Camilo Andres Vargas Ramos

Kevin Neira

Taller 3
1. Mediante cualquier método grafique los diagramas de momento flexionante y
fuerza cortante de las siguientes vigas:

A) +) 𝚺𝑴𝒙 = 𝟎
𝟑𝟔 ∗ (𝟏) − 𝟐 ∗ 𝑹𝟏 ∗ (𝟒) = 𝟎 𝑹𝟏 = 𝟒. 𝟓

𝑿 ↑ 𝚺𝑭𝒗 = 𝟎
𝟐 ∗ 𝑹𝟏 + 𝟐 ∗ 𝑹𝟐 − 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟎
−2 ∗ (4.5) + 36
𝑹𝟐 = = 13.5
2

𝑽𝑨 = 0
1
𝑽𝑨𝑩 = 2 ∗ 𝑅1 ∗ (2)(−4) = 5𝐾𝑁
2
𝑽𝑩 = 𝑉𝐴 + 𝑉𝐵𝐶 = 0 + 5 = 5𝐾𝑁
1
𝑽𝑩𝑪 = ∗ (2)(−4 − 8) = −12𝐾𝑁
2
𝑽𝑪 = 𝑉𝐵 + 𝑉𝐵𝐶 = 5𝐾𝑁 − 12𝐾𝑁 = −7𝐾𝑁
1
𝑽𝑪𝑫 = 2 ∗ 𝑅2 + (2)(−8 − 12) = 7𝐾𝑁
2
𝑽𝑫 = 𝑉𝐶 + 𝑉𝐶𝐷 = 0

B) CORTE A-B
𝑿 = (0,2)

+↑ 𝚺𝑭𝒚 = 0
𝑽𝑫 = 𝑉𝐶 + 𝑉𝐶𝐷 = 0
2𝑋 − 𝑉 = 0 𝑉 = 2𝑥

+) 𝚺𝑴𝑨−𝑨 = 0
𝑥
𝑀 + 2𝑋 ∗ ( ) = 0
2
𝑀 = 𝑋2

4𝐾𝑁
𝑀𝑥 = −
𝑚
 CORTE B-C
𝑿 = (2,5)

(𝑋 − 2)(𝑋 − 2) 𝑋2
𝑭𝟏 = = − 2𝑋 + 2
2 2
𝑭𝟐 = 2(𝑋 − 2) = 2𝑋 − 4

+↑ 𝚺𝑭𝒚 = 0
−4 − 𝐹2 − 𝐹1 − 𝑉 = 0
𝑋2
𝑽=− −2
2
𝑽𝑿−𝟐 = −4𝐾𝑁
𝑽𝑿−𝟓 = −16.5𝐾𝑁

+) = 𝚺𝑴𝑩−𝑪 = 0
(𝑋 − 2) 𝑋−2
4 + 𝐹1 + 𝐹2 +𝑀 =0
3 2
3
𝑋 20
𝑀=− + 2𝑋 −
6 3
4𝐾𝑁
𝑴𝑿−𝟐 = −
𝑚
17.5𝐾𝑁
𝑴𝑿−𝟓 =
𝑚

C) +↑ 𝚺𝑭𝒚 = 0
−60 + 𝑛(8) = 0
𝐾𝑁
𝑛 = 7.5
𝑚

CORTE A-A

𝑿 = (𝟎, 𝟐)

+↑ 𝚺𝑭𝑽 = 0
7.5𝑋 − 𝑉 = 0
𝑽 = 7.5𝑋

𝑽𝑿 − 0 = 0 𝑽𝑿−𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓𝑲𝑵

+)𝚺𝑴𝑿−𝟏 = 0
𝑋
𝑴 − (7.5𝑋)( ) = 0
2
𝑴 = 3.75𝑋2
𝑴𝑿−𝟎 = 0
 𝐾𝑁
𝑴𝑿−𝟐 = 15
𝑚

CORTE B-B
𝑿 = (𝟐, 𝟒)

