Andika Rahmadi Putra 07202241027 PDF
Andika Rahmadi Putra 07202241027 PDF
Andika Rahmadi Putra 07202241027 PDF
A Thesis
BY:
i
DEDICATIONS
Salim.
The last but not least: my dearest partner, Khairiyah Eka Januaristi,
S.S.
v
MOTTO
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrohmanirrohim,
All praise be to Allah SWT for His guidance, blessing, mercy, and grace
without which I would never have finished this thesis. I would like to express my best
1. Dr. Agus Widyantoro, M.A. as my first consultant for sharing his time,
2. All lecturers of English Education Program, who already did their best in every
class I had and all the staffs. God bless you all.
3. Bapak Hj. Budiharto, S.H. and Ibuk Dra. Hj. Anie Amiroh, for their lifetime love,
care, and support. My beloved little sister, Andini Kharisma Firdausi. Uti and
Kakung.
4. Family members of The River View House, Pangestu ‘Je’, Rizky ‘Bajuri’, and
Baim.
5. The big family of PBI B 2007, special thanks to my ‘veteran’ friend, Adi
Rahmadi, and also all of my pals, Dhanang, Tama, Westri, Wulan, and the rest of
them.
6. All of EDSA 2009 Family. Rio, Dewi, Siwi, Okky ‘Hok’, Rika, Suyoko, and
Linda.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER…………………………………………………………………………….. i
APPROVAL………………………………………………………………………… ii
RATIFICATION……………………………………………………………………. iii
DECLARATION……………………………...………………………..................... iv
DEDICATIONS …………………………………………………………................. v
MOTTO……………………………………………………………………............... vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………................. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………................. ix
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………................. xii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study……………………………………….. 1
B. Identification of the Problem…………………………..……….. 3
C. Limitation of the Problem…...………………………….………. 4
D. Formulation of the Problem……...…………………......……… 5
E. Objectives of the Study……………………………….………… 5
F. Significance of the Study …..…………………………………… 6
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b. Picture Series as Media in the Writing Process ........... 22
B. Review of Relevant Studies …...………………….......……....... 27
C. Conceptual Framework …...………………….......……............. 28
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a. Plans for Cycle 2 ….……………...……………………… 68
b. Actions and Observations in Cycle 2 ..………...………… 74
c. Findings and Reflection of Cycle I ………. .....………… 80
d. Summary of Cycle I ………….………...……...………… 85
3. The Result of the Writing Test ….……………...…………... 86
REFERENCES……………………………………………………………….......... 95
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………….......... 96
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USING PICTURE SERIES
TO IMPROVE THE WRITING SKILL ON RECOUNT OF 8TH GRADERS
SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 3 DEPOK
IN THE 2013 – 2014 ACADEMIC YEAR
By:
Andika Rahmadi Putra
NIM. 07202241027
ABSTRACT
This study is aimed at improving the writing skill on recount by using picture
series of 8th graders SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Depok, Yogyakarta in the 2013 – 2014
academic year.
This study is action research. The researcher followed the procedures of
action research stated by Kemmis and Mc. Taggert 1988. The steps in each cycle
consisted of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research was done in
two cycles with two meetings for each cycle. The subjects of this research were 37
students of 8C class of SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Depok, the English teacher of this
class as the collaborator, and the researcher. The data of this research were qualitative
and quantitative. The qualitative data are obtained by conducting interviews and
observations to students and the collaborator. The quantitative data were in the form
of writing scores obtained by conducting pre test and post test.
The findings of the analysis showed that the picture series improved students
writing skill in the following aspects. 1. Students could get more ideas to write their
own text by paying attention to the picture series. 2. Students could enrich their
vocabularies by using the picture series. 3. Students could arrange their sentences
chronologically by following the order of the picture series. 4. Students showed
higher interest in the writing assessments that used picture series as media. The result
of the test showed an improvement on the writing score which are the means of pre
test was 56.2 (Researcher) and 57.8 (Collaborator), to 73.8 (Researcher) and 75.2
(Collaborator) in the post test.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
English can be said as an international vehicle which can be used to rest of the world
(Brewster and Ellies : 2004). It can be seen that in fact that lots of countries use
English as their first or second language. It has no doubt that those countries which
don’t use English as their second or first language still use English as foreign
language, or the mean of communication when they have foreigners come to their
country. (i.e. in Indonesia, when we have a Chinese guest but we cannot speak in
From the example on the previous paragraph, it can be inferred that English is
schools, teaches English to their students. English is also a lesson which is tested in
the National Examination for last grader both in Senior and Junior High School. This
is one of the ways to build students knowledge about worldwide and global
information.
language as a foreign language. It means that students only have this language in
limited area, such as in schools, English courses, or some other places that they rarely
1
In Indonesia, English is commonly taught as one of primary subjects started
on Junior High School. English lesson starts on 7th grader on Junior High School and
it continuous until 12th grader on Senior High School. It is also applied in SMP
Muhammadiyah 3 Depok junior high school which teaches English to students started
from 7th grader (1st grader of Junior High School) until 9th grader (3rd grader of Junior
High School).
The English classroom activities contain four main skills in English. The
activities are reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Every skill is related one to
another. Generally, the skills of English are related in the following order: reading
relates to writing meanwhile listening relates to speaking. In fact, all of the skills have
important role for students in language acquisition. Generally, it can be inferred that
students get language input by reading and listening, and produce the language by
Reading and writing skills cannot be separated from the language classroom
students need to read materials in the target language so that they can produce
something after read the material. Writing skills follow up the previous skill, and
taught by giving students vocabularies and grammars so that they can make writing
Textbooks are used in the teaching and learning process to help students as
the main source of study. The curriculum applied in the process is 2008 curriculum
which has some genres of texts. There are narrative, recount, procedure, report, and
2
descriptive text. The genres are divided into some chapters with different themes (i.e.
not an easy thing to do. Most of them had very limited vocabulary. This condition
would be a big barrier for them to produce writing products easily. The condition was
even worse because there were less than 5 students from the total 37 members of that
class who brought the dictionary during English lesson. This condition showed that
Students also found difficulties in gathering ideas for their writing task even
though they are only asked to make a simple paragraph about what they did on
previous day. It made them wrote very little amount of sentences in their text. They
also spent long time to gather ideas for a very simple writing.
Their writing skills are not practiced well since they did not provide
themselves a dictionary. In the other case, they did the writing homework from the
teacher just right before the class started, by copying from their friends. Most of them
and ideas to make them able to make writing products. In this assessment, every task
given by teacher requires something that can provide vocabularies and ideas that
students need. It makes students think that writing tasks are easier to do. That’s why
students need a media which helps them to master vocabularies and building their
3
writing ideas at the same time by clear and real depiction of what happened in the
text. So they can make good writing products easier with various vocabularies, more
In this research, the researcher focuses on using media in English teaching and
learning process. The media were used to activate the students. The elaboration of the
word activate is students can use the language as freely and communicatively as they
can (Harmer 26:2008). So it was necessary for them to have the media which can
show the concrete example. In the teaching and learning process, the researcher
would use series of photographs. This media was used for helping students to gather
as many ideas as they can. In the same time, students also could get new vocabularies
easily. After they had already gathered their ideas in the form of words and sentences,
the media would also help them in constructing their sentences chronologically.
construct the ideas. In every picture, there would be some details which could be seen
such as characters, activities, and setting. They would help students to learn words
related to the pictures in the form of noun, verb, and so on. Meanwhile, teacher also
gave the supporting materials such as tenses, conjunction, adverb of time, and so on.
Students on 8th graders were chosen to be the subjects of the research because
of some reasons. The first one, they considered to be medium learner. They were on
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the age of 14 – 15 years old. The second one, the curriculum used genres of texts to
make writing products. So it was easier to give them to produce thematic writing
products.
1. How can picture series be used to improve students writing skill on recount by
2. How can picture series be used to improve students writing skill on recount by
helping them to get new vocabularies when it is applied as media in the writing
process?
3. How can picture series be used to improve students writing skill on recount by
The objectives of this study are related to the problem formulation. The
helping them to get new vocabularies when it is applied as media in the writing
process.
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3. To observe how picture series improved students writing skill on recount by
1. To provide easier way of gathering ideas to obtain words to write recount text.
The study had an objective to help students to gather ideas by paying attention to
series of pictures as media in the writing process. The picture series were
expected to help students to write their recount text faster so they can maximize it
2. To improve students writing skill in recount text by providing media in the form
of picture series so that they could get new vocabularies from their idea. At the
same time they could get better understanding while they were trying to get new
vocabularies derived from the details in the pictures, not only by remembering the
chronological order. The series of pictures were set based on the time order, event
by event, so the risk of jumping ideas and incorrect writing order could be
minimized.
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CHAPTER II
A. Literature Review
This study aimed to report the result of using pictures series as media in
teaching recount texts, focused on making writing products. There are some aspects
which are needed to be elaborated to build clear understanding of this study. This
study will make the correlation of teaching writing in EFL class to the use of series of
pictures as media in teaching recount text. By the end of the study, it will show the
result of the study so teacher can use this media in his EFL Class.
a. Teaching Writing
Mc. Donald, et al. (2002: 47) stated that writing is one of four main skills in
English. It is one of the ways to produce a language. By doing writing, students can
express their ideas in form of words and sentences. We can also say that writing is
writing text, ideas play a big role as the starting point of the steps.
According to Brown (2001: 34), writing is the very process of putting ideas
down on paper to transform thoughts into words, to sharpen your main ideas, to give
them structure of coherent organization. While converting ideas from brain into
written form, teacher has to make sure all of his students pass the criteria of good
writing.
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Harmer (2007: 11) stated that teaching writing for students can be started by
encouraging students to think what they want to write on their paper. The activity can
groups. It also can be done in the form of guided tasks in which several questions can
Brewster et al. (2004: 117) stated that writing activities can be easily divided into two
sets. The first one is what we call as learning to write. In this stage, the writing
activities will be done in beginner level. Some activities in this type involved mostly
The previous writing activities can be done to a beginner writer. For students
who have already passed them, writing activities can be continued to ‘writing to
learn’. These writing activities are suitable for 8th graders who already got English
lesson for at least 1 year at the previous class (7th grade). Writing activities in this
stage may have less tight control, moving to much freer or even creative writing
which has higher cognitive demands and a greater focus on meaning and writer’s
personal expression. The writing activities for students are done in a set of processes
The process of writing activities is explained by Means and Lindner (1998: 3).
The role of gathering ideas is so important for students while they are starting to
write. They can obtain ideas maximally if they could understand some elements that
8
come together while making good writing ideas. The elements of writing ideas can be
From the figure above, Means and Lindner explain that a subject is not
enough to build maximum ideas. Students need to imagine more than the subject
itself. They need other ideas that have relationship to it. The ideas can be in the form
of their comments toward the subject. Other ideas can be the setting of time and
place, shape, colours, and so on. All information related to the subject is needed to be
Means and Lindner also stated that there are some steps in writing process.
They are deciding what to write about, planning, getting the word to flow on paper,
then continued by editing/Gathering ideas is the very first chapter which is needed to
be taken. In gathering ideas, knowing the genre is an important thing for students. It
will influence the way of obtaining their ideas and select them to fit the writing
purpose of the genre. It can be inferred, as the starting point of writing process,
getting abundance of ideas will make students easier to write their text. Furthermore,
9
Almost similar to Means and Lindner, Harmer (2004: 4-6) states four steps of
writing. They are planning, drafting, editing, and final draft. Planning means the
writer starts the writing process by selecting the theme or what the writer want to say.
This step strongly relates to the writer’s ideas in his head. They can write down their
ideas on a sheet of paper. In his explanation, Harmer noticed that writers need to
consider some aspects which is related to writing by genre. The aspects are:
2. Audience. This aspect will differ on the language choice based on the target
readers.
3. Content structure. This aspect relates to the way of stating the ideas in good
sequence.
writing the base of the writing product. This base of writing is considered to be fixed
or edited in the next step. A theme may results in some drafts which are possible to be
continued into the next step which is editing. In editing process, the author can ask
for reflection from other writers then do some revision on the writing product. This
step can be done in more than once because the correction may be various, from the
ambiguity of several words, ideas order, or in the form of vivid errors and mistakes
The result of editing process is called final draft which is going to be the final
product of the whole writing process. However, steps in writing process are not
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always in the order of planning, drafting, editing, and final drafting. Each step relates
From the figure above, Harmer explained that every step in the wheel can be
done in more than once. For example, after selecting the theme so that the writer
already made a draft, they may change their mind so they start from the planning
again. However, planning is still being the first step of the writing process because in
Writing activities produce writing products. To measure how good the writing
product is, Harmer (2001: 28) states that a good writing has to pass some criteria.
information.
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e. Decide on the information for each paragraph, and the order the
paragraphs should go in
The measurement level can be different on some grades. Writing products in beginner
Meanwhile, Broughton, et al. (2003: 119) stated that the good writing task
should fulfill some criteria. Firstly, it can help students to understand their composing
process. This step is very important to build students’ basic understanding in the text
that is asked to be written. Then, it also gives chance for students to discover what
they want to say as they write. In this process, the role of stimulator to expand their
ideas is very necessary. Meanwhile, one of the goals of writing program is to train
effectively since writing assessment needs more natural activity with context.
Brewster, et al. (2004: 117) stated that writing activities, which are productive
activities (similar to speaking activities) have some demands which can be briefly
divided into two. Firstly, these activities are related to ‘choosing the right language’.
It covers the word selection and also grammar using. Secondly, they are related to
12
Meanwhile, Anderson (2003: 92) presents his scoring rubric of writing
Indonesia, so it means that the area of using this language is still limited. For
students, this language is rarely used outside their school, except in their English
13
class. Teaching English as foreign language is generally taken as a method to teach
learners. They have been learned English for at least a year in the previous class.
After the previous year, many students will have mastered some more basic skills in
writing and should be encouraged to produce writing for a specific context but still in
the term of practicing stage. This is very important to help them produce more
Brewster, et al. (2003: 123) stated that writing assessments for students in this
stage can be done by guided copying task at the sentence level and above. The tasks
can be supported by the use of support frameworks and graphic organizers such as
pictures, written models, thick charts, flow charts, grids, and so on.
Therefore, the teacher should pay attention to the level of students in giving
writing assessments for them through these following ways, so it is suitable to the
3. He can provide guidance on the final form of the written work, for
5. He can allow cross – checking between the draft stage and the writing of
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6. He can limit the complexity of the writing task itself.
Derived from the previous statements that teacher should set the writing task
to fit students’ level, teachers can make a proper writing assessment of recount to
their students. Based on the students’ level of English mastery in 8th graders of junior
high school, the writing task should be in simple result, low word complexity, and
1. By the whole class, with the teacher or a student drafting on the blackboard.
2. In groups – each member of the group writes the agreed version sentence by
sentence.
Nation (2009: 127) stated that writing tasks can be done in several methods.
One of them is based on the types of texts. Using text types is most suited to learners
who are of at least on intermediate level. This method will help them to select deas
There are two types of texts in Kurikulum Bahasa Inggris untuk SMP,
letters, advertisements, memo, and short message. Meanwhile the non functional texts
15
for Junior High School are in the form of narrative, recount, descriptive, report, and
procedure.
Genres of texts are used to help student to produce writing products easier.
Genres of text also help students to select their topic to write and get the real example
in real life. It is important for them so learners should bring experience and
knowledge to their writing. Writing is most likely to be successful and meaningful for
the learners if they are well prepared for what they are going to write. This
preparation can be done through the choice of topic (Nation 2009: 93).
In his Journal, Ken Hyland (2003: 18) stated that genres are socially
recognized ways of using the language. Genre based text teaching involves being
explicit about how texts are grammatically patterned, but grammar is integrated into
all sentences, goal, and contexts of the text rather than taught as a ‘standing-alone’
component. Every genre, or text type, has its’ own grammatical features. For
example, recount and narrative use past tenses, descriptive and report usually use
present tenses. This helps students in some benefits. The benefits are not only to see
how grammar and vocabulary choices create meanings, but also to understand how
language itself works, acquiring a way to talk about the theme and its role in texts. By
those benefits, students will directly use the grammar in a meaningful way by
implementing it in the text. The context and the purpose of the text genre will help
them to acknowledge the language better than separating the text genre from writing
activities.
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Johns and Davies in Stern (1983: 220-223) (1983) described 12 topic types
which are used in making writing products. Some topics are more commonly found in
1. Characteristics
2. Physical structure
3. Instruction
4. Process
17
Where and when does each stage occur?
5. State/situation
What happened?
6. Principle
7. Theory
How is it tested?
18
What is the significance of the results?
From the topic list in the previous explanation, a recount text has some topics
in number 5, state and situation. A recount text is considered as a genre which tells a
past experience of the writer or someone else. The topic of the texts can be holiday
experience, an unforgettable day, a journey to a place, and other topics which are in
one scope of past experience area. This text type is taught in the first semester of 8th
Anderson and Anderson (1997: 39-50) stated that a recount is a piece of text
that retells past events, usually in the order in which they occurred to. Its purpose is to
provide the audience with a description of what occurred and when it occurred.
Sometimes students want to tell others about something happened in their lives or
maybe the experience from someone they knew. Speaking or writing about past
Recount text is more than just arranging a sequence of events in order. There
are other writing considerations which must be counted such as the function of the
text, the structure of the text, and the language features of the text. Since the activities
and events happened in the past, it means that students need to learn about past
tenses. To join the sentences, students also need to learn about conjunctions to make
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Priyana, et al. (2008: 69) stated that a recount text is a text which tells “what
happened”. The purpose of this text is to document a series of events and evaluate
their significance in some ways. This text is focused on a sequence of events that
relates to the occasions and also expressions of attitudes and feelings from the
characters. The characteristics of recount text can be seen in the following table.
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Meanwhile, Anderson and Anderson stated that a recount text usually has
three main sections. The first paragraph gives background information about who,
paragraphs that retell the events in the order in which they happened. Some recounts
- Descriptive words to give details about who, what, when, where, and how.
- Words that show the order of the events (for example, first, next, then)
Table 2.3. The three-part recount scaffold by Anderson and Anderson (1997)
Step 1 Introductory paragraph that tells who, what, where, and when.
Step 3 A conclusion.
