rights Reserved.

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Design and Fabrication… Ehsan Ghajarjazi, Mohsen Azadbakht, Farshid Ghaderi-Far

collector unit of separated pests from plant against the losses that some of them are mentioned as follows:
blower unit that during operation, the two units are placed on Minaei et al. (2010), in their study, to determine the
either side of potato plant. Airflow was provided by loss rate of wheat harvest by John Deer and Class
backpack centrifugal pumps of particle sprayer construction. combines while making use the positive attributes of
Azadbakht et al. (2013) designed leaf collecting machine that traditional methods of measuring harvest losses and
is activated by the tractor empowerment. Leaf feeding is waste, measured the natural grain losses (pre-harvest) and
done by a worker with elastic pipe to the machine. After losses platform of cutting, threshing unit and separating
suction, leaves due to impact force of suction fan, through unit and two wheat types in two combine (JD and Class).
the urethra enter the tank. In the tank hydraulic jack system Yavari, I. & Yavari F. (2005) examined the waste in
was devised in to compress and evacuate the leaves in a spot. different units of popular combines used in grain harvest.
When the leaves cannot be collected by the flexible pipe, the Then selected the places to evaluate the platform waste
system of discharge (air pressure) is used so that the leaves and at these sites with the action of framing the whole
are gathered in a range. Innocentini et al. (2009) designed, product collected and weighed the falling harvest loss.
built and evaluated pneumatic skin isolator from broken Pari et al. (2012) studied the reduction of the effective
soybeans. They used a vacuum pump to suck grains and to yield of the canola harvest in Italy. They looked to harvest
separate from a cyclone separator (filter) was used. In losses of grain from the cultivation to the harvest stage.
another study low pressure pneumatic conveyor was The losses were measured by putting the tray on the floor
designed and built. Air transferred through the system by a between rows of cultivated crop. Cavalieri et al. (2014)
fan and a 23 m length pipe. Grains in the machine were examined the relationship between broken and unbroken
removed using an air local feeder below the grain cavity. In the canola pods, and measured the grains losses. They
the cyclone filter the grains are fall down and air, with dust measured the losses by collecting grains and pod casting
and fine particles, by the evacuating fan, removed from the in the tray. Asoodar et al. (2009) examined the rate of loss
cyclone to the filter (Güner, 2007). Researchers in an article in terms of falling of canola grain in direct harvesting by
examined the jump velocity (saltation) of wheat in horizontal three types of platform combines. The count or collecting
flow in pneumatic conveyor. The jump velocity is defined as tiny canola from a surface of the land especially when
the airspeed that the particles start to move towards the end there are relatively many micro cracks and grooves are
of the horizontal pipe. The velocity on the wheat speed and difficult and time-consuming and imprecise. In this
flour and the various amount of the feeding in was measured method measuring tray for the losses was used.
in horizontal pipe. The most important changes affecting the This study aims to determine the Exact Losses grains that
jump velocity, feeding rate and the average particle size and are wasted on the ground and loss in the operations of
surface area (Shen et al., 1994) harvesting and Design and evaluate a collector capable of
Baker et al. (1984) measured the required force, collecting the grains shattered in the field due to harvesting.
pressure and particle velocity for a pneumatic conveying
system equipped with drying corn device under pressure. 2. Materials and Methods
In this study, two parameters, grain flow rate and air 2.1 Design and Manufacturing Devices
velocity were tested. After the needs assessment and evaluation of
Also this field of research examines different harvest parameters required for first the grain Collecting machine

