3D PRINTING

ADVANTAGES:

This production process offers a range of advantages compared to traditional

manufacturing methods. These advantages include those related to design, time and
cost, amongst others.

1. Flexible Design

3D printing allows for the design and print of more complex designs than traditional
manufacturing processes. More traditional processes have design restrictions which no
longer apply with the use of 3D printing.

2. Rapid Prototyping

3D printing can manufacture parts within hours, which speeds up

the prototyping process. This allows for each stage to complete faster. When compared
to machining prototypes, 3D printing is inexpensive and quicker at creating parts as the
part can be finished in hours, allowing for each design modification to be completed at a
much more efficient rate.

3. Print on Demand

Print on demand is another advantage as it doesn’t need a lot of space to stock

inventory, unlike traditional manufacturing processes. This saves space and costs as
there is no need to print in bulk unless required.

The 3D design files are all stored in a virtual library as they are printed using a 3D
model as either a CAD or STL file, this means they can be located and printed when
needed. Edits to designs can be made at very low costs by editing individual files
without wastage of out of date inventory and investing in tools.

4. Strong and Lightweight Parts

The main 3D printing material used is plastic, although some metals can also be used
for 3D printing. However, plastics offer advantages as they are lighter than their metal
equivalents. This is particularly important in industries such as automotive and
aerospace where light-weighting is an issue and can deliver greater fuel efficiency.

Also, parts can be created from tailored materials to provide specific properties such as
heat resistance, higher strength or water repellency.

5. Fast Design and Production

Depending on a part’s design and complexity, 3D printing can print objects within hours,
which is much faster than moulded or machined parts. It is not only the manufacture of
the part that can offer time savings through 3D printing but also the design process can
be very quick by creating STL or CAD files ready to be printed.

6. Minimising Waste

The production of parts only requires the materials needed for the part itself, with little or
no wastage as compared to alternative methods which are cut from large chunks of
non-recyclable materials. Not only does the process save on resources but it also
reduces the cost of the materials being used.

7. Cost Effective

As a single step manufacturing process, 3D printing saves time and therefore costs
associated with using different machines for manufacture. 3D printers can also be set
up and left to get on with the job, meaning that there is no need for operators to be
present the entire time. As mentioned above, this manufacturing process can also
reduce costs on materials as it only uses the amount of material required for the part
itself, with little or no wastage. While 3D printing equipment can be expensive to buy,
you can even avoid this cost by outsourcing your project to a 3D printing service
company.

8. Ease of Access

3D printers are becoming more and more accessible with more local service providers
offering outsourcing services for manufacturing work. This saves time and doesn’t
require expensive transport costs compared to more traditional manufacturing
processes produced abroad in countries such as China.

9. Environmentally Friendly

As this technology reduces the amount of material wastage used this process is
inherently environmentally friendly. However, the environmental benefits are extended
when you consider factors such as improved fuel efficiency from using lightweight 3D
printed parts.

10. Advanced Healthcare

3D printing is being used in the medical sector to help save lives by printing organs for
the human body such as livers, kidneys and hearts. Further advances and uses are
being developed in the healthcare sector providing some of the biggest advances from
using the technology.

DISADVANTAGES:
Like with almost any other process there are also drawbacks of 3D printing
technology which should be considered before opting to use this process.

1. Limited Materials

While 3D Printing can create items in a selection of plastics and metals the available
selection of raw materials is not exhaustive. This is due to the fact that not all metals or
plastics can be temperature controlled enough to allow 3D printing. In addition, many of
these printable materials cannot be recycled and very few are food safe.

2. Restricted Build Size

3D printers currently have small print chambers which restrict the size of parts that can
be printed. Anything bigger will need to be printed in separate parts and joined together
after production. This can increase costs and time for larger parts due to the printer
needing to print more parts before manual labour is used to join the parts together.

3. Post Processing

Although large parts require post-processing, as mentioned above, most 3D printed

parts need some form of cleaning up to remove support material from the build and to
smooth the surface to achieve the required finish. Post processing methods used
include waterjetting, sanding, a chemical soak and rinse, air or heat drying, assembly
and others. The amount of post processing required depends on factors including the
size of the part being produced, the intended application and the type of 3D printing
technology used for production. So, while 3D printing allows for the fast production of
parts, the speed of manufacture can be slowed by post processing.

4. Large Volumes

3D printing is a static cost unlike more conventional techniques like injection moulding,
where large volumes may be more cost effective to produce. While the initial investment
for 3D printing may be lower than other manufacturing methods, once scaled up to
produce large volumes for mass production, the cost per unit does not reduce as it
would with injection moulding.