Step 1 Introductory paragraph that tells who, what, where, and when.
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Models of recount text that can be seen in previous tables show:
a. the first paragraph that gives background information about who, what, where,
b. a series of paragraphs that retell events in order in which they have already
Media are used in the teaching and learning process as an aid for teaching
understanding target language. It can give real example of vocabularies (noun, verb,
adjective, adverbs) and also context of the utterance that students should make.
Smaldino, et al. (2004: 9) stated that the word ‘medium’ comes from a Latin
word which means ‘between’. It means that a medium brings something to deliver
from the resource to the receiver. There is information carried by a medium so that
the receivers get something in their minds. Furthermore, media do not only merely
can give any information that might be needed. Media can also be a means to
communicate between or among those who use the media. Media can help people to
communicate their ideas. In the case of teaching and learning process media can be
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b. Picture Series as Media in the Writing Process
As presented in the previous subchapter, writing process needs media that can
help students to make good writing product. Picture series can be used as media in
ELT process.
There are three major points which can be used to learn language in actuality.
By this elaboration, it can be concluded that pictures can help students to master a
target language easier (Landmarks and Horizon 2002:49). Pictures help students to
learn English in ‘iconic’ point. They can learn languages by getting depiction from
As stated in the previous subchapter, media are used for helping students in
the target language acquisition. Harmer (2004:12) stated that students, of course they
have many kinds of obstacles in learning language skills. The number of obstacles
depends on their own ability to use the target language. One of the processes in the
avoid the process trap. It is the problem of process writing that it takes time. It is
caused by over planning which can take up too much time. Picture series can help
students to plan what they want to write systematically in chronological order based
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Meanwhile, Wright (2004: 5-7) stated that pictures can be used by students
whatever the emphasis of the syllabus they are following is. Pictures can be used as
1. Structures.
2. Vocabulary.
3. Functions.
4. Situations
Skills use the combination of number 1 until number 4. In this study, for example, the
skill being improved is writing. In writing class, students also learned how to use
experience, and understand the situation from events by looking to the pictures.
By using pictures, the teacher can apply 2 methods in his class. The first is
deduce, differentiate, account for, interpret, evaluate, verify, and convince. These
challenges are considered flexible to be used in all skills of language. The other
method is called ‘opportunities’. It means that the teacher gives them an opportunity
1. Pictures can motivate the student and make him or her want to pay attention and
want to take part. This means using pictures can gain students’ interest to the
material brought by their teacher. Motivating students will also give good result
24
in class participation in gaining their frequency to express their ideas from
2. Pictures contribute to the context in which the language is being used. They bring
the world into the classroom (a street scene or a particular object). Pictures play
big role in supplying ideas to students mind because the world is depicted clearly
through pictures. This clear depiction brings language context to students because
they also can see the situation when the language can be use, the participants, and
pictures, a controlled practice through guided task can be a good choice for
teacher.
discussion, and storytelling. Ideas in form of words can be obtained from pictures.
After students got their ideas, teacher can guide students to use their words in
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In addition, it is stated in sub chapter A.1.b point 3, pictures can be a
preparation for students to make writing products. Pictures can provide not only
vocabularies but also authentic context in which students can use it to construct their
ideas.
opportunities to produce their text. The opportunities given by pictures in writing are
so they can write their ideas from the picture in the range of opinion. For
example, if objects in the pictures are jobs, students can express their ideas about
the payment of the job whether it is well paid or not, whether it is outdoor or
students’ memories about past experiences and their feelings about them. The
ideas are obtained by saying what the experience is, their feeling whether it is bad
or god, and also the implication for their future after learning from past
experience.
pictures, students can make some speculations about the information related to the
object. If the object is people, the information can be about age, family
background feeling, and other speculation about the people. When a thing is used
as an object in the picture, students can speculate about the use of the thing, the
26
price, the belongings, and any other speculations in the range of the picture. A
teacher must not have any fixed interpretation of the pictures so that students will
4. Opportunities to express and debate opinions. Since every student may have
different opinions toward a picture, teacher can facilitate them to conduct debate
to get ideas to write. Every student can enrich each other ideas by conducting
debates.
going to happen after the event, the cause of the event, can be dramatized. Every
Stern (1983: 467-468) stated that using picture series as media is also included
to audiovisual teaching method which has already started since 1961. In this method,
picture series (visual image) and spoken utterance (from teacher’s explanation)
complement each other and constitute jointly a semantic unit which can be used to
write a text. By using picture series as media, the visual presentation from them is
used to stimulate the social context in which language is used. So we can also
conclude that the visual presentation in the form of picture series can stimulate
Grader Students’ Ability to Write Recount Texts at SMK Abdi Negara Muntilan’
27
shows that picture series can be good media to use in ELT process. From the
result of the research, students can elevate their ability in making recount text
Recent Texts by Using Picture Series for The Eight Grade Students in SMP 1
Seyegan’. The result showed that there was an improvement because of the
media.
SMA N 1 Prambanan by Using Picture Series’. From the result of the research,
3. Conceptual Framework
skills have been explored in the previous section. In this section, a conceptual
specialized skills on how to generate ideas, how to organize them coherently, how to
use discourse markers and rhetorical conventions to put them cohesively into a
written text, how to revise the text for clearer meaning, how to edit the text for
appropriate grammar, and how to produce a final product. That is why writing is
considered as one of the most difficult productive skills that require specialized skills
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In fact, based on the observation at SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Depok, there were
some problems that are found in writing skills. The first one was about expressing
ideas. The students at SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Depok had difficulties to express their
ideas in writing something. The second one was about vocabulary. The students at
SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Depok had limited vocabulary. That was why they got
difficulties to express their ideas in writing. It was not surprising if the students found
difficulties in mastering the writing skill. Teachers should find the effective ways of
teaching writing.
Therefore, using series of pictures was a good technique that can be used to
teach writing at SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Depok especially in class VIII C. The use of
the series of pictures was expected to help the students express and organize their
ideas into a good text. Besides, it was also expected that using series of pictures in the
teaching-learning process could make the students comfortable to learn writing, and it
did not spend a lot of time to work on it. The implementation of an appropriate
teaching technique was very essential in determining the success of the teaching-
learning process. In this case, using series of pictures could make the students arrange
a text easily.
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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODS
A. Research Design
This research was action research. Taylor (2000: 12) stated that it means the
action in the English classroom activity was done by using series of pictures as
media. It was done by carefully collecting data to diagnose problems, searching for
solutions, taking actions on promising possibilities and monitoring whether and how
because the main goal of this study was to investigate practice critically and to work
towards changing it within the context of situation of the teaching situation. It did not
mean that quantitative doesn’t give any relevant result to the research. In some terms,
The research was done in cycles by some steps in every cycle. Kemmis and
Mc Taggart state that there are the four steps in action research. They are planning,
action, observation, and reflection. According to Kemmis and McTaggart (1988), the
30
Figure 3.1. The cycle of action research.
solutions, implemented the actions, and reflected on the outcome of the action. These
steps were done in two cycles in order to find the convincing result.
Kuhne and Quigley (1997) stated that there are three phases in the action
31
This study was using observational action research technique. It means
that in the research, researcher did the observation as the mainstay of the action
research. It enables researcher to document and report all classrooms activities and
events as they really occurred in fact rather than as we think they occurred (Burns
1999: 80). And also in the process, the researcher would use a collaborator who was
However, this school was different by state school because they have more lessons
than state schools do. This condition happened because there were some Islam
lessons which were taught to students. The other difference in this school was all
female students have to use hijab (veil). The classroom activities were started by
praying in Islamic way. This school was also a full day school so the school period
The amount of students in each class was 34 until 37. The class arrangement
was in basic pair work setting class. There were tables with two chairs each. Boys sat
with boys so did the girls. There was a big whiteboard in each class. LCD projector
The writing skill teaching and learning process was done by explaining
materials, and assessments were given by doing grammar exercise and making
writing products based on the theme and text genres in each chapter. The teacher took
32
the task from textbook. Most of the tasks were in the form of close test, arranging
sentences or paragraph, and thematic free writing. Beside of textbooks, the teacher
also gave writing task by LKS. The writing assessments were done in school and also
taken to be homework. English lesson got 5 lesson hours in a week. The duration of
The subject of the research was 8th graders. The teacher recommended 8 C as
the subject. The population of this class consisted of 20 male students and 17 females.
From the observation, the researcher could get some information of field
condition. Students had low level of English and they were not used to English class
situation. The explanation should be repeated in Bahasa Indonesia. Students also had
low motivation in the English class. They gave little attention to their teacher while
he was explaining the material. Most of them also did not provide themselves with
The data collection technique was done in 2 ways, test and non-test. So there
would be 2 types of data, qualitative and quantitative data. The quantitative data was
possessed from several tests. Meanwhile, the qualitative data was derived from non-
33
The tests were done several times, pre-test, at the end of cycle 1, at the end of
cycle 2, and post-test. Student marks were quantitative data which were going to be
E. Instruments
Doing action research means researcher needed some instruments from the
research. There were some instruments used, observation sheet and interview
guideline. The researcher also planned to take field notes and pictures of the research.
This research was done by doing observation in the very first step. By doing
observation, the researcher could plan the action that would be done in the research. It
The next step was doing pre test to measure the level of students writing
product from their score. After knowing their level, the researcher would start cycle 1
by planning action that is going to be done in the class. After making the lesson plan,
the material, and media, the researcher did the action by implementing the planned
action. After doing the action, the researcher would do observation towards the action
by doing interview to students. After doing observation in the action phase, the
researcher continued cycle one by doing test as the reflection phase. After doing the
34
test, researcher would do observation again by doing interview to students as the
After students had finished with the cycle 1, the researcher would prepare to
do cycle 2 with same phases that held in cycle 1. The data withdrawn from both
The data were analyzed from the field notes, questionnaires, and the interview
transcripts collected during the research. The data were analyzed based on the
To explore and find out information about the real situation of the teaching
and learning process, the researcher did the reconnaissance step on October, 2013. In
the reconnaissance step, some activities were conducted. The activities were
observing the teaching and learning process, interviewing some students of VIII C
and the English teacher, and having discussion with the English teacher as the
collaborator.
Based on the observations, the interview, and the discussions, the existing
problems were classified. The problem in the research was the low writing skill
affected by the writing blocks. The writing blocks are caused by low mastery from
students about basic information .of recount text. They also found some problems in
gathering ideas because there was no media used in the writing assignment from their
35
teacher. They also had low number of vocabulary so that they could not write
adequate number of sentences to make a complete recount text. Another problem was
2. Planning
Together with the English teacher, the researcher designed some plans to be
implemented in the action research. In this step, some techniques that were
b. Building better comprehension on recount text for students in VIII C so that they
The action plans agreed by the involved members of the research were
implemented. They were implemented in two cycles. Before the cycles were
conducted, the researcher gave a pre test to the students to understand the students’
writing skill. After the cycles were conducted, the researcher gave a post test to the
students to measure the enhancement of students’ writing skill. The text type that
would be used in the English teaching and learning process was recount text.
36
Together with the English teacher as the collaborator, the researcher would observe
and record the students’ reactions during the activities and did the interview with
some students of VIII C class after the English lesson. Based on the observation, field
notes, and interview, the involved members discussed the implemented actions and
4. Reflection
The reflection would be done every time after the implementation of the
actions. The successful actions would be continued in the next teaching and learning
process, but the unsuccessful actions were modified into the ones that were more
suitable.
37
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDINGS
This chapter presents the result of the research which has been done. All of
findings from the research are reported in this chapter by concluding them into 3
parts. The first one is the sharpening of the problems, then the implementation of
actions and discussions, and the last is the result of the speaking test. In this chapter,
researcher is going to explain how using picture series improved the students writing
skill.
Kemmis and Mc. Taggart. Since this research was an observational action research, it
1. Reconnaisance
2013. He came to the 8C class. The observation was held to get the real condition so
that the researcher could get information about problems which happened in the class
especially in writing recount text. The observation was held by monitoring the
teaching and learning activities conducted by the English teacher. The researcher also
interviewed some students and the English teacher to collect problems from the real
condition of the class. Problems found from the observation can be seen in the next
table.
38
2. Identification of Field Problems
in the classroom and also doing interview to students and the English teacher, the
researcher could identify some problems which occurred in recount text writing in
VIII C class of SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Depok. Some of the problems were caused by
students, else were from the teacher. To make them easier to be analyzed, the
2. Students had low mastery in - almost all students kept on asking the
vocabulary. teacher for translation while doing task.
- While making writing product, they
could not say their ideas in English.
- Students always asked to the teacher for
word translation.
3. Students were not got used to - The teacher should translate his
English classroom. explanation to Bahasa Indonesia every
time he finished a sentence.
- Students used 100% Bahasa Indonesia
or Javanese to do communication to
their friends in English class.
- Students only understood very simple
command such as ‘sit down, please’ and
‘please open your book page 29’.
(continued)
39
(continued)
5. Students could not build - They spent around more than 20 minutes to
their ideas to write in gather the ideas for simple writing product.
English. - They kept on asking to ET what else they
should write in their text, or asking to their
friend.
- Some of them did not write anything after
spending almost 20 minutes to write a recount
text.
- Students could not imagine how an event in
their experience occur, the situation of the
place, the detail information from their
experience such as things they could see when
they were doing the activities in their
experience.
6. The writing task had low - The teacher rarely used media to teach writing.
variation. - Students think that the writing task is
uninteresting.
- Mostly teacher took the writing tasks only from
LKS or text book which made students bored
because the command was only ‘please write
your own recount text’
7. Students could not use - All students did not know how to use verb in
simple past tense simple past tense.
properly. - Students have very limited memory of past
verbs.
- They use V-ing in simple past tense as the
main verb.
- Students made incomplete sentences. many
times they only used adverb of place as on
sentence.
(continued)
40
(continued)
8. Students did not get used of using - They did not use any conjunction
conjunctions. except ‘and’.
- They could not make any
chronological order by using
conjunctions to show time order.
9. Some students were not familiar to - Those especially who kept on talking
recount text. did not know what recount text is, the
purpose, and the generic structure.
- They only said that recount text is only
about holiday.
- They did not know that recount text
also could be used to tell someone’s
interesting experience, whether it is
good, bad, mysterious, or funny
experience
10. Students did not practice their - Although teacher had already given
writing skill enough. them writing task, they did it 5 until 10
minutes before the due time.
- They did the homework just right
before the class started.
- Writing tasks should be given
minimum amount of sentences unless
students will make it very short.
From the table, we can see many problems which happened in the teaching
and learning activities, especially during teaching recount. The problems in the class
were varied and caused by many reasons such as uninteresting writing task, low
motivation and attention from students, and also the lack of knowledge of the target
text. In this research, the researcher had selected some problems which were crucial
and had relationship to the writing of recount. The selected problems can be seen in
41
Table 4.2 Problems found related to writing skill
42
3. Research Problems
After doing the observation, the researcher and the English teacher did a
discussion to solve the problem which had been found in the class. Problems related
to writing skill are selected to be solved in the research. Students in VIII C of SMP
condition can be seen from some conditions in the class which showed some causes
that proved.
The difficulty in gathering ideas was one of the proofs. Students needed more
than 20 minutes to gather their ideas in simple writing assessment. This weakness
blocked students to work on their assessment so they chose to stop writing then
chatted to their friends. Boundaries in gathering ideas are about no aids in building
the idea, the incomplete memory of details about their experience, and also their
idleness to browse ideas by maximizing their ability. If they could not tell their own
experience, they were already permitted to tell about their friend’s experience. In fact,
this chance did not give better condition. Most of students just stopped writing
whenever they already spent their ideas in one simple paragraph consisted of 3 to 4
short sentences. Those who could build moderate ideas were stuck because of the
Not only in students with less effort in gathering ideas, but also in those who
had worked hard in collecting their piles of experience memories, the low mastery in
vocabulary also hindered students to write their recount text. They kept on asking to
their teacher for the translation. In fact, this problem could be anticipated by
43
consulting to dictionary. Unfortunately, they did not provide themselves with
dictionary because they motivation in English class tended to be low. They were also
reluctant to memorize every single word that mentioned by their teacher. In this case,
the media which can bridge their lack in vocabularies and getting new words without
Other problem was students were not interested in the type of writing
assignment given by their teacher. From the interview to students, this phenomenon
happened because of the less variation of writing assessments given to them, which
did not provide them with media to guide writing their text. Their teacher only asked
them to do some writing assessments that were taken from some text books or
students work sheet with no existence of media or anything that could help students
to make their writing products, instead of very simple command like ‘please make a
Students also did not master the recount text well. It can be seen when they
were interviewed, they said wrong explanation about the writing purpose, generic
structure, and also language feature of the recount text. Students in 8 C class of SMP
Muhammadiyah 3 Depok said in the interview that recount text was only used to
retell someone’s holiday experience. This incomplete understanding about the writing
purpose limited their ideas to be written. This was an obstacle for those who did not
have something interesting during their past holiday. In fact, the purpose of writing
recount text did not stop in the topic about holiday but other past experience.
44
Not only the purpose of writing this text, students also did not understand well
the generic structure of recount text. They did not know even how to start writing a
recount text, moreover, to continue to write longer recount text. In the interview, they
could not mention the parts of recount text. Having no understanding in the parts in
the text, of course they did not know the function of each part. This affected their
writing ability because if they did not understand the function of every part in the
recount text they would get confused in gathering the idea and expressed them in a
writing product. This, of course, made them to keep on asking ‘What should I write
after this?’.
From the selected problems related to the writing of recount text, the
3. Students got low variation in writing assessments and media to support making it.
After making the list of problems, the researcher and the teacher discussed
about the plan. The result from observation showed that student’s problems in writing
skill needed to be solved by doing some actions. Considering the low variety of the
writing assessments from the English teacher and the lack of media involved in the
process, the researcher offered a solution to use series of pictures to help students to
45
Series of pictures are made of some photographs which are taken from real
experiences of some people. By using photographs from real characters and places,
researcher expected that students could get real example from real objects so that they
could get more ideas better than using comic strips or handmade cartoon pictures.