↑ 𝚺𝐅𝐘 = 𝟎
7.5𝑋 − 15(𝑋 − 2) − 𝑉 = 0
𝑽 = −7.5𝑋 + 30

15𝑘𝑁 0𝑘𝑁
𝑽𝑿−𝟐 = 𝑽𝑿−𝟒 =
𝑚 𝑚

+) = 𝚺𝑴𝑿−𝟐 = 0
15(𝑋 − 2)(𝑋 − 2) 𝑋
𝑀+ − 7.5𝑥 ( ) = 0
2 2
𝑀 = −3.75 𝑋2 + 30𝑋 − 30

15𝑘𝑁 30𝑘𝑁
𝑴𝑴𝑨𝑿 = 𝑴𝑿−𝟒 =
𝑚 𝑚

D) +) = 𝚺𝑴𝑪 = 0
90(3) − 𝑅1 (5) − 20(2) = 0
𝑅1 = 46𝐾𝑁

+↑= 𝚺𝑭𝑽 = 0
46𝐾𝑁 + 𝑅2 − 90 − 80 − 20 = 0
𝑅2 = 144𝐾𝑁

FUERZA CORTANTE

𝑉𝐴 = 𝑅1 = 46
1
∆𝑽𝑨𝑩 = (3)(−60) = −90𝐾𝑁
2

𝑽𝑩 = 𝑉𝐴 + ∆𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 46 − 90 = −44𝐾𝑁
∆𝑽𝑩𝑪 = 2 ∗ −20 = −40
𝑽𝑪 = −84𝐾𝑁
𝑽𝑪 = −84𝐾𝑁 + 144𝐾𝑁 = 60𝐾𝑁
∆𝑽𝑪𝑫 = 2(20) = 40
𝑽𝑫 = 20𝐾𝑁

CALCULO DE EL FACTOR X
1
(20𝑋)(𝑋) = 46
2
𝑿 = 2.144
MOVIMIENTO FLEXIONANTE

𝑀𝐴 = 0
2
∆𝑀𝑎𝑥 = (2.144)(46) = 65.75
3
𝑴𝒙 = 𝑀𝑎 + ∆𝑀𝑎𝑥 = 65.75
1 1
∆𝑴𝒙𝑩 = (90)(3) − (46)(2.144) − (46)(3 − 2.144) = −17.75
3 3

𝑴𝑩 = 48

1
∆𝑴𝑩𝑪 = (−44 − 84)(2) = −128
2
𝑴𝑪 = 48 − 128 = −80
1
∆𝑴𝑪𝑫 = (60 + 20)(2) = 80
2
𝑴𝑫 = −80 + 80 = 0
80𝐾𝑁
𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 = −
𝑚

Determinar los siguientes ejercicios esfuerzos por flexión

𝑊𝐿2
1) 𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 = = 150𝑙
8
𝒃 = 0.05𝑚
𝒉 = 0.10𝑚

6(150𝐿2 )
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = = 20𝑥106
0.05(0.10)2
𝑳𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 3.33𝑚

2) 𝒃 = 0.02𝑚
𝒉 = 0.04𝑚
𝒍 = 4𝑚
7850𝑘𝑔
𝒗=
𝑚3
6.28𝐾𝑔
𝑤 = (7850)(0.02)(0.04) =
𝑚
6,28(4)2 𝐾𝑔
𝑴= = 12,56
8 𝑚
12,56(6)
𝝈= = 23.1𝑀𝑃𝑎
(0.02)(0.04)2
3) 𝑨 = 3800𝑚𝑚2
292𝑁
𝒘=
𝑚
𝟖 = 25.5𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝒍𝟖 = 1.01 𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
𝒈 = 67𝑚𝑚
𝒅 = 229𝑚𝑚
𝒙 = 14.8𝑚𝑚

𝟐𝑳𝒙
o 𝑺𝒙 = 𝐷 = 445 ∗ 103 𝑚𝑚2
2
2 ∗ 292 + 𝑤
𝑴= = 1168𝑊 + 2𝑤
8
1168𝑤 + 2𝑤
𝝈𝒎𝒂𝒙 = = 140𝑥106
445𝑥103 ∗ 109
𝐾𝑁
𝒘 = 30.5
𝑚

o 𝒍 = 𝑙𝑦 + 𝐴𝑥 2
𝒍 = 1.01𝑥106 + 3800(14.8)2
𝒍 = 1.84𝑥106 𝑚𝑚3

2 ∗ 1.84𝑥106
𝑺𝒚 = = 55𝑥103 𝑚𝑚3
67
1168 + 2𝑤
𝝈𝒎𝒂𝒙 = = 140𝑥106
55𝑥103 ∗ 109
32.7𝐾𝑁
𝒘=
𝑚

4) 𝑴+𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 3𝑅1
𝑴−𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 2𝑤
3𝑅1 = 2𝑊