5. Part Structure

ith 3D printing (also known as Additive Manufacturing) parts are produced layer-by-
layer. Although these layers adhere together it also means that they can delaminate
under certain stresses or orientations. This problem is more significant when producing
items using fused deposition modelling (FDM), while polyjet and multijet parts also tend
to be more brittle. In certain cases it may be better to use injection moulding as it
creates homogenous parts that will not separate and break.

6. Reduction in Manufacturing Jobs

Another of the disadvantages of 3D technology is the potential reduction in human
labour, since most of the production is automated and done by printers. However, many
third world countries rely on low skill jobs to keep their economies running, and this
technology could put these manufacturing jobs at risk by cutting out the need for
production abroad.

7. Design Inaccuracies

Another potential problem with 3D printing is directly related to the type of machine or
process used, with some printers having lower tolerances, meaning that final parts may
differ from the original design. This can be fixed in post processing, but it must be
considered that this will further increase the time and cost of production. 

8. Copyright Issues

SMARTPHONES

ADVANTAGES:
 Keep your loved ones in touch, either through calls, text or images, .which
express the feeling in a sweet and amusing way.
 You may know where you are and find easy ways and routes to go anywhere,
especially in an unknown place.
 You can make the world listen to your voice in a touch.
 You can spend your time wisely reading the news or doing some official work.
 Can entertain yourself with games, music or movies.
 Can always be available socially.
 Can avail the Customer service offers to be easily accessible.
 Food and groceries can be ordered online.
 Email and Banking become easy.
 Endless apps are available to make your dreams come true.

DISADVANTAGES:
 The electromagnetic radiation will be high because of the heavy internet usage
and might lead to health problems such as a brain tumor and Skin Cancer.
 The HEV light emitted from the screen of a smartphone leads to severe eye-
strain during long-time use and would slowly damage the retina.
  Even many psychological issues such as loneliness, being suspicious all the
time, feeling self-centered etc. are caused by using a smartphone and being
online, for most of the time.
 Spending most of the time on your phone creates neck problems and sleep
deprivation.
 Exposure to unwanted things on the internet affects a child’s growth mentally and
even physically.

 As too much of anything is good for nothing, depending on a smartphone for

everything makes you addicted.
 Being online for most of the time keeps you away from having real experiences
and having real friends, to share your mind.
 Having checked all the time for online security, you start losing trust in people
around you.
 Forwarding the messages and sharing the videos online regarding humanity, one
might forget the real meaning behind it.
 With all these things around, the family life gets affected.
 Few of them get really addicted that they text or watch videos while on roads and
talk on the phone while driving, which causes serious trouble as being busy
makes you react slow.
 Chances of losing money due to fraudulence on the internet.
 Usage of Apps by not having complete awareness might lead to the leakage of
personal information, which could be really dangerous.
 With every emerging new model, there come new features which are really
tempting to use and you may get into the crazy whirlpool of going for new models
always

Wifi

ADVANTAGES:
 Convenience

– The wireless nature of such networks allow users to access network resources
from nearly any convenient location within their primary networking environment
(a home or office). With the increasing saturation of laptop-style computers, this is
particularly relevant.
 Mobility
 – With the emergence of public wireless networks, users can access the internet
even outside their normal work environment. Most chain coffee shops, for example,
offer their customers a wireless connection to the internet at little or no cost.
 Productivity

– Users connected to a wireless network can maintain a nearly constant affiliation

with their desired network as they move from place to place. For a business, this
implies that an employee can potentially be more productive as his or her work can
be accomplished from any convenient location.
 Deployment

– Initial setup of an infrastructure-based wireless network requires little more than a

single access point. Wired networks, on the other hand, have the additional cost and
complexity of actual physical cables being run to numerous locations (which can
even be impossible for hard-to-reach locations within a building).
 Expandability

– Wireless networks can serve a suddenly-increased number of clients with the

existing equipment. In a wired network, additional clients would require additional
wiring.
 Cost

– Wireless networking hardware is at worst a modest increase from wired

counterparts. This potentially increased cost is almost always more than outweighed
by the savings in cost and labor associated to running physical cables.

For a given networking situation, wireless LANs may not be desirable for a number
of reasons. Most of these have to do with the inherent limitations of the technology.