Photographs are expected to give clearer condition and better detailed information to
a clear example of what characters in the picture did in their past activities. In each
picture, students could see characters, places, tools, events, which they could set them
as nouns in writing their own text. They also could enrich their ideas by paying
attention to the time which could be seen in the picture and also the feeling of the
characters about their experience. Those two items could be used to add some
adverbs of time and adjectives to the writing products. Verbs to make the sentences
also could be taken by looking to what the characters did in the pictures.
Other result from the observation, which implied that students had difficulties
in knowing the parts of recount text, was tried to be solved by explaining the parts
using pictures that showed the information that was written in the text. Each part of
recount text, for example the orientation, would be explained well through a
photograph that was going to present characters in that text, where they were, what
occasion they were in, when they had the events, and so on. Next, for the events part,
students were going to be given some pictures which would provide them with real
activities done by characters in the text, what they did, what happened along the
46
events, where they got the events, and all of these events would be set
chronologically as they really happened at the previous time. After that, the last
optional part of this text that we can call it ‘the conclusion’ was also going to be
presented even though the existence of this part was not a must. The picture which
was going to be the media for this past would show how the characters felt about their
experience.
So after the actions ended, the researcher expected that students will get into
these conditions.
making it.
5. Action Plans
the researcher planned some steps to be done to the class. As the first measurement of
student’s writing skill, a pretest would be conducted first. The score from this text
was going to be used to monitor students’ improvement after the actions ended. The
researcher also could get more information about student’s ability and potency or
problems thoroughly.
47
After having finished with the pretest, the researcher would continue to the
next steps. Firstly, the researcher started his next steps by making a course grid. It
used to list the basic competence, learning objectives, assessments, and also media
Having finished with the course grid, the researcher considered that actions to
this class would be done in 2 cycles. There were two topics selected in writing the
recount text. The first topic was about holiday experience. The second topic is about
someone’s unlucky experience. This action was expected to give better understanding
for students that a recount text could be used to write not only about their holiday or
Every topic would be delivered in one cycle. In every cycle there would be
two meetings which that meant there would be four meetings for all cycles. The
researcher then continued to prepare the lesson plan for every meeting with different
objectives in each meeting. The first meeting in every cycle had a main objective to
introduce the topic of the recount text to the students. They were also introduced to
new vocabularies which were going to be used in the upcoming task. The generic
structure, purpose of writing, language features of the text would be also explained
Carrying on the first meeting, the second meeting in every cycle was set to let
students to write their recount text through series of pictures. These pictures are
expected to answer their problems in gathering and constructing their ideas. There
48
were also some questions under each picture to stimulate their ideas about the picture.
After that, students are expected to combine their ideas to be a whole recount text.
class. Here, they were given an order to write a recount text based on their
experience. The researcher and the English teacher already planned that there would
not be any assistance in the pretest because it was very important to measure how far
Students are given 30 minutes to write their own recount text. Unfortunately,
their result on the pretest showed writing products which were in very low level.
Based on the result from the pretest, the researcher was going to set some
1. Students were given better enlightenment on recount text about the purpose of
given to students.
49
3. Vocabularies would be introduced and comprehended through pictures.
4. Maximize student’s idea using pictures and constructing them to induce better
recount text.
In this first cycle, the researcher already prepared two texts about holiday. The
first recount text was a text entitled ‘Cave Tubing in Pindul Cave’ which took a
holiday experience from some ladies who had their holiday in Wonosari. The first
text. The text had a medium word variation density to introduce students to new
vocabularies. In the text, there are some pictures which showed the characters, places,
and activities during the holiday. Every part of the recount text structure was also
going to be explained by the pictures. So that students could memorize the structure
better because they could see the ‘real’ example by taking a look to the pictures.
in every detail from information of the text so that they could use the text as the role
model for their upcoming task. Here, the researcher also expected that students might
get as much information as they could by using pictures given, so they would be able
Having finished by the first meeting, the second text was going to be used as
the writing task for students. In this meeting, students would get a new series of
pictures that showed another holiday trip which was done by same characters as the
first meeting but in different places. The task in second meeting was designed to be a
writing assessment assisted by a series of pictures which provided students with much
50
information and many details, which could be easily taken by looking at the pictures.
The series of pictures provided nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs which students
needed to create a recount text. Here, the better they maximized their ideas, the better
Again, pictures were set chronologically based on how it had happened and
followed the structure of recount text so students who had been taught by the function
of every part in the recount text would recognize what they should write by paying
attention to the picture order. This was important to avoid them of kept on
questioning ‘What should I write after this?’. Assistance from the researcher who
took part as a teacher in the action was still needed but it was limited until the level of
Based on the explanation above, the implementation of the actions in the class
1. Students were given better enlightenment on recount text about the purpose of
This action would be done by giving students the text entitled ‘Cave Tubing
in Pindul Cave’. The text was prepared to be completed with pictures and explanation
about the purpose of writing, the generic structure, and some language features of
thoroughly by using picture series. So, students would not only memorize the
51
2. A new variation in writing assessment with series of pictures as media would be
given to students.
students showed less eagerness in the writing tasks because of the monotonous
writing assessments from their teacher. This problem was showed in this following
interview :
R : Tadi kalian bilang kalau kalian bosen dengan tugas writing. Memang
apa yang membuat kalian bosen? You have mentioned that you felt bored
with the writing assessments from your English teacher. So what was
actually the thing that made you bored?
S 1 : Ya habis gitu – gitu thok. Paling ya tugas dari LKS kalo nggak ya buku
paket. They were just so so. They would only tasks from the students
worksheet or English student’s book.
S 2 : Ntar kalo nggak selesai, buat PR. Ya udah. gitu aja. Later if it had not
been finished yet, we would do that for our homework. That was all.
(Interview 1, Question 5)
By doing this step, students would not receive an assessment with only
‘Please write your own recount text about your or someone’s experience!’. They
Some guiding questions were also set to assist them in making the whole text.
This plan was set to solve the obstacle of vocabularies which occurred
whenever students of 8C wanted to create their writing products. Most of them did
not provide themselves with dictionary because of the size and the weight. This
52
R : Tadi juga kalian sempet bilang kalau banyak yang nggak tahu bahasa
Inggrisnya. Kalian nggak punya kamus? You have said that you did not
know the English words (of many Indonesian words). Don’t you have any
dictionary with you?
S 1 : Ada Mister, tapi nggak bawa. Berat soalnya. I have it but I did not
bring it. It’s too heavy.
S 2 : Aku bawa Mister. Tapi tadi dipinjem sama temen. I bring it. But it was
borrowed by my classmate.
(Interview 1, Question 6)
for students to grab many new vocabularies. Firstly they probably needed to consult
to their dictionary but here pictures would help them by providing a real image. They
pictures, they would get more new vocabularies. So, the researcher also expected that
4. Maximizing student’s ideas using pictures and constructing them to induce better
recount text.
The previous explanation already mentioned that ideas from students would
be lured by series of pictures. For example, from a picture, students could get some
ideas about characters, place, time, occasion, weather, and so many others depended
on their finding. In the other picture, they would get activities done by the characters
in the text, and in the last picture students would also see the comment of the
53
To construct their ideas to be a recount text which had correct order, the
series of pictures were set based on the generic structure of recount text. What
students needed to do was only expanding their ideas then joined them with
appropriate conjunctions.
The cycle 1 was started by doing pretest then continued with two meetings for
implementing the actions. The pretest was done on 23rd of October 2013 at 3rd lesson
hour on 08.50 – 09.30 a.m. This pretest was conducted to measure students writing
skill in some criteria such as ideas density in term of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and
adverbs, the amount of sentences, and the grammar appropriateness. Then it was
continued by two meetings which were held on Tuesday, 29th of October 2013 at 1st –
2nd lesson hour on 07.30 – 08.50 a.m. and on Wednesday, 30th of October 2014 at 4th
Actions in the classroom were taken by following the plans which had been
set before. Based on the observation, the researcher had already known that the
students got explanation of the recount text from their previous meeting with the
English teacher. Since the explanation did not result in maximum comprehension to
1. Students were given better enlightenment on recount text about the purpose of
54
This plan was taken mostly in the first meeting. Before using the new text, the
researcher did a warming up session by getting students interest about the recount
text by asking them some oral questions related to their holiday. The researcher
needed to know how well they mention their activities in holiday, and also some
details about what they saw in their holiday. Unfortunately, they could not answer the
When the bell rang ET and R went to the class. ET set his position behind the
class. Unlike the previous meeting R opened the class by asking the class
captain to lead the prayer. Then R checked the attendance. No one was absent
that day. R continued by doing BKOF step, by asking ‘Class, I want to know
about your holiday. Ryandika, where did you go last holiday?’. Then S
(Ryandika) answered ‘What Mis?’. One of his friends helped him to translate
R’s question. ‘Oh, go to Parangtritis! Yes. And Pantai Depok’. ‘What did you
do there?’ ‘What Mis??’ ‘Kamu di sana ngapain aja, and don’t call me Miss.
Call me Mister Popo. Okay?’ ‘Oh okay Mister Popo, I eating fish sama father
and mother’ ‘Okay… I see. Thank you Ryandika. Very nice answer!’ R then
continued to ask some other Ss about their holiday. But for the next 2 Ss, still
no one can answer R’s questions without translation.
(Field note 3)
In the step of BKOF, the researcher also tried to give warming up about
student’s knowledge in the recount text. The questions are in the range of the function
recount text, the generic structure, and the language features of the text.
R continued the warming up session by asking ‘Do you know what is recount
text? Apa sih recount text itu?’. The class remained silent. Then R took the
attendance list then called two of Ss. Both of them answered the same that a
recount text is a text to tell about holiday. R then asked Ss about the parts of
recount text. No one of Ss gave an answer.
(Field note 3)
55
After conducting a warming up session with the students, the researcher
continued to explain the purpose of writing, generic structure, and language features
of recount text by giving them a model of the text. The researcher already prepared a
text entitled “Cave Tubing in Pindul Cave” on a handout to be discussed with the
students. This text was used to be the role model of the text.
After each student got the text, the researcher continued the class by asking
the students to read the text. However in this step, students did many times of
misspelling while the researcher asked them to read the text loudly. Nonetheless the
researcher did not spend many times in this problem since it did not relate to the
writing skill.
Through the new model text, students got explanation on every single part of
recount text. It was really important to enable them to gather their ideas. This step
was conducted by explaining the detail of every part in the text. By explaining every
single detail of the parts students could find the information that they needed in a part
of recount. This was important so students could easily find out the ideas that fit to
the part while they were making their own text. For example, the researcher explained
that recount text had three parts. They were orientation, events, and re-orientation.
After explaining the parts of recount text, the researcher also defined the roles of each
After that, R explained generic structure of recount text by using the picture
series. R concluded the pictures based on the information which could be
derived from every picture. After that, R also explained the function of every
part in recount text by using the picture series. Unfortunately, some Ss kept on
talking while R was explaining the material. (Field note 3)
56
Firstly, the researcher explained the orientation. Researcher explained that as
the opening of the text, this part was used to tell the readers about the characters
involved in the text, the general setting of the place, and the general activities that
was done in the past experience. While explaining the orientation, the researcher said
that students were asked to memorize that this part was the opening of their text; so in
the upcoming tasks, they can start their text by writing the characters involved, the
main activity in their experience, the time, and the place if necessary.
Then the researcher continued to definite the next part, events. After
explaining the meaning of the sentences in this part, the researcher explained that the
function of this part was to retell the happenings which were done by the characters in
the text during their experience. By using model text as the example, students were
defined that the events were written in the chronological order as they had happened.
New nouns such as places might appear in this part. Students also learned how to use
conjunctions to join the sentences. Also here in this part, the researcher explained that
students needed to write what they had done in their experience. They could mention
the detail of the activities, such as what they did firstly in their experience, activities
explaining the last part of recount text, reorientation. Although this part was not
compulsory, the researcher decided to complete the model text with this part because
it was considered to be an important thing for students to get a fully completed text so
they could produce a new text with the reorientation. The researcher then explained
57
the function of this last part which was to show the personal feeling or comment from
the characters towards their experience. In the first cycle, the researcher used a model
text using holiday as the theme to show a happy feeling from the characters about
their holiday. Students were also exemplified how to write their happy feeling about
their good experience. This would be used in the step of making the writing product.
given to students.
writing skill through some writing tasks from the English teacher which were derived
from Students worksheets or English student’s books. In the writing assessment from
the researcher, he provided the task with pictures which explained the story board of
the text.
The assessment type was a semi-guided writing task which provided some
pictures and some questions related to the pictures. The questions stimulated students
Considering that the weakness in making the writing product was the very low
mastery of vocabularies among the students, the researcher tried to solve this barrier
pictures.
This step was taken in the both in the first and the second meeting. After
handing the students with the handouts, the researcher asked students to do a brief
58
overview to the picture series on the handouts. After that, the researcher asked the
students to analyze the pictures and mentioned what they could see in the pictures. By
oral questions and written questions under each picture, the researcher tried to lure
the vocabularies which appeared in the text and also could be used in the text
producing step.
Students were trying to guess in English about the things that they could see
in the pictures. While doing this, the researcher asked the students to consult their
dictionary.
R observed Ss by walking around the class. Most of them got enough ideas to
write the text. Almost all Ss asked R about the translation but R persuade
them to use the dictionary and discuss the words and ideas to their partner.
The situation on the class became so noisy so that R should go around the
class to supervise Ss to write their text. More than half of the class got
troubles in subject and verb arrangement. Ss used verb1 or V-ing to write the
text. They also wrote all subjects together with to be. (they wrote ‘She is take
photo.’ instead of ‘She took a photo.’. R explained again how to use past
tenses and reminded Ss many times to use past verbs.
(Field note 4)
Combining the use of pictures and direct translation from the dictionary, the
researcher expected that the students were able not only to know the meaning of the
4. Maximizing student’s idea using pictures and constructing them to induce better
recount text.
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This step was taken in the second meeting. After the students had already got
the understanding from each part of the recount text in the first meeting, they started
to make their own recount text. The researcher gave new handouts of writing
assessment with pictures series inside. The picture series showed a trip to Borobudur
temple.
In the previous point, it was stated that the researcher tried to lure new
vocabularies from students by asking them to pay attention to the picture series given.
The picture series were also directly used to gather their ideas.
R gave the second worksheet with some pictures to make a recount text
entitled ‘A Trip to Borobudur Temple’. R asked Ss to use the pictures and
some guiding questions under the pictures to help them in gathering ideas. R
also asked Ss to pay attention really carefully so they could get as many ideas
as the picture could provide them. R also stimulated Ss ideas by giving oral
questions so Ss could be more sensitive to the details in the picture series.
(Field note 4)
each picture. The questions here are only used to stimulate student’s idea (not to limit
their imagination towards the pictures). This step also used as the follow up and
The ideas were drawn from the pictures given and also the previous
explanation about parts of recount text. The explanation about parts of the text also
helped students to construct their ideas as shown in the following field note.
Ss got some difficulties to guess the time in the pictures. They still had many
questions about what time the activity happened. They got many ideas from
the pictures but they could not write them in English. The process of gathering
ideas was monitored to be easier than without using pictures. Ss discussed the
pictures each other to get more vocabularies or just cross checking their ideas.
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R asked Ss to remember the generic structure of recount text to help them
worked with the picture series.
(Field note 4)
After they wrote down their ideas on the paper in the form of phrases and
words, the researcher asked them to make sentences based on the ideas they gathered.
The class was monitored to be well conditioned because students were already guided
by pictures and questions under them. Sometimes noises happened but there were
However, this step still found some obstacles. Students got some difficulties
in determining the adverb of time, and also they did not use the sentence connectors
to show the chronology of the events. The researcher then watched over the students
Ss got some difficulties to guess the time in the pictures. They still had many
questions about what time the activity happened. The process of gathering
ideas was monitored to be easier than without using pictures. Ss discussed the
pictures each other to get more vocabularies or just cross checking their ideas.
R asked Ss to remember the generic structure of recount text to help them
worked with the picture series.
After Ss already wrote their ideas, R asked them to join the sentences by using
conjunctions. Ss started to work by using conjunctions. All of instructions
from R should be translated or Ss would not understand them. Ss started to
join their ideas. R reminded Ss to use various conjunctions to prevent them of
using only one conjunction.
(Field note 4)
The result of all the steps taken was a new recount text from students. The
length of the text was about 9 to 11 sentences. The researcher did not ask students to
make it into certain number of paragraphs. They only needed to write their own text
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c. Findings and Reflection of Cycle 1
1. Students were given better enlightenment on recount text about the purpose of
that one of the goals from writing a recount text was to tell their experience about
holiday. In the other hand, the researcher already stated the function of the
recount text was more than the students known before, not only talking about
holidays so there would be no misinterpretation after the researcher gave the first
The better understanding of each part in the recount text resulted in more
information which was derived from the model text. This improvement would
result in more sentences that students could make when they were asked to do the
upcoming task in writing recount text. The improvement can be seen in the
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characters are, where the holiday was. Then the events are stated, what the
characters did. What they brought during the holiday and also what they
ate.
R : Apakah dengan bantuan gambar – gambar tadi, Adik – Adik bisa
memahami bagian dan fungsi teks recount dengan lebih baik. By the
support of the pictures, could you understand the parts and of recount text
and their function better?
S 1 : Kalo kataku sih iya, Mister. Kan Misternya nerangin, kita liat aja
gambarnya sambil ndengerin, udah. Gampang sih kalo pake gambar. I
said yes, Mister. While you were explaining, we just needed to take a look
to the pictures and listened to your explanation, that was it. It was easy if
we used pictures.
S 2 : Aku habis diterangin pakai gambar jadi mudeng Mister. Ntar kalau
ada soal apa suruh bikin teks kaya gitu ya kayanya bisa. After I had the
explanation by using the pictures, I understood. Later on if I have a test to
make that kind of text I guess I can make it.
given to students.
This action resulted in higher interest from the students towards the
students found that the use of pictures in the writing assessments gave them
The improvement as the result of this action can be seen in the following
interview transcript.
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S 2 : Aku sih tertarik Mister. Soale ya gambare itu bagus terus ya tinggal
ngikuitin aja sama urutannya. Nggak kelamaan mikir. I say I am
interested, Mister. I think the pictures are good then we only needed to go
along with the pictures. Don’t need to think too long.
