Scribd
Upload
93 views9 pages

Lecture 5 - التريبانوسوما

1. Trypanosoma rhodesiense causes East African sleeping sickness and is found in eastern and central Africa. It is transmitted by tsetse flies and has a more aggressive disease course than T. gambiense. 2. Laboratory diagnosis of T. rhodesiense involves examining blood slides, CSF, and performing serologic tests. 3. Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease in South and Central America. It is transmitted by reduviid bugs and can cause cardiac and gastrointestinal issues. Laboratory diagnosis includes blood smears, serology, PCR, and ELISA testing.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Qassim Madhloom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
93 views9 pages

Lecture 5 - التريبانوسوما

1. Trypanosoma rhodesiense causes East African sleeping sickness and is found in eastern and central Africa. It is transmitted by tsetse flies and has a more aggressive disease course than T. gambiense. 2. Laboratory diagnosis of T. rhodesiense involves examining blood slides, CSF, and performing serologic tests. 3. Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease in South and Central America. It is transmitted by reduviid bugs and can cause cardiac and gastrointestinal issues. Laboratory diagnosis includes blood smears, serology, PCR, and ELISA testing.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Qassim Madhloom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

(5 th Lecture) Pathological analyzes Dr.

Ahmed Khudhair Al-Hamairy

Parasitology

Trypanosoma rhodesiense

Disease names: East African sleeping sickness,


Rhodesian trypanosomiasis.
Trypanosoma rhodesiense is found in eastern and
central Africa , the disease course for the illness
caused by this organism is much more aggressive
than that of its West African counterpart.
Laboratory Diagnosis
The specimens of choice for the detection of the
typical T. rhodesiense trypomastigotes are
1- blood slides stained with Giemsa and
microscopic
examination of CSF(cerebral spinal fluid)
sediment .
2- Protein and IgM studies on CSF may also be
performed.
3-serologic tests are available.

Life Cycle Notes


The only difference in the life cycles of T.
rhodesiense and T. gambiense are the species of
tsetse fly vector. The two primary species of tsetse
fly vectors responsible for transmitting T.
rhodesiense are Glossina morsitans and
Glossina pallidipes .

Clinical Symptoms
East African (Rhodesian) Sleeping Sickness.
T. rhodesiense is a much more virulent organism
than T. gambiense. Following a short incubation
period, patients suffering from acute East African
sleeping sickness experience fever, myalgia, and
rigors. Winterbottom’s sign may or may not be
present. Lymphadenopathy is absent. Rapid weight
loss is common and the CNS becomes involved
early in the disease course.
Trypanosoma gambiense
Disease names : West African sleeping sickness,
Gambian trypanosomiasis.

T. gambiense is found in the tropical areas of


western and central Africa.

Fig. 3.5 Scanning electron micrograph of a


blood stage of Trypanosoma gambiense
Fig. 3.6 Life cycles of Trypanosoma gambiense
and T. rhodesiense, causatives of the sleeping
sickness diseases in West and East Africa. 1
Slender trypomastigote bloodstream forms (they
also penetrate into the cerebrospinal fluid).

Fig. 3.8: Giemsa-stained blood


smear showing slender stages of
T. gambiense

Fig. 3.7: Giemsa-stained blood smear showing


slender stages of a person infected with T.
rhodesiense.
Trypanosoma cruzi
Disease names: Chagas’ disease , American
trypanosomiasis.

Trypanosoma cruzi is found in southern portions of


the United States, Mexico, and Central and South
America. Commonly referred to as Chagas’ disease
or American trypanosomiasis, the disease course
for this illness often presents itself with cardiac and
gastrointestinal distress.

Laboratory Diagnosis
1- Giemsa-stained blood slides are the specimen of
choice for detection of the typical T. cruzi
trypomastigotes. Epimastigotes may rarely be
seen in the circulating blood
2- A number of serologic tests, including
complement fixation (CF), and
indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), are also
available for diagnostic
purposes.
1- The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
2- ELISA testing methods are also available for
diagnosing infections with T. cruzi.

Life Cycle Notes


1-T. cruzi is most frequently transferred to a human
host when a reduviid bug vector defecates
infective trypomastigotes near the site of its blood
meal.
2- The presence of the bite produces an itching
sensation in the host. As the host scratches the
bite area, the trypomastigotes conveniently
gain entry into the host by literally being rubbed
into the bite wound.
3- Following entry into the host, the
trypomastigotes invade surrounding cells, where
they transform into amastigotes. The
amastigotes proceed to multiply, destroy the
host cells, and then convert back into
trypomastigotes.
4- The resulting trypomastigotes migrate through
the blood, penetrate additional cells in the body,
and transform back into amastigotes, and the
replication and destruction cycle repeats.
5- A number of areas in the body may become
infected, including the heart muscle, liver, and
brain.
6- The T. cruzi trypomastigotes are transmitted
back to the reduviid bug when it feeds, via a
blood meal, on an infected human. On ingestion,
the trypomastigotes transform into
epimastigotes in the midgut. Multiplication of
the epimastigotes produces thousands of
additional parasites that convert back into
trypomastigotes when they reach the hindgut .
These trypomastigotes are then passed with the
feces when the bug defecates near the site of its
next blood meal, and thus the cycle begins
again.
Fig. 3.9: Life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi, cause of
Chagas’ disease in South America. 1
Amastigotes=micromastigotes reproduce by binary
fission inside the cytoplasm of different host cell
types (RES, heart muscle, nerve, spleen, liver etc.).

Fig. 3.10: Light micrograph of a


trypomastigote stage of T. cruzi in a blood
smear preparation

You might also like