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Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 13, No.3 2017

designed as shown in Figure 1. After checking the suction, grains fall to the bottom of the cyclone and
different parameters required of the machine, in the separated from air flow. (Srivastava et al. 1993). The tank
mechanical engineering workshop of Biosystems of of the cyclone was cone with a height of 29 cm and the
Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural diameter 8.5.After entering the air with the grains in the
Resources the machine was built, then in the number one cyclone, grains are separated and the air after going through
farm of the University of Agriculture and Natural a strainer which is in the tank, comes out of cyclone.
Resources of Gorgan it was evaluated. Figure 1 shows the Since the grain collector works in the field, dust and
various components of the machine. fine particles may damage the pump. For this reason, the
2.2 The Machine Design paper air filter was used.
To present the original plan for the grain collecting A reactionary pipes pipewas used to transfer the air
machine, it is necessary to provide the design and grain to cyclonepipe. The components consist of
assumptions. These include: to have mobility on rough pump, air filter, cyclone filter were connected by pipes. A
terrain of the farm, to be transferable by the workers, to pipepipe with a length of 70 cm connected pump to the air
be used for a variety of agricultural crops (the canola, filter. Another pipe with a length of 100 cm connected air
wheat, soybean, beans, etc.), and to have the ability to filter to the pipecyclone. And the cyclone by pipe with a
collect tiny grains from deep grooves. lengths of 100 cm was connected to a collection point on
In the chassis a hollow shaft of 35 mm diameters and of earth. The pipepipe was 4 cm in diameter and a thickness
3 mm thickness was used. In order to be strength and easily of 4 mm.
removable by the workers. technical specifications of this 2.3 Methods of Applying the Apparatus
hollow shaft was obtain from DIN standard table and was At the first, machine was taken by workers to the field
considered in the design of chassis (Valinejad, 2005). and sample location. Then gasoline generator is turned on.
The advantage of centrifugal pumps is that they are When the power generator was started, 220-volt electricity
less sensitive to dust (Srivastava et al., 1993). That's why was generated to operate the suction pump. The electrical
a centrifugal pump was selected. The pump had a suction centrifugal pump is connected to generator by an
stationary part and a rotating part. Suction created by the industrial dimmer. This dimmer allows that depending on
rotation of the rotating components. the amount of needed suction, the pump be adjusted. Then,
For convenient carrying device by a worker, device the flexible pipe was carried by the worker to the desired
must be an independent unit and have the lowest feasible location for sampling. If the weight of the grain is large or
size and weight. That's why a generator was used for the land groove is deep, the pump speed is increased by
power generation. Generator was ASTRA-AST 3700 dimmer. The suction pump with an elastic pipe was
made in South Korea. Generator works by gasoline connected to the air filter. The air filter was connected to
engine. The size of which was 450 cm × 450 cm × 650 cm the cyclone filter. So, when the suction is performed, the
and weighs 40 kg. The rate of voltage was 220 V, grains were collected in the cyclone chamber.
Frequency of 50 Hz and output power of 2 up to 2.5 Kw... 2.4 Testing and Evaluating of the Machine
In the suction machine consists of pump, pipes, To evaluate the field grain collecting machine, a 80 g
cyclone, etc., materials must be separated from the air flow. of grains randomly harvested from the field then manually
For that, a cyclone was used. In the cyclone by reducing scattered in a wooden box area of 0.25 m2 ,then they were

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Design and Fabrication… Ehsan Ghajarjazi, Mohsen Azadbakht, Farshid Ghaderi-Far