(Interview transcript 3)
The result of doing this action could be monitored since the first meeting. The
role of picture series helped students to recognize new vocabularies and memorized
them well. It was because students not only get the translation of the words by
consulting to their dictionaries, but also they could see the meaning of the words in
the pictures. This improvement can be seen in this following interview transcript.
result in the writing process. Though this improvement could not be separated as they
could gather their ideas better than without having pictures as the media, still,
vocabularies from the models text in the first meeting could be used again in the
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writing process. By this action, students were able to reduce their obstacles about
4. Maximize student’s idea using pictures and constructing them to induce better
recount text.
The role of this action was monitored while conducting the second meeting.
The pictures in the assessments gave students guidance to gather and construct their
ideas easier. From the interview, the researcher could get some information that the
pictures had prevented students from wasting their time while making their recount
text. The real example given by photographs allowed students to collect ideas as
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much as they could gather. The following interview transcript will show how this
As the follow up of the first step which was ‘Students were given better
enlightenment on recount text about the purpose of writing, generic structure, and
language features’, this action helped students to collect ideas which were suitable to
the function of the recount text. They were also able to write proper ideas which
could be written as the parts content of recount text (e.g. characters, place, action
verbs).
The process of constructing the ideas into a whole writing was seen easier.
Some students said that it was easier to do the arranging step of the ideas by using
picture. This benefit could be drawn from the pictures because they already shown the
events in chronologic order. Students only needed to follow the picture order. The
following interview transcript shows the benefit of the pictures series to help students
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R : Apakah tugas dengan gambar - gambar seperti tadi membantu kalian
menyusun ide untuk menulis teks recount? Did the task with pictures like what
you have done help you to construct the ideas while writing recount text?
S 1 : Gampang nyusun idenya Mister kalau pake gambar. Aku sekarang juga
jadi tau kalau menulis itu yang ditulis apa aja. It was easy if we used picture.
Now I have known what I should write whenever I wanted to write.
S 2 : Iya Mister. Karena ada gambarnya aku jadi nggak kelamaan mikir waktu
nyusunnya. Yes Mister. Because of the pictures I did not spend a lot of time to
construct (my ideas).
R : Apakah dengan gambar kalian jadi lebih tertarik untuk mengerjakannya?
By using picture, do you feel more interested in doing the task?
S 1 : Kalo aku iya Mister. Gambarnya bikin lebih menarik jadi nggak bosen. In
my opinion, yes, Mister. The pictures made (the task) more interesting.
S 2 : Aku sih tertarik Mister. Soale ya gambare itu bagus terus ya tinggal
ngikutin aja sama urutannya. I was interested, Mister. The pictures were good
and I only needed to follow the pictures (to construct the ideas)
(Interview transcript 3)
d. Summary of Cycle 1
the following.
a. Students got better enlightenment about function, parts, and language features of
recount text.
b. By using picture series, students could get many ideas to write the recount text in
shorter time.
c. Students were successfully helped by the picture series to construct their ideas.
d. Students could use the picture series as media to help them in recognizing new
vocabularies taken from their own ideas and vocabularies related to the information
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a. Students were monitored to use less variation in using time conjunctions and got
b. In some pictures, students could not imagine or even guess the time of the
activities described in the pictures. They requested for clear time stated in each
After discussing the findings and reflection of cycle one, the researcher
continued to prepare the plan for the second cycle. This cycle was conducted to make
sure that the picture series which were used as media really showed an improvement
Cycle 2 was done in two meetings. In this cycle, researcher planned some
actions which were going to be done. The actions were related to the result and
evaluation of the first cycle. While planning the actions for this cycle, there searcher
also discussed with the English teacher. From the discussion, there were some actions
planned.
2. Implementing the function of recount text parts when they were used to
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4. Fixing the unsuccessful actions in the first cycle to help students in
In the second cycle, the researcher prepared to conduct two meetings with two
different texts. The first meeting was planned to give students the role model of the
text. For the first meeting, the researcher had already prepared a text entitled ‘Bajuri’s
Unlucky Day’ and the picture series of the text which told a bad experience of a man
named Bajuri while he was on his way to his campus. Focusing to introduce the new
theme, the first text was set to give students the new vocabularies and how the parts
in the text play the role in building the whole text. This text had a medium level of
word density. This text consisted of 14 sentences which were divided into four
paragraphs. The story board was selected from a daily life problem, lateness in
attending something very important. The setting and things in the picture series were
selected to represent a real daily problem which could happen to everyone, included
the students. By combining the selected story and picture series, the researcher
expected that students could remember new vocabularies from the text.
The second meeting was set to be the meeting of writing task for the students.
For this meeting, the researcher prepared picture series on a handout which told about
‘Yoko’s Unlucky Day’. The picture series told a bad day of a man named Yoko who
was late for an important appointment. In this meeting, students would be guided by
some questions under each picture which helped them to gather ideas from the
pictures. After that, like what they had done in the first cycle, they were asked to
make a complete recount text based on what had happened in the pictures. The
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picture was taken from a real life story and also the real photographs were expected to
give a complete real situation so that students could derive the ideas from what they
From the explanation above, we can see the detail planning in the following
explanation.
The theme of second cycle, as the real function to retell someone’s past
experience, was different from the theme chosen in the first cycle. If the first cycle
told about holidays, in this cycle, the theme was selected to be unlucky experience
got by the character. This step also conducted to correct the misinterpretation of the
function of recount text which had been said by one of the students that this text is
only used for retelling the past experience about holiday only. By using a text entitled
‘Bajuri’s Unlucky Day’, a new theme of recount text was introduced to students. This
step was very important so that students could use recount text to write about their
unlucky experience. The introduction to the new theme would be assisted by picture
series which described all the information in the text, included the character, location,
things carried by the character, time, and also the personal feeling of him. The
researcher selected the common unlucky experience that were possibly happened to
general people such as flat tyre, being late to attend an important occasion, and failure
in doing something.
2. Implementing the function of recount text parts when they were used to help
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Parts of the recount text, as explained in the first cycle, were orientation,
events, and the last part which was not a must, the re-orientation. Although it had a
different theme from the first cycle, the function of each part did not change. But still,
the re-explanation of each part was assumed to be important step in the second cycle.
This was done to help students to understand the model text and the information in it.
It was also conducted to avoid student’s confusion in correlating the parts of the text
to the information which they might need to write their own recount text.
3. Help students to get more ideas to obtain new vocabularies and constructing them
It was also explained in the first cycle that the main focus of this research was
to help students in gathering ideas and construct them into good recount text. In 2nd
The real depiction of the story was presented in some photographs. The
researcher expected that the interesting pictures and authentic theme would stimulate
student’s ideas so they could lure all information they needed from the pictures. The
full coloured photographs, again, was selected because students could see the events,
characters, places, emotion of the characters, and all of the details like how they could
The pictures were printed on handouts which every student would receive it
one by one from the researcher. Under every picture, there were some guiding
questions. The questions were not used to narrow students’ creativity, but to arouse
their ideas. The ideas then made into sentences by combining the 3rd step. After they
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had collected their ideas in form of sentences, again, the process of students would be
The pictures were set chronologically so that students would need shorter time
to construct the sentences into whole paragraphs then text. Like what 8C students had
done in the first cycle, they only needed to follow the order of the pictures.
4. Fixing the unsuccessful actions in the first cycle to help students in writing their
recount texts.
From the first cycle, the researcher and the English teacher had already
discussed two problems which were stated as the unsuccessful actions. The first
problem was the unclear time in the pictures. The second were the low variation in
using sentence time connectors while combining the sentences and obstacle in
making past tenses. The problems were planned to be conquered as the following
methods.
The media in second cycle were made to avoid the problems which hinder
students from getting ideas about the time. The burden of writing the text caused by
the unclear time can be seen in this following interview transcript which was held
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And also an interview with the English teacher after 2nd meeting of the first
Based on the interview scripts above, the researcher then put the clearer time
the first cycle, all of the pictures were real photographs printed colorfully on the
handout and all of the pictures were set in the chronologic order as they had
happened.
The obstacles related to the low variation of the sentence conjunction and in
making past tenses were reported in the first cycle. The obstacles can be seen in the
The problems above would be solved by reminding students about simple past
tense, and also the use of conjunctions while combining student’s idea into a whole
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recount text. The researcher planned to remind variation of conjunctions that could be
used by students.
The second cycle was started at the upcoming week after the first cycle ended.
The second cycle was conducted in two meetings. Each meeting consisted of two
lesson hours. Each lesson hour consisted of 40 minutes. The first meeting in this
cycle was done on Tuesday, 5th November 2013. The class had English on their 1st
and 2nd lesson hours. The second meeting was done on the following day, Wednesday
6th November 2013. The class had English lesson on the4th and 5th periods.
The cycle was well planned before as shown in the previous subchapter. The
researcher already planned the actions that would be taken with the English teacher.
This action was done in the first meeting of this cycle. The researcher
planned to introduce a new function of recount text. This action had a purpose to
teach students that recount text was not only used to retell a holiday experience but
also a bad or unlucky experience. The researcher expected that by the end of the
class, students would recognize the function of recount text which was explained in
that meeting.
about their unlucky experience. To make the class more communicative, the
researcher asked students to remember about their previous unlucky moments. The
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researcher started by introducing the word ‘UNLUCKY EXPERIENCE’ in front of
Communicative teaching was very important in this class since the researcher
concluded that if the teaching process was done in one way teaching, students would
To build students knowledge of the text field, the researcher then continued to
ask some students about unlucky experiences that they had already got.
Unfortunately, every time the researcher used English in the conversation, students
asked for translation. The process can be seen in the following field note :
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2. Implementing the function of recount text parts when they were used to help
Still in the first meeting, having finished with the BKOF step, the researcher
then distributed handouts to students. In each hand out, there was a model text
entitled ‘Bajuri’s Unlucky Day’. The text would be used as the source of vocabularies
and also to introduce the example of text with theme unlucky experience so that they
When the researcher gave the handouts one by one, students started to show
their interest to the handouts because of the picture series which was set to be the
media of the text. The situation of the class can be seen in this following field note.
After every student had the text on their hand, the researcher asked them to
read the text by directly looking and paying attention to the pictures so that they were
able to recognize the meaning of the story in the text. New vocabularies were also
introduced in this step by asking students to do the following task after the text. The
task was done to ensure students got the meanings of the words in the text.
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Having finished with the vocabulary task, the researcher asked students to re-
memorize the parts of recount text. This process was started by asking students to
look at the table on the first paragraph of the handout. The researcher then continued
to re-memorize students about the function of the parts of recount text. Similar to the
first cycle, this step was very important to help students in gathering ideas as much as
they could if it was combined with the picture series. The use of the media to help
students in understanding the parts of the text and information that they could write in
After making sure that every student had understood the parts of the recount
text, the researcher asked students to answer the questions under pictures on the
second page. Because the pictures were already classified into parts, students were
able to do the task in less than 10 minutes. This task had an objective to warm up
students before they would be asked to write another recount text with different
3. Help students to get more ideas to obtain new vocabularies and constructing them
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After students got a review about parts of the recount text and the functions in
the first meeting, they were given again a new handout with new picture series on it.
The researcher already selected a new story, still in the same theme, about Yoko’s
unlucky day. The picture series showed almost same problems to the first handout.
The problems showed in the handout were the daily phenomenon that
everyone was possible to have them. The new vocabularies introduced in the pictures
were ‘ran out of fuel’, ‘lost the key’, and ‘fired from a job’. Some vocabularies could
be drawn from the first handout such as ‘came late’, ‘pushed the motorcycle’, ‘woke
After every students received the handout, the researcher tried to stimulate
their ideas by using the pictures and let them gather as much ideas as they could. The
R continued by telling Ss the activities that they were going to do that day. R
then gave Ss the new handouts. Some Ss were directly looked to the pictures,
some of them laughed when they had seen the pictures. Some Ss walked
around to talk to their friends about the pictures. The situation of the class
turned to be noisy. R asked Ss to sit down and he continued by asking Ss to
look at the pictures. R introduced the name of the main character in the
picture. Then he continued to ask students about detail information that they
could see in the picture. After discussed 2 pictures, R asked Ss to discuss the
next pictures with their pairs and Ss were given 5 minutes to discuss all of
pictures. R also asked Ss to imagine the time of the events in the picture in the
form of afternoon so that they would not face any problem with the exact time
of the events.
(Field note 5)
By looking to the pictures, students then gather their ideas and they also
conducted discussion with their pairs. After they spent 5 minutes of discussion, the
researcher then asked students to write their ideas under each picture and answered
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the questions to lead their ideas. The researcher asked students to state their ideas
directly in the form of sentences. Unfortunately, there were still some obstacles,
especially in the use of past tenses. The situation of this process can be seen in the
Having finished with the picture discussion, still in pair, R asked Ss to state
their ideas derived from the pictures in the form of sentences. R also directed
students to answer the questions under the pictures to stimulate their ideas. Ss
were given 10 minutes to write their ideas. While Ss were doing the task, R
walked around the class to monitor S’s work. Most of Ss did the task by
themselves, they only discussed it when they did not know the English words.
Some Ss also asked to R about the translation. The amount of the questions
was lower than in the first cycle.
(Field note 5)
After making sure that every student had already stated their ideas, the
researcher then asked students to construct their ideas by following the chronologic
order in the picture series. Then they were instructed to combine the sentences into a
whole paragraph by giving time connectors such as ‘then’, ‘and then’, and ‘after that’.
4. Fixing the unsuccessful actions in the first cycle to help students in writing their
recount texts.
The first unsuccessful action was related to the unclear time of the events in
the picture series. On the first meeting, the time was showed clearly to the students by
showing pictures of clock and a schedule. However, the researcher considered that
dependence to very clearly stated time was not good for students while gathering their
ideas. The researcher then asked students to guess the time of the events based on
their own capture while seeing the events in the picture series.
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Unfortunately, there was still an obstacle in this process. Students, they forgot
about the time connectors that could be used in the text. So, the researcher decided to
re-explain the use of time connectors to set a chronologic order of the events. They
also forgot the pattern of simple past tense. Thus, the researcher needed to explain the
conjunctions and simple past tense. This step can be seen in the following field note.
Having finished with the ideas, R asked Ss to combine all of the sentences into
whole recount text. Again, Ss forgot how to use the time connectors, so in 5
minutes, R gave short explanation about conjunctions to show the chronologic
of the time. The writing process was done beyond R’s expectation.
Approximately 80 percent of all Ss did the writing less than 20 minutes.
Unfortunately, Ss who had finished with their writing continued to talk each
other in loud voice. ET helped R by asking Ss to be silent. R walked around the
class to control the condition. Then 5 minutes before the class over, all Ss had
finished the writing.
(Field note 5)
might get improvement in their writing product. Overall, the process in second cycle
The new function of recount text was introduced in this cycle. It was about the
unlucky experience. The introduction of the other function of this text was monitored
From the following interview transcript, it can be inferred that the new theme
gave students more materials or we can also say, reason, to write a recount text.
R : Apakah kalian sudah mengetahui tujuan lain dari penulisan recount text?
Have you recognized the other purpose of writing recount text?
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S 1: Menceritakan pengalaman buruk kita. Telling our bad experience.
S 2 : Ya buat nyeritain pengalaman yang buruk juga. Nggak cuma yang
seneng – seneng pas liburan. It was also talking about bad experience, not
only happy experiences on vacation.
R : Apakah dengan mengetahui tujuan penulisan yang tadi, kalian bisa
menulis recount text dengan lebih mudah? By knowing the purpose of writing
the text, could you write recount text easier?
S 1 : Iya mister. Tadinya tak kira recount tu cuma untuk menceritakan liburan
tok. Yes Mister. I thought before that recount text was only used to retell
holidays.
S 2 : Iya Mister. Aku juga baru mudeng kalo pengalaman buruk itu bisa jadi
teks recount. Yes Mister. I just understood that bad experience could be a
recount text as well.
(Interview Transcript 4)
2. Implementing the function of recount text parts when they were used to help
The role of the picture as media provided students with a lot of ideas. They
could search as many ideas as their imagination. This step resulted in guidance for
students while they were writing their recount text. The better understanding of each
part in the text helped students to select the information from the pictures so that they
could write a proper recount text. In the other hand, the explanation of parts also
Those improvement from this step can be seen in the following interview
transcript.
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S 1 : Iya Mister. Kalau nggak dijelasin, aku bingung mesti nulis apa.
Gambarnya mau diapain. Yes Mister. If it was not explained, I might been
confused on what I should write. What I should with the pictures.
S 2 : Kalau aku, habis dijelasin jadi lebih gampang pas nulis urutannya sih
Mister. In my opinion, having explained (the text), it was easier to write the
order, Mister.
3. Helping students to get more ideas to obtain new vocabularies and constructing
Similar to the first cycle, the role of the picture series in this cycle was being a
media that helped students to collect ideas, or we can also say that the picture series is
From the activities, the researcher could infer that the media helped students
to get more ideas to write the recount text. This condition happened because of some
reasons. Firstly, students enjoyed the teaching method by using picture series because
the pictures are in the form of real photographs. They gave students complete
transcript.
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R : Bagaimana pendapat kalian tentang kegiatan hari ini? Apakah kalian
menyukai bentuk tugas yang Mister berikan? How do you think about today’s
activity? Did you like the task type I have given to you?
S 1 : Aku suka yang kaya gini Mister. Soalnya asik kalo ada gambarnya. I like
the one like this. It was enjoyable if there were pictures in it.
S 2 : Iya Mister. Aku suka yang ada gambarnya apalagi kalo pake foto. Nyata
gitu lho. Yes Mister. I like it with pictures moreover if it used photograph. It
was more realistic.
(Interview transcript 5)
Secondly, since the first meeting of this cycle, the pictures helped them to
recognize and memorize new vocabularies. Students only needed to pay attention to
the pictures while they were reading it. The media helped them to memorize the
words and understood the meaning without consulting to dictionary very often. This
R : Apakah kalian mendapatkan kata - kata baru dari teks tadi? Apakah
gambar – gambar tadi membantu kalian memahami dan mengingatnya? Did
you get new words from the text? Did the pictures help you to recognize and
memorize them?