Disadvantages:
 Security

– To combat this consideration, wireless networks may choose to utilize some of the
various encryption technologies available. Some of the more commonly utilized
encryption methods, however, are known to have weaknesses that a dedicated
adversary can compromise.
 Range

– The typical range of a common 802.11g network with standard equipment is on the
order of tens of meters. While sufficient for a typical home, it will be insufficient in a
larger structure. To obtain additional range, repeaters or additional access points will
have to be purchased. Costs for these items can add up quickly.
 Reliability
 – Like any radio frequency transmission, wireless networking signals are subject to a
wide variety of interference, as well as complex propagation effects that are beyond
the control of the network administrator.
 Speed

–  The speed on most wireless networks (typically 1-54 Mbps) is far slower than
even the slowest common wired networks (100Mbps up to several Gbps). However,
in specialized environments, the throughput of a wired network might be necessary.

Advantages of computer
Multitasking
Multitasking is one of the major advantage of computer. Person can perform multiple
task, multiple operation, calculate numerical problems within few seconds. Computer
can perform trillion of instructions per second.
Speed
Now computer is not just a calculating device. Now a day’s computer has very important
role in human life. One of the main advantages of computer is its incredible speed,
which helps human to complete their task in few seconds. All the operations can be
performed very fast just because of its speed elsewise it takes a long time to perform
the task.
Cost/ Stores huge amount of data
It is a low cost solution. Person can save huge data within a low budget.
Centralized database of storing information is the major advantage that can reduce
cost.
Accuracy
One of the root advantage of computer is that can perform not only calculations but also
with accuracy.
Data Security
Protecting digital data is known as data security. Computer provide security from
destructive forces and from unwanted action from unauthorized users like cyberattack
or access attack.
Disadvantage of Computer
As we know advantage comes with disadvantage.
Virus and hacking attacks
Virus is a worm and hacking is simply an unauthorized access over computer for some
illicit purpose. Virus is being transferred from email attachment, viewing an infected
website advertisement, through removable device like USB etc. once virus is transferred
in host computer it can infect file, overwrite the file etc.
For example: Huge portion of internet was going down including Twitter, Netflix, Reddit
 and CNN in October 2016 because the largest DDoS attack was launched on service
provider DYN using IoT Botnet.
Online Cyber Crimes
Online cyber-crime means computer and network may have used in order to commit
crime. Cyberstalking and Identity theft are the points which comes under online cyber-
crimes. For example: one may get the access of the access to your shopping account
like amazon account now that person will be able to know your personal details like
debit card or credit card number which can be than misused.
Reduction in employment opportunity
Mainly past generation was not used of the computer or they have the knowledge of
computer they faced a big problem when computer came in field. As we have seen in
banking sector senior bank employees faced this problem when computer came to the
banking sector.
Above were the main disadvantage of computer, no IQ, Dependency, No feeling, Break
down are the basic disadvantages of computer.

Here are the 10 Advantages of Books:

 Gives new way to life, Gives Different perspective to life. ...
 Reading makes you smarter. ...
 Reading Increase creativity and Imagination. ...
 Improves memory. ...
 To learn from masters. ...
 Improves Vocabulary and English. ...
 Increase Desire towards achieving goals. ...
 Lower Stress level.

Disadvantages of printed books •

Inconvenience – they can be heavy and hard to carry around.
You need lighting – you can't read a printed book at night without external lighting.
Lack of space – printed books can take up a lot of space in your home

DVANTAGES OF VIDEO SURVEILLANCE CAMERA SYSTEMS

1.    Theft and burglary prevention – One of the main benefits of having a video
surveillance camera security system that is installed in your home, property or business
is that the security it offers when preventing thieves from breaking into your house as
you can be able to see them and call the police thus preventing theft from ever
happening. Thieves and burglars tend to retaliate when they see security cameras in a
property.

2. Legal recording of a crime - One of the most amazing things about a video
surveillance camera system is that you can obtain video footage that you can use as
evidence in the event of a crime. In the case of a workplace or school, the surveillance
 camera system can record evidence of acts such as sexual harassment. This video
surveillance cameras will also enable you to monitor your employees without
questioning them if you suspect employee theft.

3. Ability to build a large network of security cameras - If your house or business is very
big, you can opt to install several cameras instead of oe and then connect them to a
network. All the camera’s view can be fed to a central monitor room where they can be
monitored by security personnel.

4. Convenient monitoring - You can be able to access your video surveillance footage
on the Internet or using your smartphone.

DISADVANTAGES OF VIDEO SURVEILLANCE CAMERA SYSTEMS

1. Cost of Purchase and Installation - This is the largest disadvantage of a video

surveillance camera system. In some cases, you must have to purchase the camera
separately as well as the digital video recorder Additionally, you might need to renew
your software by updating from time to time, and the repairs to video surveillance
systems can be very costly.