collected by the grain collecting machine. The effect of suction, while working at any particular time, change in
pump rotation speed (24000, 27000, 30000 rpm), pipe accordance with the output of the suction flow. This
length (200, 270, 340 cm) and types of grains (canola, means that if a hypothetical suction at a given speed, air
wheat and soybean) on collected grains and collected soil flow rate to be considered specifically, the pressure
were studied. The experiments were performed in difference between inlet and outlet of the suction should
triplicate. The reason for choosing three types of grains is not exceed a certain limit. Otherwise, the flow is reduced.
the size variation. The high performance of the system The graph for this phenomenon for any type, size and
means that all grains that wasted are collected and the soil speed is unique. The static pressure of the pump design
collected is the lowest. Increasing amount of the soil according to equation (2) is obtained (Bleier, 1997).
collected with the grains cause to separation process be SP ρu_2^2 ρQu_2 / πd_2 b_2 tanβ_2 (2)
-3
difficult.. Experiments were performed in the field That, ρ = 1.2 (kg m ) (air density)
number 1 of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences According to the standard formula Calculation of
and Natural Resources with loamy clay soil. Data analysis formula will be 3 to 6 values:
was conducted using SAS software and LSD test as a The amount of inside diameter (d1) and the outer
factorial experiment in randomized complete design.. diameter of impeller intake (d2), respectively are 0.035 m
and 0.11 m, then in the degree of β1 = 50 ,̊ β2=70 ̊of angles,
3. Results and Discussion d1/d2 = 0.318 (Bleier, 1997).
3.1 Calculation of the Static Pressure According to the analysis of speed vectors of suction
To determine the static pressure first the amount of the impeller speed, we will have:
air volume within a sector of suction impeller should be tan 〖β_2 〗 〖 v 〗_f2/ u_2 〖 v 〗_u2 (3)
calculated. Then multiply it by the total number of blades β1 = angle at the beginning of blade and β2 = the angle at
to obtain the amount of the total volume of air transfer in the end of the blade,
a spin of suction impeller (Azadbakht et al., 2013). v u2= the blade speed at the leading edge or at the
Suction pump had 9 blades, impeller diameter (D) of beginning of blade
0.11 m, blade length (L) of 0.08 m, maximum blade width u2 = environmental speed suction impeller
0.015 m and minimum blade width of was 0.005 m. To v f2 -the radial velocity of v 2 in the output
calculate the volume of air in the suction pump solid works
v2 -the relative speed of the air at the end of the blade.
software was used. First, the chamber of pump was drawn The amount of v f2 from equation (4) is obtained.
with the desired dimensions and then volume was calculated. 〖v 〗_f2 Q/ π d_2 b_2
V 8.4751 10 (1) 467.263 m ^ 1 (4)
3 3
V: Air volume in terms of m Q (m /s) Air flow rate, d2 (m) the outer diameter of
As a result, the flow rate according to equation (1) is: impeller suction and b2 (m) is the blade passage width in
Q V n 2.54253 (2) the output.
3 -1
Q: Air flow in terms of m s , V: the volume of air in the According to the values β2 = 70 ̊, v f2 = 467.263 (m s-1)
suction impeller in terms of m3, n: rotational speed in and the linear speed suction impeller (5), for the value from
terms of rpm. the equation (6) will be obtained:
Produced static pressure at the outlet of any particular u_2 π d_2 n /60 172.78 m ^ 1 (5)

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Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 13, No.3 2017

〖 v 〗_u2 u_2 〖 v 〗_f2/tan 〖β_2 〗

2.7101 m ^ 1 (6) Table 2. The effects of pipe length at different
As a result, the pump static pressure will be 562.419 Pa. rotation speeds of the pump on collected grain, %
3.2 Calculation the Power Required for Suction Length of pipe RPM
Pump 24000 27000 30000
The power provided to suction to transfer a certain 200 cm 95.33 aA 100 aA 100 aA
amount of air, for the sucker output FANeff the amount 270 cm 85 bB 99.33 aA 98.33 aA
75% or 85% is expressed as the percentage that the 340cm 80 bB 92 aA 94.66 aA
amount of power consumption of suction pump was
Similar lowercase letters in each row, similar uppercase letters in each
obtained about 7 (Bleier, 1997):
column represent no significant difference
P_p Q SP 1429.967 W (7)
As a result:
Table 3. The effects of different types of grain at
P_bhp P_p/  1906.622 W (8)
different pump rotation speeds on grain collected, %
3.3 Testing and Evaluation of the Apparatus
Type of grain RPM
The results of variance analysis of the impact of
24000 27000 30000
rotation changes, the pipe length and the type of grain on
Canola 94.66 aA 99 aA 99.33 aA
grain collection and the amount of soil collected is shown
Wheat 86.66 bB 98 aA 98.66 aA
in Table 1.
Soybean 79 bB 94.33 aA 95 aA
Similar lowercase letters in each row, similar uppercase
Table 1. Analysis of variance of the evaluation of the
letters in each column represent no significant difference
grain collectoing machine
Degree
Source of Collect of Collect of 3.3.1 The Grain Collected
of
variance grain (%) soil (g.m ) -2 As shown in table 1 , the percentage of collected grain
freedom
significantly affected by the engine rotation speed, length
RPM 2 338.481** 50948.148**
of the pipe and type of grainpipe. The mutual effect of
Length 2 206.37** 8635.259**
rotation speed with pipe length, rotation speed with grain
Type of 2 154.481** 116.148**
type , grain type with pipepipe length were significant at
grain
1% probability on the percentage of grain collected.
RPM × 4 29.259** 48.592*
Therefore, comparison of the mean through LSD method
Length
and the results are stated in Table 2, 3 and 4.
RPM × 4 32.037** 12.148ns
In the Table 2, the effects of pipe length in pump's
grain
different rotations on the percentage of grain collected
Length × 4 23.925** 13.925ns
have been shown. According to the table, the highest and
grain
lowest percentage of grain collected is 100% and 80%,
Error 8 2.981 9.925
respectively, in the 30000 and 24000 (rpm) and 200 and
** Significant difference at 1% level (p <0.01), * Significant differences
340 cm in the length of the pipe.
at 5% level (p <0.05), ns not significant