S 1 : Iya Mister. Kaya yang tentang liburan itu. Kalo aku nggak tau artinya,
liat gambar aja. ga usah liat kamus. Lagian aku nggak bawa kamus. Yes
Mister. It was similar to the previous (text) about holiday. I just needed to take
a look to the pictures without consulting to the dictionary. To be honest, I did
not bring any dictionary.
S 2 : Aku dapet beberapa kata baru Mister. Tapi kalo sekarang aku belum
apal semuanya. I got some new words, Mister. But now I have not memorized
all of them.
(Interview Transcript 5)
The pictures also took role to provide students with plenty of ideas so that
they could write more words in their text. But still there was a problem in it about the
translation to from their ideas in Bahasa Indonesia to English, although they had
transcript.
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R : Apakah kalian mendapatkan ide – ide seperti tempat, benda yang terlihat,
dan aktivitas untuk menuliskan pengalaman buruk si tokoh di dalam gambar
tadi? Did you get the ideas such as places, things that could be seen, and
activities to write the character’s unlucky experience in the pictures?
S1 : Iya Mister. Tinggal liat aja di gambar ada apa. Kalo ide banyak kok
Mister. Masalahnya Mister, aku nggak tau Bahasa Inggrisnya. Yes Mister.
We just took a look what were they in the pictures. We had a lot of ideas. The
problem was I did not know the English word.
S 2 : Iya Mister. Soalnya di gambar udah kelihatan jelas. Yes Mister. It was
clearly depicted in the pictures.
(Interview Transcript 5)
The next improvement derived from using the picture series was students
thought that it was easier to write the recount text by using the picture series. It
helped them to write the text in correct order faster and chronologic. This conclusion
4. Fixing the unsuccessful actions in the first cycle to help students in writing their
recount texts.
The unsuccessful actions in the first cycle were fixed in the second cycle.
There were related to the using of adverb of time, time connectors, and using past
tense. The re explanation of those three important aspects in the recount text was
done during the second meeting and gave good result in the writing product. The
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R : Di pertemuan kedua ini, apakah kalian sudah bisa menggunakan
keterangan waktu dengan tepat dan jenis – jenis lain dari conjunction? On
this second meeting, could you use adverb of times properly and other
variations of conjunctions?
S 1 : Iya Mister. Ternyata nggak usah pakai gambar jam juga udah bisa. Kalo
untuk nggabungin, udah bisa kok. Asal nggak lupa aja. Yes Mister. Actually
without using any clock pictures we could do it well. For combining the
sentences, I could do it. As long as I do not forget it.
S 2 : Aku udah bisa kok Mister. Karena nggak ada jamnya, aku kira – kira aja
waktunya. Pas nggabungin, ya aku pake yang dijelasin sama Mister nya. I
could do it, Mister. Since I did not see any clock (in the pictures), I just
guessed the time. While I combining it, I used (the conjunctions) that you had
explained.
(Interview Transcript 5)
d. Summary of Cycle 2
recount text, which is retelling unlucky experience, and also improving students
writing products using picture series as media as the source of ideas, vocabularies,
and in the same time helping them to set their sentences into chronologic order.
Overall, the actions which had been done by the researcher resulted in improvement
of students writing product. The condition can be seen in the following interview
transcript.
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kita. I know it Mister. We write like the picture showed us. Firstly the
beginning, then the events of unlucky experience, then finally we write
our comments (about the experience).
R : Apakah kalian mendapatkan kesulitan ketika mengerjakan tugas tadi?
Did you find any difficulties while doing the assignment?
S 1 : Apa ya? Nggak tau. Kayanya nggak ada. What was that? I do not
know. I think no.
S 2 : Gampang kok Mister. Mudah – mudahan ulangannya Mr. Yuli juga
pake gambar. That was easy, Mister. I hope Mr. Yuli’s exam will use
picture too.
Before the researcher used the picture series as media, he already conducted a
pre test on recount text writing. The data from the interview transcript and field notes
were already shown improvement towards the writing skill. The following tables
show the improvement in the score of writing test of students of 8C class SMP
Muhammadiyah 3 Depok.
Pre-Test
Data
Researcher English Teacher
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Post-Test
Data
Researcher English Teacher
87
CHAPTER V
This chapter discusses the conclusion, implications, and suggestions from the
researcher towards the study. Those three items are presented in the following
explanation.
A. Conclusions
skill when they used picture series as media. The description of the improvement in
the writing skill also explained here in the form of qualitative data which are
score from pre test to post test. The finding and analysis of the research had been
Taking a look back to the previous chapter about the research findings, there
1. The picture series were good media to be source of ideas and vocabularies.
As explained in chapter IV, the pictures in picture series provided students with a real
depiction of events happened to the characters in the story. Pictures will also give
students a stimulant to gather their ideas so that vocabularies will be easily drawn
from the pictures. Pictures, especially in the form of real photograph like what the
researcher had used provide many objects to be written. They can be in the form of
nouns such as people (especially the characters), places, vehicles, and many other
things. In the form of verbs, students can pay attention to what the characters did in
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the pictures. They can get the word ‘push’, ‘wake up’, ‘meet’, ‘forget’, etc. If they are
sensitive enough in observing the pictures, students will be able to get adjectives such
as ‘late’, ‘early’, ‘sad’, ‘happy’, etc. Furthermore, students can infer adverb of times
by taking a look to the pictures whether the events happened at night, morning,
afternoon, together with another events, and so on. This element, the adverb of time,
is an important thing that students need to get if they want to write simple past tense
sentences. As explained in the second chapter, all of sentences in recount text consist
of past sentences.
This action will give maximum result if students already knew the basic knowledge
of the target text type that they will write. Students will take ideas from the pictures
Writing a recount text obliges students to write their ideas chronologically, as what
had already happened. The picture series are used by students to set their ideas, in the
form of sentences, based on what really happened. They only needed to follow the
character(s).
students about the use of conjunctions. The conjunctions here had role to connect the
sentences into whole paragraph and paragraphs to a text. By taking a look carefully to
the picture series, students would be able to write their text and connect the sentences
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3. The writing task with picture series gave students other variation of writing
assignment.
The picture series used by the researcher which were in the form of full coloured
photographs, in fact, gave students a new variation of writing assignment which had
never been used by their English teacher. The photographs were succeeded to
stimulate their interest to the writing task. This type of recount text task can be used
to avoid monotonous common type of task which only asked students to write such
B. Implications
After making conclusion from the research, the researcher implied some
writing recount text were the result of media used by the researcher during the
1. Students got more ideas and words to write recount text easier.
The ideas from students to write recount text were presented in the form of
words. From the findings in chapter IV, the researcher implied that students got a lot
of ideas to write the text although they still find some obstacles in translating their
meeting on each cycle. Unfortunately since the vocabulary level of students were still
very low, they still needed dictionary if students wanted to maximize the ideas
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However, above all obstacles in translating their ideas, from the interview
students thought that picture series could improve their writing skill by taking role as
the source of ideas so that they did not need to spend long time to think what they
wanted to write.
2. Students felt easier to construct their sentences chronologically while writing the
text.
The implication of the picture series to students writing skill did not only help
them to grab as many ideas as they could. Picture series, in the same time, also eased
students by providing them the plot of the story so that what they needed to do was
only following the pictures order. From the interview transcripts the media helped
them to shorten their time while they ordering the sentences chronologically.
3. Students were interested to the media and the type of writing assignment with
picture series.
interest to do the writing task. This phenomenon happened because they could see
real figures in full coloured printed photos which were set like comic. The selection
of the themes also effected the photo shoots to be a daily phenomenon that everyone
In the other hand, students were interested to the writing assignment with
picture series because their English teacher had never used this kind of assignment
before. They also expected this type of assignment used more often in their English
class.
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C. Suggestions
This study of pictures series as media to improve students writing skill of 8th
graders students resulted some suggestions for English teachers and other researchers.
The suggestions are related to the development of media, the use of media in teaching
English teachers need media in their teaching activities. Firstly, pictures can
be used as media which can expand students’ ideas and vocabulary enrichment.
However, if same media used too often, they cannot work as interest stimulator as if
English teachers use them variously. Picture series can be used in writing tasks.
other media since abundant of writing tasks needed to be assigned to their students.
product. Teachers need to provide colourful printed pictures if they expect more ideas
from students. Black and white pictures, of course, will limit students’ ideas on what
exactly presented in them. Students are able to see vivid images in the colourful
printed pictures. They will get many ideas such as colour of costumes of the
characters, the condition of weather during the event, and also the time differences
day or night which are incapable to be presented in black and white pictures. In
addition, real photographs give more ideas than cartoon or handmade pictures. In
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The last suggestion for English teachers is students still need enough basic
knowledge of the target text before they use picture series as media. They need to
know the purpose of writing the text, functions of each part, and also grammatical
features of the text. Assistance from English teacher about this knowledge is also
suggested during the writing process. Review on simple past tense and conjunctions
This research was done in students in junior high school. Their skill in writing
text in English was very limited. The findings in research about pictures as media
maybe different if the actions in this research are implemented to students with higher
improve writing skill is suggested. The research can be different in text types,
93
REFERENCES
Anderson, Mark. and Kathy Anderson. 1997. Text Types in English 1. Hongkong:
Macmillan Education Australia
Brewster, Jean, et al. 2003. The Primary English Teacher’s Guide: New Edition.
London: Penguin Books Ltd.
Broughton, Geoffrey, et al. 2003. Teaching English as A Foreign Language. New
York: Routledge
Brown, H. Douglas. 2001. Teaching by Principles. An Interactive Approach to
Language Pedagogy. California: Longman
Burns, Anne. 1999. Collaborative Action Research for English Language
Teachers. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press
. 2010. Doing Action Research in English Language Teaching. New
York: Routledge
Harmer, Jeremy. 2004. How to Teach Writing. Malaysia: Longman.
Hyland, Ken. 2003. Second Language Writing. New York: Cambridge University
Press.
Mc. Donald, Christina Russell and Robert L. Mc. Donald. 2002. Teaching
Writing. Landmarks and Horizon. USA: Southern Illinois University.
Means, Beth. and Lindy Lindner. 1998. Teaching Writing in Middle School.
Colorado: Teacher Ideas Press.
Nation, I.S.P. 2009. Teaching ESL/EFL Reading and Writing. New York:
Routledge
Priyana, Joko. et al. 2008. Scaffolding. English for Junior High School Students.
Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.
Smaldino, Sharon E. 2004. Instructional Technology and Media for Learning :
Eighth Edition.
Stern, H.H. 1983. Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching. UK: Oxford
University Press
Taylor, Maurice. 2000. Action Research – A Handbook for Literacy Instructors.
Canada : National Literacy Secretariat
94
Wright, Andrew. 2004. Pictures for Language Learning (Twelfth Printing). U. K.:
Cambridge University Press.
95
FIELD NOTES
Field Note 1
Wednesday, October 23rd 2013
VIII C Class
R : Researcher
ET : English Teacher
S : Student
96
had written. They answered him in Bahasa Indonesia. Three of them couldn’t
answer correctly. It seemed that they got the answer from their friends.
8. ET then explained about the goal of recount text and grammar focus in past tense.
About 5 Ss were talking each other while ET explained the material. After that,
ET asked Ss to write their own recount text. Ss asked to ET what should they
write. ET said that they could write about their previous holiday. Some Ss had
already prepared a piece of paper but most of them were asking each other what
they should write. Some Ss already started to write the title and first sentence.
About 3 minutes later minutes later, the bell rang. ET asked Ss to keep the paper
save it for the next meeting.
9. R and ET greeted Ss then left the class. R told ET that he would do the pre test at
the following day with the same task to write a recount text.
Field Note 2
Thursday, October 24th 2013
VIII C Class
R : Researcher
ET : English Teacher
S : Student
1. R came to the school at 10.10. The class would be at the 5th lesson hour (10.25). R
waited for ET at the lobby then after a moment ET came and R said that today he
would like to conduct a pretest in writing a recount text. ET said that it would be
better to start as soon as possible to avoid Ss went out from the class.
2. R and ET went to the class then R introduced himself. The class situation turned
noisy. R spoke louder to control the class condition. Some of Ss asked some
personal questions to R about his campus and what he wanted to do there. R them
directly started the class by leading the prayer and checking students attendance
by calling their names to know them better. While calling one by one, the class
situation became noisy again.
3. Having finished with the attendance list, R asked Ss ‘Do you still remember about
recount text that was explained yesterday?’. Ss remained silent, then R repeated
the question in Bahasa Indonesia. ‘Masih ingatkah kalian tentang teks recount
yang dijelaskan kemarin?’. Some Ss answered ‘Yes, itu tentang masa lalu’. Some
Ss answered ‘Yes, tentang libursn to?’. R answered, ‘Yes, you are right! Benar
sekali’. Then R gave each S a piece of loose paper to write their experience about
their last holiday. Some Ss said ‘Mister. Aku nggak kemana – mana e.. Terus
gimana?’. ‘Maybe, kalian pernah liburan kemana. Like, I ever visited Sundak
Beach, and so on. Seperti, pengalaman kalian mengunjungi pantai Sundak. Atau
mungkin pengalaman teman kalian atau orang yang kalian kenal, juga boleh.
97
Okay? I give you 25 minutes to write. Saya beri waktu 25 menit, and please start
now!’.
4. Ss started to look for ideas. Some of them still did nothing but messing around
with their friends. Some of Ss who already started to write asked to R and ET the
translation of some words in to English. R walked around the class to check Ss
works. Most of Ss did not have any idea to write. Less than 10 of total Ss who
already got idea found difficulties in vocabularies and arranging sentences.
5. 5 minutes before the time limit, R reminded Ss to finish their work in 5 minutes.
Most of Ss got panicked because some of them haven’t even started yet. For those
who had already started, they only got around 3 – 5 short sentences. When the
time was already up, R asked Ss to submit their papers. The pretest products
considered very poor.
6. R closed the class by asking Ss to read their book by themselves to prepare for the
upcoming class then leaded the prayer.
Field Note 3
Tuesday, October 29th 2013
VIII C Class
R : Researcher
ET : English Teacher
S : Student
1. R came to the school at 7.00 to prepare for first meeting of cycle 1. R directly met
ET to discuss the lesson plan for that day. R gave the copy of lesson plan to ET to
discuss the learning objective for that day.
2. When the bell rang ET and R went to the class. ET set his position behind the
class. Unlike the previous meeting R opened the class by asking the class captain
to lead the prayer. Then R checked the attendance list. No one was absent in that
day. R continued by doing BKOF step, by asking ‘Class, I want to know about
your holiday. Ryandika, where did you go last holiday?’. Then S (Ryandika)
answered ‘What Mis?’. One of his friends helped him to translate R’s question.
‘Oh, go to Parangtritis! Yes. And Pantai Depok’. ‘What did you do there?’
‘What Mis??’ ‘Kamu di sana ngapain aja, and don’t call me Miss. Call me Mister
Popo. Okay?’ ‘Oh okay Mister Popo, I eating fish sama father and mother’
‘Oh…okay… I see. Thank you Ryandika. Very nice answer!’ R then continued to
ask some other Ss about their holiday. But for the next 2 Ss, still no one can
answer R’s questions without translation.
98
3. R continued the warming up session by asking ‘Do you know what recount text
is? Apa sih recount text itu?’. The class remained silent. Then R took the
attendance list then called two of Ss. Both of them answered the same that a
recount text is a text to tell about holiday.
4. R gave them the first handout with a recount text entitled Cave Tubing in Pindul
Cave. R gave handouts to Ss at the front row then gave them simple command to
take one then pass it to their friends behind. When this happened, the class was
little bit noisy because Ss found out some pictures in the text. Ss seemed
interested to the handouts. R asked Ss to listen to the instruction how to use the
handout. R then asked some Ss to read the text loudly. Some misspelling were
done by Ss. R directly fixed them while they were reading.
5. Having finished reading the text, R asked Ss to take a look to series of pictures at
the next page. R asked Ss to fill in the blanks under the pictures about what they
saw in each picture. R guided Ss to fill the blanks by asking them to get the
vocabularies in the text. After that, R explained generic structure of recount text
by using the picture series. R concluded the pictures based on the information
which could be derived from every picture. After that, R also explained the
function of every part in recount text by using the picture series. Unfortunately,
some Ss kept on talking while R was explaining the material.
6. After completing the blanks, R asked Ss to answer comprehensions related to the
text. Ss had less difficulty although most of them did not bring any dictionary
(only 3 Ss brought dictionary). Having finished with the comprehension
questions, R directly discussed them with Ss orally. Most of the Ss could answer
the questions correctly.
7. R then continued to explain how to use past tense and adverb of time. Almost all
Ss did not know when they had to use past tense. They also could not make
correct sentences so R gave an explanation about past tense and asked Ss to make
some sentences with new verbs related to telling experience in holiday. The
problem in this explanation is Ss had very limited vocabularies, especially in
verb.
8. After giving the task, R closed the class by greeting Ss and reminded them to
bring dictionary for the next meeting.
b. 2nd meeting
Field Note 4
Wednesday, October 30th 2013
VIII C Class
R : Researcher
ET : English Teacher
S : Student
99
1. R came to the school at 9.30 to prepare for the class at 9.45. R came to the office
to meet ET then discussed plans for that day’s meeting.
2. The class was started right after the first break. When R came to the class, there
were only two third of Ss and the rest were still outside. R waited for about 3
minutes then after Ss were complete, R started the class by leading Ss to read Al
Fatihah. Then R started the class by checking the attendance list and greeting the
students in English by asking what they did last night.
3. R gave warming up activities in form of oral questions for Ss to ask some verb
that related to the upcoming task in Bahasa Indonesia and asked Ss to memorize
the translation and the past tense of them. Then R asked Ss to take their
dictionaries to be used in that meeting.
4. R gave the second worksheet with some pictures to make a recount text entitled
‘A Trip to Borobudur Temple’. R asked Ss to use the pictures and some guiding
questions under the pictures to help them in gathering ideas. R also asked Ss to
pay attention really carefully so they could get as many ideas as the picture could
provide them. R also stimulated Ss ideas by giving oral questions so Ss could be
more sensitive to the details in the picture series.
