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Kinds of Writings

Handwriting is the result of complex muscular habits developed through practice. There are three main kinds: cursive, which connects letters; script, which separates letters; and block letters written in all capitals. Handwriting identification is based on the idea that muscular habits formed through life experiences result in handwriting that is unique to an individual and difficult to imitate. Variations in handwriting are normal due to external factors and the positioning of letters. The multitude of possible variations makes handwriting hard to duplicate exactly, thus allowing for individual identification.

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7K views2 pages

Kinds of Writings

Handwriting is the result of complex muscular habits developed through practice. There are three main kinds: cursive, which connects letters; script, which separates letters; and block letters written in all capitals. Handwriting identification is based on the idea that muscular habits formed through life experiences result in handwriting that is unique to an individual and difficult to imitate. Variations in handwriting are normal due to external factors and the positioning of letters. The multitude of possible variations makes handwriting hard to duplicate exactly, thus allowing for individual identification.

Uploaded by

gracia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HANDWRITING - It is the result of a very complicated series of facts, being used as

whole, combination of certain forms of visible mental and muscular habits acquired by long,
continued painstaking effort. Some defined handwriting as “visible speech.”

KINDS OF WRITINGS:
A. Cursive – connected; writing in which one letter is joined to the next.
B. Script – separated or printed writing.
C. BLOCK – all CAPITAL LETTERS.

BASIS OF HANDWRITING IDENTIFICATION:


A. In Wignore's Principles of judicial Proof, handwriting is defined as a visible effect of
bodily movement which is an almost unconscious expression of fixed muscular habits,
reacting from fixed mental impression of certain ideas associated with script form.
B. Environment, education and occupation affect individuals so variously in the formation of
these muscular habits that finally the act of writing becomes an almost automatic
succession of acts stimulated by these habits.
C. The imitation of the style of writing by another person becomes difficult because the other
person cannot by mere will power reproduce in himself all the muscular combination from
the habit of the first writer.
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF HANDWRITING:
In writing the pen functions as an extension of the hand. The fingers transmit to the
paper, the directive impulse and the variation in muscular tension that according to the nature
of tie writer's nervous organization occur during the act or writing.
This center near the motor area of the cortex is responsible for the finger movement
involved in handwriting. The importance of this center is that when it becomes diseased as in
a graphic, one loses the ability to write although he could still grasp a fountain pen, ball pen
or pencil. Thus, the ability or power to hold a fountain pen or pencil to form symbols and
words can be said to emanate from its cortical center.

Two Groups of Muscles Involve in Handwriting:


1. extensor muscles - push up the pen to form the upward strokes
2. flexor muscles -which push the pen to from the downward strokes.

Generally speaking, four groups of muscles are employed in writing - those which


operate the joints of the fingers, wrist, elbow, and shoulder. The delicate way in which the
various muscles used in writing work together to produce written form is known as motor
coordination.

VARIATIONS IN HANDWRITING
A more or less definite pattern for each is stored away in the subjective mind but the hand
does not always produce a stereotyped duplicate of that pattern. The hand ordinarily is not an
instrument of precision and therefore we may not expect every habitual manual operation to
be absolutely uniform. The greater this skill in the art of penmanship, the less the variations
there will be in the form of individualize letters as well as in the writing as a whole.
A. CAUSES OF VARIATION:
1. Function of some external condition i.e. influence of the available space.
2. Abnormal conditions such as physical injury, toxic effects, inebriation's, emotion and
deception.
3. Position of letter - all the letters are to be found initially, medially, and finally. The fact
of a different position, especially in combination with another and particular letter, may
modify any of them in some way or another.

B. IMPORTANCE OF VARIATION
1. Personal variation encountered under normal writing conditions is also a highly important
element of identification. The qualities of personal variation include both its nature and
its extent. It becomes necessary to determine the amount, extent, and exact quality of the
variations.
2. It is improbable that the variety and extent of the variation in handwriting will be exactly
duplicated in two individuals that such a coincidence becomes practically impossible and
this multitude of possible variations when combined is what constitutes individuality in
handwriting.
3. With a group of signatures of a particular writer, certain normal divergence in size, lateral
spacing and proportions actually indicate genuineness. Variation in genuine writing is
ordinarily in superficial parts and in size, proportions, degree of care given to the act,
design, slant, shading, vigor, angularity, roundness and direction of stroke.

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