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Design and Fabrication… Ehsan Ghajarjazi, Mohsen Azadbakht, Farshid Ghaderi-Far

As shown in Table 2 at the levels 27000 and 30000 rpm, Table 5. Effect of pipe length with grain type on
changes in pipe length are not significant and only at 24000 collected soil, g
rpm level, the pipe length 200 cm is different from the other Length of pipe RPM
pipe lengths in the percentage of grains collected. 24000 27000 30000
It was also observed that when the length of the pipe 200 cm 184 cA
244 bA
329.33 aA
was 200 cm pipe, the rotation of the pump was affected 270 cm 148 cB 197.33 bB 297.33 aB
the percentage of grain collected ineffectively. So 340 cm 121.33 cC 178.66 bC 273.33 aC
regardless of the grain type, the rotation of 27000 rpm and Lowercase letters in each row, uppercase letters in each column
pipe lenth of 200 cm are more appropriate. represent no significant difference
Table 3 shows the grain type effect at different pump
rotation on the percentage of the collected grain. Table 4 shows the effects of different types of grains
According to Table 3, the highest and lowest percentage in the different pipe length on the percentage of the grain
of collected grain were 99.33% and 79%, respectively, at collected. According to Table 4, the highest and lowest
30000 and 24000 (rpm) rotation speed of the pump, with percentage of grain collected is equal to 99.66 % and
the canola and soybean. 81.66 % respectively over the pipe length 200 and 340 cm
As seen in Table 3 at 27000 and 30000 rpm levels, and it was in canola and soy.
changes in the type of grain is not significant and only at the As table 4 shows at the 200 and 270 cm length of the
24000 rpm rotation level canola is different from the other pipe, changes in the type of grain are not significant and
grains, on the percentage of collected grain. It was also only at 340 cm, the soybean is different from the other
observed that canola due to the low weight; the effect of the grains in the percentage of grain collected. It was also
pump rotation is ineffective on the accumulated grain. The observed that at canola and wheat grain effect of the pipe
effect of changes in rpm in soybean and wheat gathered on length on grain collected isn’t significant. The effect of
the percentage of the grain collected is different. So the changes at pipe length in soybean on the percentage of
24000 rpm level for the canola and also to 27000 rpm level grain collected is significant. So, the 270 and 200 cm pipe
is more appropriate for soybean and wheat. length is the same for all grains. But according to the
results presented in Table 2, at 200 cm pipe length more
Table 4. Effect of grain type with pipe length on the grains is collected, therefore, pipe length of 200 cm is
collected grains, % more suitable.
Type of grain Length of pipe (cm) 3.3.2 The Amount of Soil Collected
200 270 340 As Table 1 shows, changes in engine rotation, pipe
aA aA aA
Canola 99.66 98.33 95 length and type of grains are significant at 1% of
aA aA aA
Wheat 98.33 95 90 probability on the amount of soil. Also, the mutual
aA aA bB
Soybean 97.33 89.33 81.66 interaction effect of rotation and pipe length at 5% of
Similar lowercase letters in each row, similar uppercase letters in each probability, on the amount of soil collected has been
column represent no significant difference significant. Therefore, comparison of the mean through
LSD method and the results are stated in Table 5. In Table
5, the effect of pipe length at different engine rotation