5. R observed Ss by walking around the class. Most of them got enough ideas to
write the text. Almost all Ss asked R about the translation but R persuade them to
use the dictionary and discuss the words and ideas to their partner. The situation
on the class became so noisy so that R should go around the class to supervise Ss
to write their text. More than half of the class got troubles in subject and verb
arrangement. Ss used verb1 or V-ing to write the text. They also wrote all subjects
together with to be. (they wrote ‘She is take photo.’ instead of ‘She took a
photo.’. R explained again how to use past tenses and reminded Ss many times to
use past verbs.
6. Ss got some difficulties to guess the time in the pictures. They still had many
questions about what time the activity happened. The process of gathering ideas
was monitored to be easier than without using pictures. Ss discussed the pictures
each other to get more vocabularies or just cross checking their ideas. R asked Ss
to remember the generic structure of recount text to help them worked with the
picture series.
7. After Ss already wrote their ideas, R asked them to join the sentences by using
conjunctions. Ss started to work by using conjunctions. All of instructions from R
should be translated or Ss would not understand them. Ss started to join their
ideas. R reminded Ss to use various conjunctions to prevent them of using only
one conjunction.
8. Around 10 minutes before the class ended, some Ss were done with their task.
They directly handed their papers to R. The class became a little bit noisy then R
came to the finished Ss to do interview to make the class more conducive.
9. 5 minutes before the time limit, all Ss had already submitted their work. R
continued to give the closing activities by reminding them the purpose of writing
100
recount text, the generic structure of recount text, and some conjunctions that they
could use in the text.
10. R collected all of the sheets. After that R closed the class by leading the prayer
and asked Ss to study harder then greeted Ss.
11. R and ET discussed the meeting on that day at the lobby.
Field Note 4
Tuesday, November 5th 2013
VIII C Class
R : Researcher
ET : English Teacher
S : Student
1. R came to the school at 7.00 to prepare for first meeting of cycle 2. R directly met
ET to discuss the lesson plan for that day. R gave the copy of lesson plan to ET to
discuss the learning objective for that day.
2. R reported to ET about the result of cycle 1. R and ET continued to discuss the
actions which were going to be taken to solve the problems found during the first
cycle and giving follow up to student’s improvements.
3. After having discussion with ET, R entered 8C class. The condition of the class
was noisy enough so R needed to yell when he tried to silent Ss. ET helped R to
control the class. R continued by asking the leader of the class to lead the prayer.
Then R continued by greeting students and checking the attendance list. No one
was absent that day.
4. R continued by conducting warming up session. For the second cycle, R and ET
agreed to choose unlucky days as the theme. R tried to set the class circumstance
and S’s mindset into their unlucky experience by doing oral questions. Firstly,
wrote ‘UNLUCKY EXPERIENCE’ in front of the class. ‘Anyone knows the
meaning?’. Unfortunately no one answer. Then R asked to one of Ss. ‘Aji Bayu!
Boy, what is Unlucky Experience?’. ‘Apa yo Mister? Experience tu
pengalaman…. Unlucky ki opo Mister?’ ‘Unlucky means sial atau tidak
beruntung’. Then there was a long ‘Ooooh….’ heard in the class.
5. R asked to the class, R asked to 4 students about their unlucky experience.
‘Vicka, what is your unlucky experience?’ ‘Anu Mister, HP ku pernah ilang.’
‘Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. Kasihan sekali. Where?’ ‘Where? Oh nggak tau
Mister. Di jalan kok. jatuh paling’. Then R asked to other students. They told
their experience about their unlucky days. One of them told about getting a
punishment from teacher because he was late for school. One of them told about
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losing their money. After that, R explained the topic of the day, about unlucky
experience.
6. R continued by giving Ss new model text in handouts, entitled Bajuri’s unlucky
day. The situation was quite noisy because most Ss talked about the pictures in
the handouts by yelling to their friends. R then asked Ss to be silent. Different
from the first cycle, in the 2nd cycle R asked students to directly put the page
which displayed the pictures next to the page that contained the text. Then R
asked one of Ss to read the first paragraph. She made some errors in the
pronunciation and R gave the correction. R discussed the model text paragraph
per paragraph then he gave direction to Ss to pay attention to the pictures while
they were reading the text. This action was observed more effective than asking
Ss to look at the picture series after they have finished reading the whole text.
7. R asked Ss to do task 3 in the handout as their vocabulary enrichment. Ss directly
used the picture series to get the meaning of the words in the task. They already
got used to the picture as media. Ss did the task in less than 10 minutes. R then
asked some Ss about the translation about the translation of some sentences in the
model text. Ss could give the meaning correctly. R also asked some vocabularies
which were not in the task. R asked to one of Ss ‘Soleh, so what is the English
word of ‘ban bocor’?’. He answered ‘Flat tire, Mister’. ‘Very Good! Thank you.
So…. Inna, what about bangun tidur?’. She answered. ‘Woke up, Mister.
Ngomongnya bener kan Mister?’ ‘Yes, you’re correct. Bener, nduk! ’
8. Having completed all of the vocabulary meanings, R continued to explain the
parts of the recount text. This action did not take long time because Ss still
remembered the parts from the meetings in the first cycle. After that, R gave
instruction to Ss to look carefully to each picture, and R asked some questions
about what Ss could see in the picture. The questions were in the range about
what they could see in the picture. R considered that the oral questions would
help Ss to get more information in the picture. R then asked Ss to identify the
pictures so they could distinguish which picture belonged to which part. This step
found no problem because Ss already memorized the parts of the text well.
9. Then R continued to ask Ss to answer the questions below each pictures on the
second page of the handout. Here, R could infer that the media not only help Ss to
get new vocabularies, but also, in the same time, grew their interest to do the task.
Ss were busy and discussed about the task. Although the condition of the class
was noisy, Ss were busy discussing the pictures. Unfortunately, Ss still got some
problem in using past tense. This condition was inferred by R to remind Ss the
use of simple past tense and adverb of time in sentence.
10. As the last activity in the class, R asked Ss to discuss the answer of the questions
under each picture. After that, R closed the class by greeting Ss and asked them to
re-read the materials they had studied that day in their house.
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b. 2nd meeting
Field Note 5
Wednesday, November 6th 2013
VIII C Class
R : Researcher
ET : English Teacher
S : Student
1. R came to the school at 9.30 to prepare for the class at 9.45. R came to the office
to meet ET then discussed plans for that day’s meeting.
2. R entered 8C Class and greeted Ss. Unfortunately 3 Ss were outside so R needed
to wait for about 3 minutes. After the 3 Ss came to the class, R started the class by
asking the class leader to lead the prayer then R checked the attendance list. No
one was absent that day.
3. R started by asking Ss about the theme that had been discussed at the previous
meeting. R asked Ss by asking oral questions about the name of the character, the
bad experience that happened to him, places, and the character’s comment about
his experience. Ss could answer the questions well but R needed to say ‘Please
say it in English’ whenever Ss answered the questions.
4. R continued by telling Ss the activities that they were going to do that day. R then
gave Ss the new handouts. Some Ss were directly looked to the pictures, some of
them laughed when they had seen the pictures. Some Ss walked around to talk to
their friends about the pictures. The situation of the class turned to be noisy. R
asked Ss to sit down and he continued by asking Ss to look at the pictures. R
introduced the name of the main character in the picture. Then he continued to ask
students about detail information that they could see in the picture. After
discussed 2 pictures, R asked Ss to discuss the next pictures with their pairs and
Ss were given 5 minutes to discuss all of pictures. R also asked Ss to imagine the
time of the events in the picture in the form of afternoon so that they would not
face any problem with the exact time of the events.
5. Having finished with the picture discussion, still in pair, R asked Ss to state their
ideas derived from the pictures in the form of sentences. R also directed students
to answer the questions under the pictures to stimulate their ideas. Ss were given
10 minutes to write their ideas. While Ss were doing the task, R walked around
the class to monitor S’s work. Most of Ss did the task by themselves, they only
discussed it when they did not know the English words. Some Ss also asked to R
about the translation. The amount of the questions was lower than in the first
cycle.
103
6. After 10 minutes, R discussed the answer. Ss were asked to raise their hands
when they knew the answer. In this step, the amount of Ss who raised their hands
was higher than in the first cycle. Some of Ss raised their hands more than twice
so that R needed to select the answerer to make it fairly done with different Ss. R
also got different ideas from Ss about the answer. R asked Ss to stay on their
ideas. This step was done quickly to let Ss got longer time to write their recount
text from the pictures.
7. Having finished with the ideas, R asked Ss to combine all of the sentences into
whole recount text. Again, Ss forgot how to use the time connectors, so in 5
minutes, R gave short explanation about conjunctions to show the chronologic of
the time. The writing process was done beyond R’s expectation. Approximately
80 percent of all Ss did the writing less than 15 minutes. Unfortunately, Ss who
had finished with their writing continued to talk each other in loud voice. ET
helped R by asking Ss to be silent. R walked around the class to control the
condition. Then 5 minutes before the class over, all Ss had finished the writing.
8. R closed the class by asking Ss to learn the material about recount text which had
been discussed from the first until the last meetings. R also told Ss that there
would be a writing text which would be conducted at the following day. R then
closed the class by asking Ss to say Alhamdulillah then saying goodbye.
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INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTS
Interview 1
Before gathering the data
Interviewer: Researcher
Interviewee: Students
1. Apakah Adik - Adik suka menulis dalam bahasa Inggris? Jika iya, kapan Adik -
Adik melakukannya?
S 1 : Biasa aja Mister. Kalau nggak ada PR atau tugas dari Mr. Yuli ya nggak
nulis.
S 2: Ya sebenernya males Mister.
2. Apakah Adik - Adik mengetahui jenis teks recount? Bisakah kamu
menjelaskannya secara singkat?
S 1 : Recount itu ya teks yang isinya tentang kita waktu liburan. Ya kaya pas
liburan itu ngapain aja.
S 2 : Itu menceritakan tentang tempat –tempat yang bvisa dikunjungi waktu
liburan.
3. Kalau bagian dari teks recount tau nggak ada apa aja?
S 1 : Apa ya Mister? Judul, isi, penutup.
S 2 : Nggak tau Mister. Nggak apal aku.
4. Mister mau bertanya tentang kesulitan kalian dalam menulis teks recount.
Dalam menulis teks recount, kesulitan apa yang Adik - Adik hadapi? Bisa
disebutkan?
S 1 : Bingung mau mulai dari mana nulisnya. Sama nggak tau Bahasa Inggrisnya
apa. Bingung nyambung kalimatnya juga. Terus kalau nulis itu ya biasanya males
kalo banyak – banyak. Mentok sih idenya. Banyak lah pokoknya.
S 2 : kalau aku sih ya karena kadang bosen aja. Soalnya kalo udah bingung mau
nulis apa terus nggak semangat tu lho Mister.
5. Tadi kalian bilang kalau kalian bosen dengan tugas writing. Memang apa yang
membuat kalian bosen?
S 1 : Ya habis gitu – gitu thok. Paling ya tugas dari LKS kalo nggak ya buku
paket.
S 2 : Ntar kalo nggak selesai, buat PR. Ya udah. gitu aja.
6. Tadi juga kalian sempet bilang kalau banyak yang nggak tahu bahasa Inggrisnya.
Kalian nggak punya kamus?
S 1 : Ada Mister, tapi nggak bawa. Berat soalnya.
S 2 : Aku bawa Mister. Tapi tadi dipinjem sama temen.
7. Lalu, waktu kamu dapat tugas menulis, bukan teks recount aja, maksudnya setiap
kali Mr. Yuli memberi tugas, pakai media semacam gambar atau slide gitu
nggak?
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S 1 : Jarang sih. paling ya gambar di LCD. Tapi ya jarang banget. Habisnya LCD
nya harus gantian sama kelas lain.
S 2 : Dulu udah pernah. Pake LCD di laboratorium Bahasa.
Interviewer: Researcher
Interviewee: Collaborator (Teacher)
1. R : Masalah apakah yang sering Bapak temui dalam proses pembelajaran teks
recount? Khususnya pada kemampuan menulis siswa?
ET : Mereka sulit dikondisikan untuk menulis. Mungkin karena kemampuan
vocab yang sangat sedikit. Pengkondisian kelas juga butuh ekstra kesabaran
karena mereka harus selalu diarahkan ketika mengerjakan tugas dan dipantau satu
per satu.
2. R : Apakah teknik yang Bapak terapkan dalam mengajar menulis, dalam hal ini
mengenai teks recount?
ET : Menggunakan contoh teks yang sudah jadi, kemudian ada tanya jawab
tentang pengalaman. Lalu siswa diberi contoh untuk menulis teks recount yang
benar. tapi ya tetap saja banyak yang kesulitan. Kadang mereka malah bengong
atau bercanda ketika buntu mau menulis apa.
3. R : Media seperti apakah yang sering Bapak gunakan dalam mengajar menulis
teks recount?
ET : Kalau media ya mungkin gambar di LCD, saya berikan dalam bentuk power
point. Tapi itu juga tidak setiap saat karena memang penggunaan fasilitas harus
bergantian dengan kelas lain.
4. R : Menurut Bapak, apakah media seperti gambar dengan berbagai variasinya
akan membantu siswa dalam menulis teks recount?
ET : Sebenarnya sangat membantu dalam membangun ide. karena bisa
memberikan contoh nyata. Tetapi lagi – lagi biasanya terbentur dengan
keterbatasan fasilitas dan kemampuan siswa.
Interview 2
After teaching 1st meeting 1st cycle.
Interviewer: Researcher
Interviewee: Students
1. Apakah penjelasan saya tentang recount text tadi sudah cukup jelas?
S 1 : Ya Mister. sudah jelas. Tapi ngomongnya jangan cepet – cepet Mister.
S 2 : Jelas Mister. Tapi aku nggak mudeng kalau pakai Bahasa Inggris terus.
2. Apakah kalian sudah mengetahui dengan baik fungsi dari recount text?
S 1 : Untuk menceritakan liburan kita sendiri bisa, untuk menceritakan
pengalaman liburan orang lain juga boleh. Ya misalnya kaya cerita tentang
holiday experience yang tadi di Gua Pindul itu.
S 2 : Sama buat njelasin juga pas sampai di tempat liburan itu ngapain aja, terus
makan apa, dimana, perasaannya seneng apa nggak.
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3. Apakah kalian sekarang sudah mengetahui bagian dari recount text?
S 1 : Pembukaan yang tadi namanya apa ya, lupa. sama events. yang isinya urutan
kegiatannya. Nah itu tuh nyebutin nya harus urut. Misalnya pertama kemana,
terus kemana, terus kemana gitu. Habis itu akhirnya ditutupnya pake perasaan
pada hari itu.
S 2: Yang pembukaan itu isinya orang nya siapa aja, terus liburannya kemana.
Terus disebutin semua kegiatannya ngapain aja. Pas liburan tu apa aja yang
dibawa. Makan apa. Sama terakhir itu, perasaan setelah liburan.
4. Apakah dengan bantuan gambar – gambar tadi, Adik – Adik bisa memahami
bagian dan fungsi teks recount dengan lebih baik.
S 1 : Kalo kataku sih iya, Mister. Kan Misternya nerangin, kita liat aja gambarnya
sambil ndengerin, udah. Gampang sih kalo pake gambar.
S 2 : Aku habis diterangin pakai gambar jadi mudeng Mister. Ntar kalau ada soal
apa suruh bikin teks kaya gitu ya kayanya bisa.
5. Apakah kalian bisa memberi tahu saya tenses apa yang harus digunakan untuk
menulis teks recount?
S 1 : Pakai past tense. Tapi ya itu Mister. Aku nggak apal e. Susah ngapalinnya
S 2 : Pakai verb dua ya Mister? Aku agak bingung tapi nek nggak pakai kamus
soalnya verb duanya tu lho susah.
6. Apakah gambar – gambar tadi bisa membantu Adik – Adik untuk memahami
kosa kata baru dari recount text tersebut?
S 1 : Membantu sekali sih Mister. Sebenernya nggak usah pake kamus juga udah
mudeng Mister. Sama gambarnya bikin lebih seneng bacanya.
S 2 : Iya Mister. Soalnya kalo nggak ada gambarnya tuh bingung e. kalau ada
gambarnya kan bisa dibayangin orangnya ngapain aja. Tinggal di pas pasin aja.
Interviewer : Researcher
Interviewee : Collaborator teacher
1. Apakah menurut Bapak, penjelasan saya tadi ditangkap dengan cukup bagus oleh
siswa?
ET : Cukup jelas sebenarnya mas. Tapi ya itu, siswa yang ngomong sendiri nggak
memperhatikan tetap ada satu dua orang. kalau dari materi sudah jelas dan
detail.
2. Menurut pengamatan Bapak, apakah mereka bisa memahami isi bacaan dengan
lebih baik dengan media yang saya berikan?
ET : Bisa mas, soalnya contoh di teks yang mas bawakan sudah ada gambar dan
urutan peristiwa nya. walaupun nggak pakai kamus, mereka bisa memahami.
3. Apakah saran Bapak untuk pertemuan yang akan datang?
ET : Tolong untuk pengkondisian kelas sebaiknya ditegaskan saja. Lalu beberapa
new vocabularies diulang beberapa kali agar mereka lebih paham.
Interview 3
After teaching 2nd meeting 1st cycle.
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Interviewer: Researcher
Interviewee: Students
1. Apakah penjelasan tadi cukup jelas?
S 1 : Jelas Mister. Tapi Misternya ngomongnya masih cepet – cepet.
S 2 : Lumayan Mister.
2. Apakah dengan adanya gambar yg berurutan cukup membantu dalam menulis
teks recount?
S 1 : Iya Mister.soalnya jelas mau nulis apa dan nggak lama mikirnya. Sama bikin
urutannya gampang.
S 2 : Enakan pake gambar Mister. Soalnya kan mau nulis apa juga tinggal liat di
gambar. Sama tadi kan juga di bantu buat ngeliat benda – benda dan tempatnya.
3. Apakah dengan media gambar Adik - Adik bisa mengingat kosa kata dengan
lebih baik?
S 1 : Iya sih. Soalnya inget artinya dari liat gambarnya. Tapi ya untuk nyari
Bahasa Inggrisnya buat yang pertama kali tetep butuh kamus.
S 2 : Ya gampang Mister. Enak soalnya. Aku tadi nggak sering pake kamus bisa
lho.
