Database Management System

Grade: X

DBMS
(Database Management
System)

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 Database Management System

Data and Information

The unprocessed raw information is known as data. It can be numbers, letters,
word or any symbols representing facts and figure that may not have
significant meaning by itself.
For example, Raj and 10 have no significant meaning.

The collection of organized related processed data which has significant

meaning is called information.
For example, “Raj is a student. He studies in class 10”, have significant
meaning.

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 Database Management System

Database
The collection of organized interrelated data/information to any subject or
purpose is known as database.

It is used to store, organize and extract data. Database can be computerize and
non-computerize (manual).

A database may have single table or multiple tables. The data in a database are
organized in rows and columns.

Examples: Telephone directory, mark ledger, attendance register, dictionary

etc.

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 Database Management System

Database Management System (DBMS)

Database Management System (DBMS) is a method that stores data process
them and provide information in an organized form using database
management software. It also allows the user to modify, update organize and
retrieve information from the database.
 
Examples :
 MS-Access
 Oracle
 FoxPro
 MS SQL Server
 MySQL
 dBase

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 Database Management System

Features/Advantages of DBMS
• Large volume of data can be stored and updated easily

• It provides data integrity and security

• Easy in data administration or data management

• It provides the data sharing facility

• It reduces the data redundancy (duplication of data)

• Provides concurrent access, recovers the data from the crashes

• Centralized control

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Disadvantages of DBMS
• Problem associate with centralized

• Cost of software, hardware and migration

• Complexity of backup and recovery

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 Database Management System

Relational Database Management System

(RDBMS)
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is most widely used
software or program that stores database in multiple tables on the basis of a
key field. It allows a user to view or retrieve records from the multiple linked
tables continuously at a time.
 
Examples :
 MS-Access
 Oracle
 MySQL
 MS SQL Server

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 Database Management System

Microsoft Access (MS-Access)

MS-Access is a Relational Database Management System developed by
Microsoft Corporation. It is used to store and manipulate large amount of data
in the form of tables. It allows the user to create database and store data in
multiple tables.
 
Objects of MS-Access are:
 Table
 Query
 Form
 Report
 Pages
 Macro
 Modules

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Features of MS-Access
 Create sophisticated database quickly.
 Analyze and modify your data easily with queries.
 Create elaborate reports from your data.
 Make customized data entry forms.
 Present your data dynamically on World Wide Web.

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 Database Management System

Table
Table is primary object or building block of database that stores large volume
of data in the form of rows and columns. A single table is used to store data of
a specific purpose or subject.
Fordifferent
The example: Table
ways to create a table in Ms-Access are:
 Create table in Design view
 Create table by using Wizard
 Create table by entering Data

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 Database Management System

Elements of Database
Field
A column of a table which stores a particular type of data is known as a field.
It is the smallest unit of the database. It is also known as attribute.

Field
For example:

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 Database Management System

Elements of Database
Record
The collection of multiple related fields in a row is known as record. It gives
complete information about a person or thing. It is also known as tuple.

For example:

Record

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 Database Management System

Table Relationship
The logical linkage between two or more than two tables with the help of
unique key field is known as relationship. To prevent the duplication of
information in a database by repeating fields in more than one table, table
relationships can be established.

The types of table relationship are:

• One - to - One
• One - to - Many
• Many - to - Many

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Primary Key
Primary Key is a special field in the table that uniquely identifies each record
from the database. The primary key does not accept duplicate value for a field
and it does not allow a user to leave the field blank or null.

The importance of primary key

• To identify each record of a table uniquely within very short time.
• To reduce and control duplication of the record in a table.
• To set the relationship between tables.

Foreign Key
Foreign key is a field in a relational table that matches the primary key column
of another table.

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 Database Management System

Data Type
A data type is a feature of a field that determines the
kind of data that can be stored in the field. Each field
can store data relating of only a single data type.

OLE object
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 Database Management System

The common field properties

Field Size Text
Validation
Caption
allows a the
It specifies usermessage
to set to
thebemaximum
displayednumber of
to the user
It allows a user to set an alternate name for the field.
characters
when the datathat enter
can beinstored in aisfield.
the field not matched to the
It can contain up to 2048 characters.
validation rule.
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value
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specifies
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whether
valuedata
that must be entered entered
is automatically in a field
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or not. when a new record is added.
a field
Input Mask
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 Database Management System

Query
Query is an object of database that is used to view, retrieve, change and
analyze records from a table or multiple linked tables based on specified
condition. When a user changes data in the query, the data in the table also
changes. It can use as a source of records for forms and reports.

The types of query are:

• Select query
• Action query
Select query
Action query
Select query is a most common type of query that retrieves data from one or
An action query is also type of query that makes changes or updates many
more tables and displayed the result in a datasheet. You can also use a select
records in just one operation. The different types of action queries are:
query to group records and calculate sums, counts and average, minimum,
i) Delete query ii) Update query
and maximum.
iii) Append query iv) Make - Table query

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 Database Management System

Form
Form is a type of database object that is primarily used to create an
interface for entering data in a table or multiple linked tables. A form
displays a complete record at a time, so it is more convenient to view and
modify record through the form.

Different ways to design form are:

• Creating form using Design view
• Creating form using Auto form
• Creating form using Form wizard

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 Database Management System

Report
Report is a type of access database object that present data in effective way
in a printed format. It allows a user to print documents according to the user
specifications of the summarize information through queries or tables.

Different ways to design form are:

• Creating form using Design view
• Creating form using Form wizard

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 Database Management System

Basic Database Terms

Entity
Entity is the distinguishable objects of real world. For e.g. Student, customer,
employee.
Attributes
They are the set of properties possessed by an entity.
E.g. Name, address, contact no of student.

Tuple
Each record row in a table is tuple.

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Basic Database Terms

Sorting
The process of arranging all the records in a table either ascending or
descending order based on field or fields is known as sorting.

Filtering
The process of viewing required record of a table that matches the specified
criteria is known as filtering.

Formatting the table

The process of changing the appearance of a table using different options is
known as formatting the table. For example, change the column width, row
height, hiding columns, changing the font, style and size of the text and table
border etc.

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Database Administrator (DBA)

An information specialist who has responsibility for the database is called a
Database Administrator (DBA). His/her duties fall into four major areas:
Database planning, implementation, operation and security.

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Question and Answer Session

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