2. Complex to use – If you are not interested in technology and you lack access to the
tool of trade then you are going to have a hard time learning how to use the
video surveillance camera systems as most of them are complex. Nevertheless, the
systems do come with well documented manuals that can be of great help to you.

3. Privacy issues -  Some family members in your home or employees in your business
might be offended by the presence of cameras in their offices. Hidden video
surveillance are illegal and can lead one to court.
Pros
 Calculators can save a whole lot of computational time
Using a calculator in classes can help students save a whole lot of computational time
on basic arithmetical calculations.
This makes it easier for them to stress more on important math concepts rather than
stressing more on basic arithmetical calculations.
By mid-school or high-school, students are already expected to know the basics of
operational arithmetic. It’s also expected of them to know how to do computations on
their own. After all, they had learned to do the very same thing in their immediate
previous classes.
So the use of calculators in middle school or high schools will do them more good than
harm, to be honest. Hence, it can be said the use of calculators in middle/high schools
for computations is a definite upside in itself.
 Calculators can help to enhance the technical knowledge of a student
No; we aren’t kidding.
Calculators might look too simple on the hindsight, but if you come closer, you will see
that you do require a little bit of technical knowledge to operate them properly,
especially when the calculator in question is a scientific calculator of all.
 Hence, it’s perfect for students to know the different ways of operating a calculator from
the middle schools itself.
 Computations done via calculators are more accurate to the ones done by
humans
This is a no-brainer.
Using calculators can significantly improve the level of accuracy in calculations. Along
with that, there’s also the factor of speed. A calculator can come up with the answer in
the blink of an eye. If this is not a benefit, we don’t know what is.
Cons
The downsides of using calculators in lower classes are a bit too many. The cartoon
below can explain this better.

Anyway, let’s take a peek at a few of the major cons of using a calculator without further
ado.
 Calculators help to promote complacency in students
Yes, this might sound a bit too ridiculous at first glance, but this is undoubtedly a fact
that has become quite prevalent in modern day education.
Calculators can really promote complacency in kids.
That’s because they are now able to complete their homework way before schedule;
thanks to the magic of using a calculator.
The answers are right there at the click of a button. Why would s/he even think of
calculating them on his/her own? The calculator will do the job on his/her behalf. As a
result, their performance suffers badly in exams where they aren’t allowed the luxury of
using a calculator. This is a definite con in itself.
 Calculators can aid a lot in cheating
 Gone are the days when calculators were used only for calculations.
Today, we have advanced scientific calculators where a certain amount of data can be
stored as well depending on the requirements of the user. So naturally, it becomes a
cheater’s paradise.
 Calculators aren’t inexpensive
Price is always a factor. The same should be applicable in the case of a calculator.
Calculators don’t come in dimes a dozen.
And some of those advanced scientific ones are more than capable of burning a huge
hole in your pocket. Then, comes the question of batteries and all.
So, in a nutshell, we can easily say that the expensive price tag of a calculator is its
biggest downside of all.
A few more downsides:
 Calculators result in dependence. Students may find themselves in situations
where they won’t be able to perform even the easiest calculations of all without the aid
of a calculator.
 Calculators encourage students to randomly try out a variety of arithmetical
operations without understanding the reasons behind their usage.
 They give students a false sense of confidence about their math ability (see the
“complacency” point again that’s mentioned up above).
The Advantages and Disadvantages Of Using Wikipedia
Advantages
 anyone can edit
 easy to use and learn
 Wikis are instantaneous so there is no need to wait for a publisher to create a
new edition or update information
 people located in different parts of the world can work on the same document
 the wiki software keeps track of every edit made and it’s a simple process to
revert back to a previous version of an article
 widens access to the power of web publishing to non-technical users
 Wikipedia has no predetermined structure – consequently it is a flexible tool
which can be used for a wide range of applications
 There are a wide range of open source software wiki’s to choose from so
licensing costs shouldn’t be a barrier to installing an institutional Wikipedia.
Disadvantages
Advantages in one context, may be disadvantages in another.
 Anyone can edit so this may be too open for some applications, for example
confidential documentation. However it is possible to regulate user access.
 Open to SPAM and Vandalism if not managed properly. There are easy ways to
restore a page however, and on WikiEducator you must be logged in to edit pages so
this reduces vandalism by automated spam bots.
 Requires Internet connectivity to collaborate, but technologies to produce print
versions of articles are improving
 The flexibility of a wiki’s structure can mean that information becomes
disorganised. As a wiki grows, the community plans and administers the structure
collaboratively.
 The usual guidelines for healthy computer use apply