4. Menurut Adik - Adik apakah gambar – gambar tadi cukup membantu dalam
mencari ide dan membuatnya menjadi tulisan utuh?
S 1 : Lebih gampang pake gambar soalnya nggak bingung sih mister, Kan tinggal
kaya bikin komik gitu. Kalau nggak pake gambar bingung mau nulis apa.
S 2 : Lumayan sih Mister. Tinggal liat aja di gambar satu ada apa, ngapain, kedua
ngapain. Tapi aku kadang lupa nyambungnya gimana.
5. Bagaimana dengan tugas tadi, apakah dapat dikerjakan dengan baik?
S 1 : Lumayan Mister. tapi ya masih banyak yang lupa verb 2 nya.
S 2 : Aku agak bingung waktunya Mister, pagi apa siang sore gitu. Habis nggak
ada tulisan jam berapa sih.
6. Apakah tugas dengan gambar - gambar seperti tadi membantu kalian menyusun
ide untuk menulis teks recount?
S 1 : Gampang nyusun idenya Mister kalau pake gambar. Aku sekarang juga jadi
tau kalau menulis itu yang ditulis apa aja.
S 2 : Iya Mister. Karena ada gambarnya aku jadi nggak kelamaan mikir waktu
nyusunnya.
7. Apakah dengan gambar kalian jadi lebih tertarik untuk mengerjakannya?
S 1 : Kalo aku iya Mister. Gambarnya bikin lebih menarik jadi nggak bosen.
S 2 : Aku sih tertarik Mister. Soale ya gambare itu bagus terus ya tinggal ngikutin
aja sama urutannya.
8. Adakah kesulitan dalam mengerjakan tugas tersebut?
S 1 : Susah bikin past tense nya.soalnya nggak apal tu lho.
S 2 : Sama, Mister. Sama cara nyambungnya. Aku keseringan pake then aja.
Interviewer : Researcher
Interviewee: Collaborator
108
1. Bagaimanakah penjelasan saya di kelas Bapak?
ET : Sudah jelas Mas. Nanti coba kita lihat hasil menulis anak – anak seperti apa.
2. Menurut Bapak, apakah siswa dengan baik menerima penjelasan saya?
ET : Kalau dilihat dari keaktifan mereka menjawab oral questions, ya sepertinya
sudah cukup baik mas.
3. Menurut Bapak, apakah gambar dalam penjelasan saya cukup membantu siswa
dalam menulis teks recount?
ET : Ya Mas. Gambar – gambar yang dibentuk secara berurutan bisa membantu
mereka menulis teks sesuai dengan gambar – gambar tersebut. Gambar – gambar
itu juga bisa membantu mereka untuk mencari bahan tulisan seperti noun dan
verb yang harus mereka cantumkan.
4. Setelah siklus pertama ini, menurut Bapak, apakah kelebihan dan kelemahan dari
media yang saya gunakan?
ET : Kelebihannya ya seperti tadi saya bilang, media ini membantu anak – anak
dalam mencari ide, mengurutkan peristiwa, dibantu dengan penjelasan
Mas,mereka bisa lebih memahami past tense dan conjunctions. Mereka bisa lebih
cepat menulis karena sudah terbantu dalam pencarian ide.
Kelemahannya, mungkin keterangan waktunya perlu ditambah karena di dalam
gambar tidak ada penjelasan tentang keterangan waktu semisal jam berapa
peristiwa tersebut terjadi.
5. Apakah saran Bapak untuk pertemuan yang akan datang?
ET : Saran saya tolong untuk yang besok, keterangan waktunya diperjelas saja.
Kalau di gambar susah, ya ditulis aja juga bisa.
Interview 4
After teaching 1st meeting 2nd cycle.
Interviewer: Researcher
Interviewee: Students
1. Bagaimana dengan tema hari ini? Apakah kalian menyukainya?
S 1 : Suka Mister. Menarik soalnya aku juga udah pernah kena pengalaman buruk
sih.
S 2 : Aku juga suka Mister. Kalo aku sukanya karena lucu aja itu ceritanya.
2. Apakah kalian sudah mengetahui tujuan lain dari penulisan recount text?
S 1: Menceritakan pengalaman buruk kita.
S 2 : Ya buat nyeritain pengalaman yang buruk juga. Nggak cuma yang seneng –
seneng pas liburan.
3. Apakah dengan mengetahui tujuan penulisan yang tadi, kalian bisa menulis
recount text dengan lebih mudah?
S 1 : Iya mister. Tadinya tak kira recount tu cuma untuk menceritakan liburan tok.
S 2 : Iya Mister. Aku juga baru mudeng kalo pengalaman buruk itu bisa jadi teks
recount.
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4. Apakah gambar – gambar tadi membantu kalian dalam memahami contoh teks
yang Mister berikan?
S 1 : Iya Mister. Soalnya gambarnya sama kaya isi ceritanya. Aku nggak usah
mbayangin sih. Tinggal liat aja.
S 2 : Iya Mister. Gambarnya lengkap soalnya. Satu paragraf satu gambar.
5. Apakah kalian mendapatkan kata - kata baru dari teks tadi? Apakah gambar –
gambar tadi membantu kalian memahami dan mengingatnya?
S 1 : Iya Mister. Kaya yang tentang liburan itu. Kalo aku nggak tau artinya, liat
gambar aja. ga usah liat kamus. Lagian aku nggak bawa kamus.
S 2 : Aku dapet beberapa kata baru Mister. Tapi kalo sekarang aku belum apal
semuanya.
6. Kira – kira apa saja yang kalian harus sebutkan bila kalian ingin bercerita tentang
pengalaman buruk kalian?
S 1 : Apa ya? Mulainya gimana, terus pengalamannya gimana, terus akhirnya
ngomong aja kalau itu pengalaman yang buruk.
S 2 : Kalo aku sih pake tempatnya dimana, sama pengalamannya kapan. Siang
apa pagi. Gitu.
7. Apakah penjelasan Mister tentang bagian – bagian dari teks recount tadi
membantu kalian untuk memahami apa yang harus kalian tulis dalam teks
recount?
S 1 : Iya Mister. Masih sama sih kaya yang pas Mister nerangin pertama.
S 2 : Aku sih paham Mister. Ya tinggal nyebutin aja pengalamannya gimana,
dimana, gara – gara apa, terus perasaan kesel kita.
8. Kesulitan – kesulitan apa yang adik – adik dapatkan ketika mengerjakan task
tadi?
S 1 : Apa ya? Aku nggak ada sih.
S 2: Aku agak bingung. Soalnya itu tentang orang kuliah sih. Nggak dong aja
pertamanya.
Interviewer : Researcher
Interviewee: English Teacher Collaborator
1. Bagaimana pendapat Bapak tentang pertemuan pertama di cycle kedua ini?
ET : Keseluruhan lancar Mas. Ya mungkin karena anak – anak sudah terbiasa
dengan media dari Mas-e.
2. Apakah media gambar yang diberikan di pertemuan ini sudah lebih jelas daripada
yang sebelumnya?
ET : Ya. Sudah lebih baik Mas. Waktunya sudah lebih jelas. Cuma gambarnya
tadi ada yang gelap. Jadi mungkin anak bertanya – tanya ini si tokoh sebetulnya
sedang apa.
3. Menurut pendapat Bapak, apakah media gambar ini memberikan pengaruh positif
tentang pemahaman siswa pada kosa kata yang baru saya berikan hari ini?
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ET : Media gambar dari Mas tadi bagus. Jadinya mereka tertarik sama isinya.
Tapi yang saya kuatirkan mereka lupa sama kata – kata yang mereka pelajari
kalau terlalu banyak.
4. Apakah ada koreksi dan masukan untuk pertemuan mendatang?
ET : Kata – kata baru memang harus selalu diulang. Kalau perlu ditanyai satu –
satu. Sama sebelum pertemuan, Mas nya njelasin dulu, hari ini kita akan
mempelajari kata – kata berikut ini. Mungkin itu saja.
Interview 5
After teaching 2nd meeting 2nd cycle.
Interviewer: Researcher
Interviewee: Students
1. Bagaimana pendapat kalian tentang kegiatan hari ini? Apakah kalian
menyukai bentuk tugas yang Mister berikan?
S 1 : Aku suka yang kaya gini Mister. Soalnya asik kalo ada gambarnya.
S 2 : Iya Mister. Aku suka yang ada gambarnya apalagi kalo pake foto. Nyata
gitu lho.
2. Apakah kalian mendapatkan ide – ide seperti tempat, benda yang terlihat, dan
aktivitas untuk menuliskan pengalaman buruk si tokoh di dalam gambar tadi?
S1 : Iya Mister. Tinggal liat aja di gambar ada apa. Kalo ide banyak kok
Mister. Masalahnya Mister, aku nggak tau Bahasa Inggrisnya.
S 2 : Iya Mister. Soalnya di gambar udah kelihatan jelas.
3. Apakah gambar – gambar tadi membantu kalian untuk menyusun kata – kata
atau ide – ide kalian menjadi teks recount yang utuh?
S 1 : Gampangan pake gambar ini Mister. Ikutin aja gambarnya pas waktu
nyusun.
S 2 : Kalo nggak ada gambarnya ya kelamaan mikir Mister.
4. Kemarin Mister sudah menerangkan tentang bagian – bagian dari recount text
untuk menceritakan pengalaman buruk. Nah, sambil melihat gambar, apakah
dari penjelasan itu bisa membantu kalian dalam mencari ide untuk menulis?
S 1 : Iya Mister. Kalau nggak dijelasin, aku bingung mesti nulis apa.
Gambarnya mau diapain.
S 2 : Kalau aku, habis dijelasin jadi lebih gampang pas nulis urutannya sih
Mister.
5. Di pertemuan kedua ini, apakah kalian sudah bisa menggunakan keterangan
waktu dengan tepat dan jenis – jenis lain dari conjunction?
S 1 : Iya Mister. Ternyata nggak usah pakai gambar jam juga udah bisa. Kalo
untuk nggabungin, udah bisa kok. Asal nggak lupa aja.
S 2 : Aku udah bisa kok Mister. Ya karena nggak ada jamnya, aku kira – kira
aja waktunya. Pas nggabungin, ya aku pake yang dijelasin sama Mister nya.
6. Setelah kalian mengerjakan tugas tadi, apakah kalian mengetahui cara
menuliskan pengalaman buruk kalian agar lebih lengkap dan menarik?
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S 1 : Kalo nulis pengalaman buruk harus jelas awalnya gimana, terus
kejadiannya apa aja, urut. Habis itu perasaan kita ditulis di akhir nya.
S 2 : Tau Mister. Nulisnya kaya yang di gambar. Awalnya dulu, terus
kejadiannya pas pengalaman buruk, sama terakhirnya nulis komentar kita.
7. Apakah kalian mendapatkan kesulitan ketika mengerjakan tugas tadi?
S 1 : Apa ya? Nggak tau. Kayanya nggak ada.
S 2 : Gampang kok Mister. Mudah – mudahan ulangannya Mr. Yuli juga pake
gambar.
Interviewer : Researcher
Interviewee: Collaborator
1. Bagaimana pendapat Bapak tentang kegiatan kelas hari ini?
ET : Lancar Mas. Tidak ada kendala yang besar.
2. Menurut Bapak, dengan media gambar – gambar tadi apakah para siswa
terbantu untuk mencari ide untuk bahan menulis teks recount, terutama
tentang pengalaman buruk?
ET : Ya Mas. Tampaknya karena mereka juga tertarik sama gambar – gambar
itu. Dan lebih baik lagi karena mas pakai foto jadi lebih nyata. Tapi saya lihat
memang media ini cocoknya untuk siswa yang sudah mempunyai kemampuan
Bahasa Inggris yang cukup. Kalu untuk mereka yang benar – benar tidak bisa,
mungkin akan kesulitan menggunakannya.
3. Apakah ada saran dan koreksi untuk kegiatan pada hari ini?
ET : Tidak ada Mas. Semua lancar.
4. Menurut Bapak, apakah para siswa sudah siap untuk menghadapi post test
yang akan dilaksanakan besok?
ET : Bila mereka belajar tentunya bisa.
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COURSE GRID
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identify the generic • Noun (Equipments
structure and and places) ; tube, life - Main activities
language features jacket, rubber shoes, a) Building Knowledge of the
of a recount text. cave, meatball seller. Field (BKoF) You can see : You can see :
4. Students are able to • Prepositions: at, in, • The teacher gives warming-up Place : …………. equipment : . . . .
use language questions related to their last Activity : ………… .
inside, on etc.
activity : . . . . . .
features in a • Conjunctions : Firstly, holiday to gather students’
recount text then, next, after that, attention and vocabularies.
properly. (simple and then, finally. • The teacher gives students
past tense and • Adverb of time : some questions related to their You can see :
adverb of time) You can see :
yesterday, last week, knowledge about recount text. equipment : . ..
equipment : . . . .
5. Students are able to two months ago. .
activity : . . . . .
use picture series as b) Modelling of the Text (MoT). activity : . . . . . .
media to make a 3. Generic Structure • The teacher gives an example
recount text. explanation about of a recount text and series of
Recount text entitled pictures that described the text.
You can see : You can see :
‘Cave Tubing in Pindul • The teacher explains the - Place : ………… - Place : …………
Cave’. generic structure of a recount - Activity : ……… - Activity : ………
text and the function of each
part in the text.
• The teacher asks students to
categorize sentences and
pictures based on the generic You can see : You can see :
Drink : . . . . . Place : . . . . .
structure of the recount text. Activity : . . . . . . Activity : . . . . .
• The teacher explains the
language features of a recount
text.
• The teacher asks students to You can see :
pay attention to the language You can see : - impression : . .
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features of the given recount Food : . . . . . . . .. ..
Drink : . . . . .
text.
Activity : . . . . . . - Activity : . . . . .
• The teacher explains how to ..
use the picture series to gather
student’s ideas. Comprehension questions
• The teacher explains and 1. Where did Kessi and her
shows how to use the picture friends go?
series to make sentences to be
2. What did they do there?
a recount text.
3. What equipments did they
c) Joint Construction of the Text wear before starting the trip?
(JCoT)
4. What did they do inside the
• The teacher asks students to
pay attention to the pictures cave?
and match the pictures to the 5. What did they do after the
parts of the recount text in trip?
pairs. 6. How did they feel about the
• Teacher asks students to
trip?
answer in pairs some
comprehension questions
related to the text.
d) Individual Construction of
the Text (ICoT)
• The teacher asks students to
pay attention carefully to the
picture series and write their
ideas from each picture under
it.
98
• The teacher asks students to
write their ideas in the form of
sentences.
Closing activities
a) The teacher reviews the
material briefly.
b) The teacher asks students
whether they understood the
material.
c) The teacher asks students
whether the media helped them
to understand a recount text.
d) The teacher asks students to
keep their portfolio to be used
again for the upcoming
meeting.
e) The teacher asks students to
review the material in their
house.
f) The teacher closes the class by
greeting students.
99
need to state their things) temple, d) The teacher informs the - Activity : ………… …………
- Time : ………….
ideas. paintings, museum, material for the day.
3. Students are able to food, dinner.
make an outline of a • Prepositions: at, in, - Main activities
recount text from inside, on etc. a) Building Knowledge of the
ideas derived from • Conjunctions : Firstly, Field (BKoF)
picture series. then, next, after that, • The teacher gives warming-up
4. Students are able to and then, finally. questions related to their last
make a recount text Your outline : Your Outline :
• Adverb of time : meeting.
from their outline. yesterday, last week, • The teacher gives students
two months ago. some questions about using
simple past tenses and some
past verb.
you can see : you can see :
• The teacher asks students to - Person :
- Person : ………….
open the previous portfolio ………….
entitled ‘Cave Tubing in Pindul - Activity : …………
Cave’ - Activity :
…………
Your Outline : Your Outline :
b) Modelling of the Text (MoT)
• The teacher gives students a
new portfolio with new series
of pictures inside and brief
overview about the portfolio. you can see : you can see :
• The teacher asks students to - Place : …………. - Place : ………….
- Activity : ………… - Activity :
guess what they can see in the …………
pictures. Your Outline : Your Outline
• The teacher asks students to
categorize pictures on the
portfolio to the generic
100
structure of recount text.
c) Joint Construction of the Text you can see :
you can see :
(JCoT) - Place : …………. - Place : ………….
• Teacher asks students to work
- Activity : ………… - Activity :
in pairs to complete the blanks …………
in the pictures based on what Your Outline : Your Outline :
they can see in the pictures.
• Teacher asks students to make
an outline from the words they
have derived from pictures you can see :
you can see :
- Place : ………….
d) Individual Construction of the - Place : ………….
- Activity : …………
Text (ICoT) - Activity :
…………
• The teacher asks students to Your Outline : Your Outline :
make their recount text based Your Outline :
on the outline they have made. ...
101
e) The teacher closes the class by
greeting students.
III 1. Students are able to 1. Recount text entitled - Opening activities 2x
recognize a recount ‘Bajuri’s Unlucky a) The teacher greets the students. Bajuri’s Unlucky Day 40
text. Day’. b) The teacher asks one of the mins
2. Students are able to 2. Vocabulary students to lead a prayer.
know the social • Verbs in past tense. c) The teacher asks students’ 3. What did he
do after that?
function of a Woke up, went, condition and attendance. 1. What did Bajuri
recount text. played, slept, pushed, d) The teacher informs the do?
3. Students are able to material for the day. 2. What time did
missed. he play it?
identify the generic - Main activities
• Noun (Equipments Your sentence here : Your sentence
structure and a) Building Knowledge of the here :
and places) ; tyre
language features of Field (BKoF)
repair stall, class,
a recount text. • The teacher gives warming-up
4. Students are able to motorcycle.
questions related to their last
use language • Prepositions: at, in, holiday. 7. What
inside, on etc. 4. What happened to
features in a recount • The teacher gives students happened his
text properly. • Conjunctions : Firstly, some questions related to their when Bajuri motorcycle?
(simple past tense then, next, after that, knowledge about recount text. woke up?
and adverb of time) and then, finally. 5. What did he
have actually?
5. Students are able to • Adverb of time : b) Modelling of the Text (MoT). 6. What did he do
use picture series as yesterday, last night • The teacher gives an example after wake up?
media to make a of a recount text and series of Your sentence here : Your sentence
recount text. 3. Generic Structure pictures that described in the here :
explanation about text.
