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Science-Methods Improvisation PDF

The document discusses improvisation in science education, which involves using locally available, low-cost materials to teach science concepts and perform experiments. Some key benefits of improvisation include developing students' manipulative skills, replacing expensive equipment, and making science learning more engaging. While crude improvised materials may not be as accurate as standard equipment, it allows practical learning. The document outlines different types of improvisation, provides examples of substituting and constructing new materials, and suggests low-cost alternatives that can be used to improvise common lab equipment and materials.

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Harun Ibrahim
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281 views2 pages

Science-Methods Improvisation PDF

The document discusses improvisation in science education, which involves using locally available, low-cost materials to teach science concepts and perform experiments. Some key benefits of improvisation include developing students' manipulative skills, replacing expensive equipment, and making science learning more engaging. While crude improvised materials may not be as accurate as standard equipment, it allows practical learning. The document outlines different types of improvisation, provides examples of substituting and constructing new materials, and suggests low-cost alternatives that can be used to improvise common lab equipment and materials.

Uploaded by

Harun Ibrahim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IMPROVISATION

The preparation and use of relatively low cheap local/readily available materials to teach science
or for instruction

IMPORTANCE OF IMPROVISATION

Student learns to handle tools. i.e they develop manipulative skills


Science equipments are readily replaceable
It is expensive i.e low cost materials are used
It enables the students to be involved in practical activity at the same time
It is used in place of dangerous/sophisticated /unavailable equipment
It helps appreciate discarded scrap or materials
It makes science learning interesting
It makes the teacher resourceful

DISADVANTAGES

Crude materials are not standard/modern


Results will be affected
Learners will not be abreast with the use of modern equipment
Requires a resourceful teacher
Time consuming in its preparation

Principles Involved In Improvisation

The function and working principles involved


Where and how to get bit and pieces needed for improvisation
The need to co-operative with some local craftsmen for example, carpenters fitters etc.
Does the improvised material work?
Does it suite the level of the children?
Is the improvised material safe?
Are materials readily available?

TYPES OF IMPROVISATION
1. Improvisation by substitution
2. Improvisation by construction

IMPROVISATION BY SUBSTITUTION
This means using improvised material in place of real or original materials. For example, using
clean cloth in place of filter paper is a form of improvisation by substitution

IMPROVISATION BY CONSTRUCTION
This means constructing improvised materials to operate just as the original one to perform the
same function as the original one. Example constructing beam balance in place of the original one,
construction of a circuit board, construction of beaker measuring cylinder etc

SOME SUGGESTED IMPROVISED MATERIALS FOR TEACHING SCIENCE IN BASIC SCHOOLS


No. Materials Improvised Materials
1. Filter Paper Cotton wool/cloth/cement paper
2. Beam balance Make two scale pans from coffee tin lids or plastic pipelines.
Hang these by thread at the ends of a cloth hanger. Hang the
hanger by its hook on a nail
3. Delivery tube Infusion tube boiled for 15 minutes before use
4. Magnifying glass or Pick used transparent electric bulb, break off the metal and
hand lens remove the inner glass which holds the filament. Wash and fill
with water and use to observe things. Other things that can be
used are spectacles, a clear bottle, a beaker
5. Concave mirror Use steel wool or metal polish with cotton to polish
thoroughly the bottom part of an empty canned drinks e.g.
Fanta , Coke etc
6. Beaker and funnel Get a transparent plastic bottle and cut through its
circumference (2/3 way of its height). Use bottom portion as
beaker and top portion as funnel
7. Indicators Detach and grind some petals of flowers. Add water to the
ground pulp , boil it for some few minutes. Allow to settle on
cooling and filter solution. Dyes a filter paper with solution
allow drying and using as litmus paper for acid and alkaline
tests.
8. Acids Extract juices of lime, lemon or tomato and use as acids. Also
one can use vinegar, acids from car batteries
9. Rubber stopper or These can be cut from discarded bathroom sandals, corn stalk
corker cob, bamboo or raffia palm stalk etc. By cutting them to be
required shape
10. Magnets Get magnets from old discarded radio speakers, magnetized
bar metals.
Wind round a nail (15cm long) an insulted copper wire,
connect a dry cell to its terminals and use it to pick tiny
magnetic substances such as office pins, small nails etc.

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