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Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 13, No.3 2017

speed have been shown on the amount of soil collected. 340cm are more appropriate.
According to table 5, the highest and lowest soil collected According to the Figure 2, the amount of soil collected
-2
is equal to 329.33 and 121.33 (g m ), respectively, in the at the canola was more than wheat and soybean. And there
30000 and 24000 (rpm) and 200 and 340 cm at length of was no significant difference between the amounts of the
the pipe. soil collected at the wheat and soybean. This is for two
As shown in Table 5 at each level of the pump reasons, the first that larger grains can be mixed with the
rotation, by increasing the length of the pipe, the amount soil less than the smaller grains. and the second that device
of soil collected becomes less due to the fact that the less, can transfer constant volume of materials, because the
the soil collected, the easier is the separation of the grain soybean and the wheat is greater, the amount of soil is less.
from the soil; Therefore, so at the 24000 rpm level and

Fig. 1. The grain collecting machine

1. Power Generator, 2. Air filter, 3. The cyclone filter, 4. Transitional pipes, 5 chassis, 6. Suction pump

Fig. 2. Effect of grain type on the amount of collected soil.

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Design and Fabrication… Ehsan Ghajarjazi, Mohsen Azadbakht, Farshid Ghaderi-Far

4. Conclusion of the pump to collect the grains of canola the level 24000
The obtained static pressure of the machine's suction rpm and the 27000 rpm is more appropriate for soybean and
pump was 562.419 Pa and power 1906.622 W only was used wheat. The 200cm pipe length was because the machine
for suction fan. The power of the generator which can be must collect all the grains that were wasted on the ground,
suitable for the collecting machine must be 2000 W at least. although the amount of soil collected was more, it is possible
. In terms of selecting the length of pipe to collect all three to separate the grains from the collected soil.
types of grains the level 200 cm and considering the rotation

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‫‪Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Volume 13, No.3 2017‬‬

‫ﺗﺻﻣﻳم وﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ آﻻت ﺟﻣﻊ اﻟﺣﺑوب وﺗﻘﻳﻳم ﺑﻌض اﻟﻌواﻣﻝ اﻟراﻣﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺣدﻳد دﻗﺔ اﻟﺧﺳﺎﺋر ﻓﻲ وﻗت اﻟﺣﺻﺎد‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫اﺣﺳﺎن ﻏﺟرﺟﺎزي‪ ،1‬ﻣﺣﺳن ازادﺑﺧت‪ ،1‬ﻓﺎرﺷﻳد ﻏدﻳري ﻓﺎر‬

