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Tutorial 1

This document contains 8 practice problems related to environmental issues and waste management: 1) Calculate the dissolved oxygen concentration 48.3 km downstream from an organic pollutant discharge point in a stream with given reoxygenation and deoxygenation rates. 2) Calculate the dissolved oxygen concentration downstream by considering waste discharge and stream flow rates and qualities. 3) Prove that parts per million (ppm) concentration is numerically equivalent to mg/L for measurements in water. 4) Express a wastewater sludge concentration in percent solids by mass, given the solids concentration in ppm and density. 5) Calculate the pounds of solids discharged per day by a wastew

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SITI NADHIRAH Azmi
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185 views

Tutorial 1

This document contains 8 practice problems related to environmental issues and waste management: 1) Calculate the dissolved oxygen concentration 48.3 km downstream from an organic pollutant discharge point in a stream with given reoxygenation and deoxygenation rates. 2) Calculate the dissolved oxygen concentration downstream by considering waste discharge and stream flow rates and qualities. 3) Prove that parts per million (ppm) concentration is numerically equivalent to mg/L for measurements in water. 4) Express a wastewater sludge concentration in percent solids by mass, given the solids concentration in ppm and density. 5) Calculate the pounds of solids discharged per day by a wastew

Uploaded by

SITI NADHIRAH Azmi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NKB30303 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT

TUTORIAL 1:
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND ECOSYSTEM

Problem 1
A large stream has a reoxygenation constant of 0.4 day-1 and a velocity of 0.85 m/s. At the
point at which an organic pollutant is discharged, it is saturated with oxygen at 10 mg/L
(D0 = 0). Below the outfall the ultimate demand of oxygen is found to be 20 mg/L, and the
deoxygenation constant is 0.2 day-1. Determine the dissolved oxygen 48.3 km downstream.

Problem 2
Suppose the waste stream in Problem 1 has a dissolved oxygen concentration of 1.5 mg/L, a
flow of 0.5 m3/s, a temperature of 26ºC, and an ultimate biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
of 48 mg/L. The stream water is running at 2.2 m3/s at a saturated dissolved oxygen
concentration, a temperature of 12ºC, and an ultimate BOD of 13.6 mg/L. Calculate the
dissolved oxygen concentration 48.3 km downstream.

Problem 3
Parts per million (ppm) is a measure of concentration. It is said to be numerically equivalent
to mg/L if the fluid in question is water because one milliliter (mL) of water weighs one gram
(i.e. the density of water is 1.0 g/cm3). Prove it by calculation.

Problem 4
A wastewater sludge has a solids concentration of 10,000 ppm. Express this in percent solids
(mass basis), assuming that the density of the solids is 1 g/cm3.
Problem 5
A wastewater treatment plant discharges a flow of 34.2 mgd (million gallons per day) at a
solids concentration of 0.002% solids (by weight). Determine how many pounds of solids it
discharges per day.

Problem 6
A stream flowing at 10.0 m3/s has a tributary feeding into it with a flow of 5.0 m3/s. The
stream’s concentration of chloride upstream of the junction is 20.0 mg/L, and the tributary
chloride concentration is 40.0 mg/L. Assuming complete mixing of the two streams, find the
downstream chloride concentration.

Problem 7
Consider a 10 × 106 m3 lake fed by a polluted stream having a flow rate of 5.0 m3/s and
pollutant concentration equal to 10.0 mg/L. There is also a sewage outfall that discharges
0.5 m3/s of wastewater having a pollutant concentration of 100 mg/L. The stream and sewage
wastes have a decay rate coefficient of 0.20/day. Assuming the pollutant is completely mixed
in the lake and assuming no evaporation or other water losses or gains, find the steady-state
pollutant concentration in the lake.

Problem 8
A bar with volume 500 m3 has 50 smokers in it, each smoking 2 cigarettes per hour. An
individual cigarette emits about 1.4 mg of formaldehyde (HCHO). Formaldehyde converts to
carbon dioxide with a reaction rate coefficient, k = 0.40/hr. Fresh air enters the bar at the rate
of 1000 m3/hr, and stale air leaves at the same rate. Assuming complete mixing, estimate the
steady-rate concentration of formaldehyde in the air.

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