Recount text entitled • The teacher explains the
‘Bajuri’s Unlucky Day. generic structure of a recount 9. Where did
8. What did Bajuri Bajuri fix the
text.
do then? problem?
• The teacher asks students to 10. How did he
102
categorize sentences and fix it?
pictures based on the generic
structure of the recount text. Your sentence here : Your sentence
• The teacher explains the here :
language features of a recount
text.
• The teacher asks students to 11. What did Bajuri 13. What did he
see? think?
pay attention to the language 14. How did
12. What did it
features of the given recount mean? Bajuri feel?
text. Your sentence here : Your sentence
• The teacher explains how to here :
use the picture series to gather
student’s ideas.
• The teacher explains and
shows how to use the picture
series to make an outline of a
recount text.
103
• Teacher asks students to fill the
vocabulary enrichment table.
d) Individual Construction of the
Text (ICoT)
• The teacher asks students to
pay attention carefully to the
picture series and write their
ideas from each picture under
it.
• The teacher asks students to
write their ideas in the form of
sentences.
- Closing activities
a) The teacher reviews the
material briefly.
b) The teacher asks students
whether they understood the
material.
c) The teacher asks students
whether the media helped them
to understand a recount text.
d) The teacher asks students to
keep their portfolio to be used
again for the upcoming
meeting.
e) The teacher asks students to
review the material in their
house.
f) The teacher closes the class by
104
greeting students.
IV 1. Students are able to Vocabulary - Opening activities 2x
gather ideas by • Verbs in past tense. a) The teacher greets the students. Yoko’s Unlucky Day 40
using series of Went, wanted, woke b) The teacher asks one of the minu
pictures. up, waited, received, students to lead a prayer. tes
2. Students are able to lost, fired. c) The teacher asks students’
find the words they • Noun (places and condition and attendance. 3. Who was he?
1. What did Yoko
need to state their d) The teacher informs the 4. What did he
things) message, café, do?
do? Where?
ideas. material for the day. 2. What time did
gas station, this activity
3. Students are able to
make an outline of a motorcycle, toilet, - Main activities happen?
recount text from key. b) Building Knowledge of the
Your sentences here Your sentences
: here :
ideas derived from • Prepositions: at, in, Field (BKoF)
picture series. inside, on etc. • The teacher gives warming-up
4. Students are able to • Conjunctions : Firstly, questions related to their last
make a recount text then, next, after that, meeting. 5. Who texted 7. What did he
from their outline. and then, finally. • The teacher gives students Yoko? search?
Adverb of time : some questions about using
6. What did Yoko
feel?
yesterday, this simple past tenses and some Your sentences here Your sentences
morning.. past verb. : here :
• The teacher asks students to
10. What was
open the previous portfolio
entitled ‘Cave Tubing in Pindul
Cave’ 8. Where did he
find it? wrong with
9. What did Yoko Yoko’s
b) Modelling of the Text (MoT) motorcycle?
do after that?
• The teacher gives students a Your sentence here : Your sentence here
new portfolio with new series :
of pictures inside and brief
105
overview about the portfolio.
• The teacher asks students to
guess what they can see in the 11. What did Yoko 12. What did
pictures. do next? happen in
• The teacher asks students to the café?
categorize pictures on the 13. What did
portfolio to the generic Yoko feel?
Your sentence here : Your sentence here
structure of recount text. :
14. What did
c) Joint Construction of the Text happen to
(JCoT) Yoko?
• Teacher asks students to work 15. What did he
feel
in pairs to complete the blanks probably?
in the pictures based on what Your sentence here :
they can see in the pictures.
• Teacher asks students to make
an outline from the words they
have derived from pictures
d) Individual Construction of the
Text (ICoT)
• The teacher asks students to
make their recount text based
on the outline they have made.
- Closing activities
a) The teacher reviews the
material briefly.
b) The teacher asks students
whether they understood the
106
material.
c) The teacher asks students
whether the pictures series help
them to make recount text.
d) The teacher asks students to
review the material in their
house.
e) The teacher closes the class by
greeting students.
107
Lesson Plan I
A. Standard Competence
Writing
6. To express meaning in short functional written text and simple essay in the form of
descriptive, recount and exposition to interact in daily life and in academic context
B. Basic Competence
Writing
6.2 To express meaning in a simple short essay accurately, fluently, and appropriately in
the form descriptive, recount, and exposition to interact in daily life and in
academic context
C. Indicators
6. Students are able to recognize a recount text.
7. Students are able to know the social function of a recount text.
8. Students are able to identify the generic structure and language features of a
recount text.
9. Students are able to use language features in a recount text properly. (simple
past tense and adverb of time)
10. Students are able to use picture series as media to make a recount text.
D. Learning Objective
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to :
1. recognize a recount text.
96
2. know the social function of a recount text.
3. identify the generic structure and language features of a recount text.
4. use language features in a recount text properly. (simple past tense and adverb
of time)
5. Students are able to use picture series as media to make a recount text.
E. Learning Materials
Simple Past Tense
Positive sentences.
97
Cave Tubing in Pindul Cave
Last holiday, Kessi, Ajeng, and Anes went to Pindul cave. They went there at the
afternoon. They wanted to do cave tubing there.
Firstly, they bought tickets at the locket. After that, they wore life jacket. It kept
them safe in the cave. Then, they wore rubber shoes. They also brought some big
tubes.
Then, they directly went inside the cave on the big tube. They felt very excited.
Inside the cave, they took off the tube then swam in the water. There were also
some people inside the cave.
After they finished the trip, they drank ‘wedang pindul’. Then they saw a meatball
seller nearby. Suddenly, they felt very hungry. Then, they ordered meatball and iced
tea.
They finished the trip in Pindul Cave. It was a very happy trip.
Task 2. Pay attention to the generic structure of the recount text below.
Paragraphs Parts
Last holiday, Kessi, Ajeng, and Anes went to Pindul cave. Orientation
They went there at the afternoon. They wanted to do cave
tubing there.
Firstly, they bought tickets at the locket. After that, they Events (1)
wore life jacket. It kept them safe in the cave. Then, they
wore rubber shoes. They also brought some big tubes.
Then, they directly went inside the cave on the big tube. Events (2)
They felt very excited. Inside the cave, they took off the
tube then swam in the water. There were also some people
inside the cave.
After they finished the trip, they drank ‘wedang pindul’.
Then they saw a meatball seller nearby. Suddenly, they felt Events (3)
very hungry. Then, they ordered meatball and iced tea.
They finished the trip in Pindul Cave. It was a very happy Re-orientation
trip.
98
F. Teaching Method
Communicative language teaching
1. BKOF (Building Knowledge of the Field)
2. MOT (Modelling of the Text)
3. JCOT (Joint Construction of the Text)
4. ICOT (Independent Construction of the Text)
G. Learning Activities
- Opening activities
e) The teacher greets the students.
f) The teacher asks one of the students to lead a prayer.
g) The teacher asks students’ condition and attendance.
h) The teacher informs the material for the day.
- Main activities
c) Building Knowledge of the Field (BKoF)
• The teacher gives warming-up questions related to their last holiday to
gather students’ attention and vocabularies.
• The teacher gives students some questions related to their knowledge about
recount text.
99
• The teacher explains how to use the picture series to gather student’s ideas.
• The teacher explains and shows how to use the picture series to make
sentences to be a recount text.
100
H. Assessments
Cave Tubing in Pindul Cave
In this picture, you can see :
- Place : ………….
- Activity : …………
- Time : ………….
You can see : You can see : You can see : You can see :
Place : …………. equipment : . . . . . equipment : . .. equipment : . . . . .
Activity : ………… activity : . . . . . . activity : . . . . . activity : . . . . . .
Activity : . . . . . . .
101
7. Where did Kessi and her friends go?
8. What did they do there?
9. What equipments did they wear before starting the trip?
10. What did they do inside the cave?
11. What did they do after the trip?
12. How did they feel about the trip?
102
Lesson Plan II
A. Standard Competence
Writing
6. To express meaning in short functional written text and simple essay in the form of
descriptive, recount and exposition to interact in daily life and in academic context
B. Basic Competence
Writing
6.2 To express meaning in a simple short essay accurately, fluently, and appropriately in
the form descriptive, recount, and exposition to interact in daily life and in
academic context
C. Indicators
11. Students are able to gather ideas by using series of pictures.
12. Students are able to find the words they need to state their ideas.
13. Students are able to make an outline of a recount text from ideas derived from
picture series.
14. Students are able to make a recount text from their outline.
D. Learning Objective
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to :
6. gather ideas by using series of pictures.
7. find the words they need to state their ideas.
103
8. make an outline of a recount text from ideas derived from picture series.
9. make a recount text from their outline.
E. Learning Materials
Simple Past Tense
Positive sentences.
F. Teaching Method
Communicative language teaching
5. BKOF (Building Knowledge of the Field)
6. MOT (Modelling of the Text)
7. JCOT (Joint Construction of the Text)
104
8. ICOT (Independent Construction of the Text)
G. Learning Activities
- Opening activities
i) The teacher greets the students.
j) The teacher asks one of the students to lead a prayer.
k) The teacher asks students’ condition and attendance.
l) The teacher informs the material for the day.
- Main activities
d) Building Knowledge of the Field (BKoF)
• The teacher gives warming-up questions related to their last meeting.
• The teacher gives students some questions about using simple past tenses
and some past verb.
• The teacher asks students to open the previous portfolio entitled ‘Cave
Tubing in Pindul Cave’
105
• The teacher asks students to make their recount text based on the outline
they have made.
- Closing activities
m) The teacher reviews the material briefly.
n) The teacher asks students whether they understood the material.
o) The teacher asks students whether the pictures series help them to make
recount text.
p) The teacher asks students to review the material in their house.
q) The teacher closes the class by greeting students.
I. Assesments
A Trip to Borobudur Temple
- Activity : …………
- Time : ………….
Your outline :
106
you can see : you can see :
- Place : …………. - Person : …………. you can see :
- Person : ………….
- Activity : ………… - Activity : …………
- Activity : …………
107
Your Outline : Your Outline : Your Outline :
Your Outline :
108
Lesson Plan III
A. Standard Competence
Writing
6. To express meaning in short functional written text and simple essay in the form of
descriptive, recount and exposition to interact in daily life and in academic context
B. Basic Competence
Writing
6.2 To express meaning in a simple short essay accurately, fluently, and appropriately in
the form descriptive, recount, and exposition to interact in daily life and in
academic context
C. Indicators
15. Students are able to recognize a recount text.
16. Students are able to know the social function of a recount text.
17. Students are able to identify the generic structure and language features of a
recount text.
18. Students are able to use language features in a recount text properly. (simple
past tense and adverb of time)
19. Students are able to use picture series as media to make a recount text.
D. Learning Objective
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to :
10. recognize a recount text.
109
11. know the social function of a recount text.
12. identify the generic structure and language features of a recount text.
13. use language features in a recount text properly. (simple past tense and adverb
of time)
14. Students are able to use picture series as media to make a recount text.
E. Learning Materials
Simple Past Tense
Positive sentences.
110
Bajuri’s Unlucky Day
I want to tell you about Bajuri’s unlucky day. It started from last Sunday, he played
football game until 3 a.m. After that, he felt sleepy and went to bed.
On the way to his campus, Bajuri got flat tyre. Then he pushed the motorcycle for
few hundred metres. After that, he found a tyre – repair stall. Then, he pumped air
to the flat tyre.
Bajuri thought that day was his very unlucky day. He felt so disappointed.
Task 2. Pay attention to the generic structure of the recount text below.
Paragraphs Parts
I want to tell you about Bajuri’s unlucky day. It started Orientation
from last Sunday, he played football game until 3 a.m. After
that, he felt sleepy and went to bed.
On the way to his campus, Bajuri got flat tyre. Then he Events (2)
pushed the motorcycle for few hundred metres. After that,
he found a tyre – repair stall. Then, he pumped air to the
flat tyre.
111
F. Teaching Method
Communicative language teaching
9. BKOF (Building Knowledge of the Field)
10. MOT (Modelling of the Text)
11. JCOT (Joint Construction of the Text)
12. ICOT (Independent Construction of the Text)
G. Learning Activities
- Opening activities
m) The teacher greets the students.
n) The teacher asks one of the students to lead a prayer.
o) The teacher asks students’ condition and attendance.
p) The teacher informs the material for the day.
- Main activities
e) Building Knowledge of the Field (BKoF)
• The teacher gives warming-up questions related to their last holiday.
• The teacher gives students some questions related to their knowledge about
recount text.
112
• The teacher explains and shows how to use the picture series to make an
outline of a recount text.
- Closing activities
r) The teacher reviews the material briefly.
s) The teacher asks students whether they understood the material.
t) The teacher asks students whether the media helped them to understand a
recount text.
u) The teacher asks students to keep their portfolio to be used again for the
upcoming meeting.
v) The teacher asks students to review the material in their house.
w) The teacher closes the class by greeting students.
H. Assessments
Task 3. Fill the table with the meanings of the words below.
113
2. Went to bed 6. Tyre – repair stall
3. shocked 7. arrived
4. examination 8. disappointed
114
23. Where did Bajuri fix the problem?
22. What did Bajuri do then? 24. How did he fix it?
115
Lesson Plan IV
A. Standard Competence
Writing
6. To express meaning in short functional written text and simple essay in the form of
descriptive, recount and exposition to interact in daily life and in academic context
B. Basic Competence
Writing
6.2 To express meaning in a simple short essay accurately, fluently, and appropriately in
the form descriptive, recount, and exposition to interact in daily life and in
academic context
C. Indicators
20. Students are able to gather ideas by using series of pictures.
21. Students are able to find the words they need to state their ideas.
22. Students are able to make an outline of a recount text from ideas derived from
picture series.
23. Students are able to make a recount text from their outline.
D. Learning Objective
At the end of the lesson, the students are able to :
15. gather ideas by using series of pictures.
16. find the words they need to state their ideas.
116
17. make an outline of a recount text from ideas derived from picture series.
18. make a recount text from their outline.
E. Learning Materials
Simple Past Tense
Positive sentences.
F. Teaching Method
Communicative language teaching
13. BKOF (Building Knowledge of the Field)
14. MOT (Modelling of the Text)
15. JCOT (Joint Construction of the Text)
117
16. ICOT (Independent Construction of the Text)
G. Learning Activities
- Opening activities
q) The teacher greets the students.
r) The teacher asks one of the students to lead a prayer.
s) The teacher asks students’ condition and attendance.
t) The teacher informs the material for the day.
- Main activities
f) Building Knowledge of the Field (BKoF)
• The teacher gives warming-up questions related to their last meeting.
• The teacher gives students some questions about using simple past tenses
and some past verb.
• The teacher asks students to open the previous portfolio entitled ‘Cave
Tubing in Pindul Cave’
118
d) Individual Construction of the Text (ICoT)
• The teacher asks students to make their recount text based on the outline
they have made.
- Closing activities
x) The teacher reviews the material briefly.
y) The teacher asks students whether they understood the material.
z) The teacher asks students whether the pictures series help them to make
recount text.
aa) The teacher asks students to review the material in their house.
bb) The teacher closes the class by greeting students.
I. Assesments
119
Your sentences here : Your sentences here :
1. What did
happen in
the café?
2. What did
Yoko feel?
1. What did Yoko do next?
Your sentence here : Your sentence here :
120
WRITING SCORE
Date
No Name
Pretest Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Post test
1 ADELIA WIDYA PRATIWI 58 75 74 65
2 AJI BAYU SATRIA 55 65 75 58
3 ANDIENE IZAZ NURUN PUTRI 67 78 82 80
4 ANGGADHEA HANDIFA SAPUTRI 70 85 90 78
5 ANITA WENDY PUSPITASARI 60 70 72 65
6 ARDIFA KHAMDA BUDI CAHYA 64 75 72 88
7 ATHALA AQSA YENI 64 72 74 80
8 RIFKY PRATAMA PUTRA 58 78 70 68
9 BAYU KRISNANTO 58 75 78 75
10 DAFFA RIZKIKA MAULANA ABDULLAH 50 72 74 70
11 DIAS PUSPITASARI 56 70 72 78
12 DIMAS FADILLAH DJIWANDANA 54 70 70 78
13 FATURRAHMAN RIZKU NUGRAHA 52 62 68 75
14 FEBRIAN RAHMAT ADI NUGROHO 50 65 60 75
15 FIIHINA ADISTY ROCHMA NUR SOLI 68 78 65 75
16 GUSNANDIA AFAL AULIA 42 75 62 50
17 HAFIDZ AQSHA RIZKY PUSTAKA 52 68 65 72
18 HERMAWAN WAHYU SAPUTRO 50 70 74 74
19 HUSNI MUBAROK 52 64 50 67
20 IRFAN ARMA GUNAWAN 54 70 78 78
21 KUKUH DWI PRASETYO 56 70 75 78
22 M. APRILINO NUGRAHA 52 68 72 75
23 ARDIANSYAH AHMAD FAUZAN 50 55 50 60
24 MOH. AGIL VAD AQ 60 68 76 80
25 MUHAMMAD RIZKY 62 70 74 78
26 NADIA NISWA SANIA 58 68 72 75
27 NAURA MEDISA PUTRI 60 80 78 75
28 R. JUAN KHAFILA 55 68 68 78
29 RAHMAD DANA 48 52 50 65
30 RAMDANI ARDHI PRIHATMOKO 52 75 70 73
31 RIFAN WIRAWAN 62 68 62 74
32 RYANDIKA VALKAN 50 58 50 80
33 SEPTANTYA PUSPANING KINASIH 60 78 80 78
34 TESYA DWI LARAS KUSUMANINGRUM 58 70 82 80
35 VICKA MEMA MAYANG GADHISMA 52 75 65 70
36 VINA ASYURA HANAVI 52 74 78 76
37 GHASSANI ANGGRAINY PUTRI 60 78 82 86
121
OBSERVATION SHEET
No Statements Descriptions
122
8 Students have enough vocabularies
needed to express their ideas
123
124
125
126
127
The researcher was explaining
the generic structure and social
function of a recount text.
128
A student was trying to gather
his ideas by using picture series.
129