‫ﻣﻠﺧـص‬

‫ﺗﻬدف ﻫذﻩ اﻟدراﺳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺣدﻳد اﻟﻣﻘدار اﻟدﻗﻳق ﻟﻠﺧﺳﺎﺋر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﺑوب اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻬدر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻟﺧﺳﺎﺋر اﻟﻧﺎﺟﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻋن ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎت اﻟﺣﺻﺎد‪ ،‬وﺗﺻﻣﻳم آﻟﺔ ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻣﻊ اﻟﺣﺑوب اﻟﻣﺣطﻣﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎت اﻟﺣﺻﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺣﻘﻝ‪ .‬وﺟﺎء اﻟﺗﺻﻣﻳم‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس اﻓﺗراﺿﺎت وﺣﺳﺎﺑﺎت ﻣﻌﻳﻧﺔ ﺻﻣﻣت ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎﺳﻬﺎ آﻟﺔ ﺟﻣﻊ اﻟﺣﺑوب وﺗم اﺧﺗﺑﺎرﻫﺎ وﺗﻘﻳﻳﻣﻬﺎ‪ .‬وﺗﺿﻣن اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر‬
‫ﺗﻘﻳﻳم ﺳرﻋﺔ ﻣﺿﺧﺔ ﺷﻔط ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺳﺗوﻳﺎت ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ )‪ (2400 ،2700 ،3000‬دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟدﻗﻳﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬وطوﻝ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻳب اﻟﻧﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺳﺗوﻳﺎت ﻣﺗﺑﺎﻳﻧﺔ )‪ (200 ،340،270‬ﺳم ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻧواع ﻣن اﻟﺣﺑوب ) اﻟﻛﺎﻧوﻻ ‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﻣﺢ‪ ،‬وﻓوﻝ‬
‫اﻟﺻوﻳﺎ (‪ .‬ﺗم ﺗﻛرار ﺟﻣﻳﻊ اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎرات ﻟﻛﻝ ﻣن اﻟﺳرﻋﺎت اﻟﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬وأطواﻝ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻳب اﻟﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻧواع ﻣن اﻟﺣﺑوب ﺛﻼث‬
‫ﻣرات‪ ،‬وﻓﻲ ﻛﻝ ﺗﻛرار ﻛﺎن ﻳﺗم ﻓﺻﻝ اﻟﺣﺑوب ﻋن اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ واﻟﺣﺻوﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ أوزاﻧﻬﺎ‪ .‬أظﻬرت اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ وﺟود ﻓروﻗﺎت ذات دﻻﻻت‬
‫اﺣﺻﺎﺋﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻧوﻳﺔ ﻋﻧد اﻟﻣﺳﺗوى )‪ (%1‬ﺑﻳن ﺟﻣﻳﻊ اﻟﻣﻌﺎﻳﻳر اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗم اﺧﺗﺑﺎرﻫﺎ‪ .‬وﻗد ﻛﺎن طوﻝ اﻷﻧﺑوب )‪ 200‬ﺳم( اﻷﻓﺿﻝ‬
‫أداء ﻣن ﻧﺎﺣﻳﺔ ﺟﻣﻊ اﻟﺣﺑوب ﻋﻧد ﺟﻣﻳﻊ اﻟﺳرﻋﺎت اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ‪ .‬ووﺟدت اﻟدراﺳﺔ أﻳﺿﺎ أﻧﻪ ﻳﻣﻛن ﺟﻣﻊ ﺣﺑوب اﻟﻛﺎﻧوﻻ ﻋﻧد‬ ‫ً‬
‫ﺟﻣﻳﻊ اﻟﺳرﻋﺎت اﻟﻣﺧﺗﺑرة‪ ،‬ﻟﻛن ﺟﻣﻊ ﻛﻝ ﻣن ﺣﺑوب اﻟﻘﻣﺢ وﻓوﻝ اﻟﺻوﻳﺎ ﻳﺣﺗﺎج اﻟﻰ ﺳرﻋﺔ ﻛﺑﻳرة اﺟﻣﺎﻻً )‪ 2700‬أو ‪(3000‬‬
‫دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟدﻗﻳﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت اﻟداﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ‪ ،‬اﻟﺣﺑوب‪ ،‬آﻟﺔ ﺟﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﺧﺳﺎﺋر اﻟﺣﺻﺎد‪.‬‬

‫‪ 1‬ﻗﺳم اﻟﻧظﺎم اﻟﺣﻳوي ﻟﻠﻬﻧدﺳﺔ اﻟﻣﻛﻳﺎﻧﻳﻛﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟورﺟﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوم اﻟزراﻋﻳﺔ واﻟﻣوارد‬
‫اﻟطﺑﻳﻌﻳﺔ‪ ،‬اﻳران‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ﻗﺳم اﻟﻬﻧدﺳﺔ اﻟزراﻋﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟورﺟﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻠوم اﻟزراﻋﻳﺔ واﻟﻣوارد اﻟطﺑﻳﻌﻳﺔ‪ ،‬اﻳران‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺳﺗﻼم اﻟﺑﺣث ‪ 2016/1/6‬وﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻗﺑوﻟﻪ ‪.2016/9/8‬‬

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