+)𝚺𝑴𝟐 = 0
3𝑃 − 6𝑅1 − 2𝑤 = 0

𝒃 = 150𝑚𝑚
𝒉 = 300𝑚𝑚
8𝑀𝑛
𝝈𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 2
𝑚
𝝈𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 8𝑥106
900𝑁
𝑤=
𝑚
2
𝑹𝟏 = 900 = 600𝑁
3
𝑃 = 3(600) = 1800N
𝟗𝑲𝑵
𝑾= 𝑷 = 𝟏𝟖𝑲𝑵
𝒎
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Perfiles Comerciales

16000(10)2
1) 𝑴 = = 200000𝑁𝑚
8
𝑀 2𝑥105
= = 1.67𝑥10−3 𝑚3
𝜎 120𝑥106
𝑁
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑎 = 803
𝑚
𝑆 = 1.870𝑥10−3 𝑚3
(16000+803)(102 )
𝑀= = 2.1𝑥105 𝑁𝑚
8
2.1𝑥105
𝝈= = 113𝑀𝑃𝑎
1.87𝑥103

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Vigas Asimétricas
1) +)Σ𝑀1 = 0
5(𝑅2 ) + 5 − 3(5) = 0
𝑅2 = 2𝐾𝑁
𝑅1 = 3𝐾𝑁

(4𝑥103 )(0.06)
𝝈𝟎 = = 6𝑀𝑃𝑎
4𝑥10−5
(4𝑥103 )(0.2)
𝝈𝟏 = = 20𝑀𝑃𝑎
4𝑥10−5

(2𝑥103 )(0.06)
𝝈𝟐 = = 3𝑀𝑃𝑎
4𝑥10−5

(2𝑥103 )(0.2)
𝝈𝟑 = = 10𝑀𝑃𝑎
4𝑥10−5

2) 10 − 4(𝑥) = 0 𝑥 = 2.5
4(2.5)2
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 10(2.5) − = 12.5
2
4(6)2
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 10(6) − = −12
2
𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊ó𝒏

(12.5𝑥103 )(0.13)
𝜎0 = = 16.25𝑀𝑃𝑎
10−4

(12.5𝑥103 )(0.2)
𝜎0 = = 25𝑀𝑃𝑎
10−4

𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏

(12𝑥103 )(0.13)
𝜎0 = = 15.6𝑀𝑃𝑎
10−4

(12𝑥103 )(0.2)
𝜎0 = = 24𝑀𝑃𝑎
10−4

Esfuerzo cortante horizontales en vigas

1)
𝑉 1
𝜏1 = ∗ (𝐴𝑖 )(𝑦1 ) 𝐼= ∗ 𝑏ℎ2
𝐼𝑏 12

Nivel V(N) I(m4) B(m) Ai(m2) Yi(m) T(MPa)

1
2) 𝐼 = (0.15)(0.2)3 − (0.1)(0.15)3 = 71.875𝑥10−6
12
𝑏 = 0.15𝑚 − 0.10𝑚 = 0.05𝑚
𝐴 = (0.15)(0.1) − (0.2)(0.075) = 7.5𝑥10−3
(0,15)(0,1)(0.05) − (0.1)(0.075)(0.0375)
𝑌= = 0.0625
7.5𝑥10−3
−3
𝑄 = (7.5𝑥10 )(0.0625) = 468,75𝑥10 𝑚 −6 3
 2𝑤
𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ∗ (468,75𝑥106 ) = 1,2𝑥106
(71,875𝑥106 )(0,05)
46𝐾𝑁
𝑤=
𝑚

Diseño por flexión y esfuerzo cortante

𝑃 𝑃𝑙
1) 𝑉 = 𝑀=
2 4
𝐺𝑚 3𝑣
𝜎𝑓 = 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑏ℎ2 2𝑏ℎ

𝜎𝑓 ℎ
𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
2𝑙
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 8 20
2) = =
𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 1.2 3
𝑋
(𝑃 ∗ (1 − ) (0.15)(0.025))
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 8 20
= =
𝑋 = 1.57𝑚
𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑋 −4
3
𝑃 (1 − ( )) (8.83𝑋10 )
8
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 0.8𝑃
= ∗ (8.83𝑥10−6 ) = 1.2𝑥106
𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥 (222.135𝑥10−6 )(0.025)
𝑃 = 9.4KN