S15 Data Editing and Coding

18-May-20
Dr. Rohit Vishal Kumar

Associate Professor, IMI Bhubaneswar
Raw Data
Editing of Data
Data
Cleaning Coding of Data
Data File for Analysis
Data Analysis Software / Manual Analysis
Analysis
Plan
Descriptive Univariate Bivariate Multivariate
Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis
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 Raw Data:
 The unedited response from a respondent exactly as indicated by that respondent
 Non Respondent Error:

 Errors which a respondent is not responsible for creating; such as when it is made by the
interviewer
 Data Integrity:
 Refers to the notion that the data file actually contains the information which the researcher
promised to the decision maker.
 Alternatively it can be looked upon as that the data contained are true and accurate representation
of respondent’s view
 The process of checking the completeness, consistency and legibility of data and making
data ready for coding and transfer to storage
 Can be broadly classified into:

 Field Editing
 In-House Editing
 Checking done for

 Transference errors
 Units of measurement errors
 Item non-response (unanswered questions or partially answered questions)
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 How long have you lived at the current address? 48

 What is your age? 32 years
 Does your organisation has more than one computer network?

 Yes  No
If “Yes” How Many? 3
Ethical Issue:
Should we “plug in” or “impute” the data that is missing? Will it lead to better answers of bias
the answer and findings
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 Is the process of assigning a numerical score or other character symbols to previously edited
data
 Codes, refer to numerical symbols assigned to pieces of information
We shall learn about Coding by using a Small Questionnaire
Codes are Transferred into a Data-File
 Is to understand how to convert a hard copy of the questionnaire to the electronic file
suitable for analysis
 We shall talk about:

 How to translate the Questionnaire into Codes
 How to get these codes into a common base file [Delimited File]
 How to get it into SPSS or some other program from Analysis
 Fully Practical Session

 “We will prepare a sample data-file fit for analysis”
Please Fill in the Questionnaire given to you
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 Dichotomous
 Only One Response Possible
 The least difficult to deal with
 Multiple Choice
 One or more than one response possible
 Somewhat difficult to deal with
 Open Ended:
 Responses are recorded verbatim
 Most difficult to deal with
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 Dichotomous:
 Only one column needed in MS-Excel
 Multiple Choice
 Can be looked upon in 2 different ways
 A series of Dichotomous Questions
 A set of Responses
 SPSS uses MR-Group to handle these kinds of responses
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 Go through the open-ended questions in about 10-20

questionnaires
 Identify key outputs
 Start numbering the key outputs - [Known as Post-Code
Number]
 If an idea is similar to an identified key output put it under
the same Post-Code Number
 Else create a new Post Code Number
 Keep a track of Post Code Numbers
 Take a call whether some of the post codes can be merged or
not
 Now write the Post Code numbers on the questionnaire and
enter the data
 Essentially reduce the responses to “a set of responses” and
then use MR-Group fro analysis
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 SPSS considers a full row as a “Single Case”

 SPSS considers a full column as a “Single Variable”
 A Variable can be of the Following Type:
 Nominal
 Ordinal
 Scaled
 A data is considered to be of type “scale” if it is on interval or ratio scale

 A Variable Name can be of 8 characters
 It can have a long descriptive name called label
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Case
Variable
Current Cursor Position
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 Click on the “Variable View” Tab

 Set the desired properties in the tab
 The Key Properties are:
 Name: Represents the variable name. 8 characters
 Type: Represents the type of data: 8 Different Types
 Width: The total number of places
 Decimal: The number of decimal places to be shown
 Label: The Long Descriptive Name [OPTIONAL]
 Value: Value Names of the Variable [NOMINAL & ORDINAL]
 Missing: Value used to represent Missing Value
 Columns: The number of columns to use
 Align: Alignment [LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT]
 Measure: The Scaling Type [NOMINAL, ORDINAL, SCALED]
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 Nominal or Ordinal Data can have different levels

 For Example:
Excellent 1
Very Good 2
Good 3
Average 4
Bad 5
Value Names Variable Values
 Take help of Data -> Define Variable Properties or use the questionnaire
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 NEVER WORK ON THE ORIGINAL DATA FILE
 Keep the original data-file safe

 Email it to yourself
 Keep it on a CD/ Flash Drive and put it in the locker
 Used Dropbox or Google Drive
 Never truncate your data-file

 Statistical softwares cannot read truncated data files
Can be completely ignored
 Deal with missing values

May be Ignored
 Missing Completely at Random (MCAR)
 Missing at Random (MAR)
 Not Missing at Random (NMAR) Cannot be Ignored
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18-May-20

Dr. Rohit Vishal Kumar

Data File for Analysis

Data Analysis Software / Manual Analysis

 Non Respondent Error:

 Can be broadly classified into:

 Checking done for

 How long have you lived at the current address? 48

 Does your organisation has more than one computer network?

We shall learn about Coding by using a Small Questionnaire

Codes are Transferred into a Data-File

 We shall talk about:

 Fully Practical Session

Please Fill in the Questionnaire given to you

 Go through the open-ended questions in about 10-20

 SPSS considers a full row as a “Single Case”

 A data is considered to be of type “scale” if it is on interval or ratio scale

Current Cursor Position

 Click on the “Variable View” Tab

 Nominal or Ordinal Data can have different levels

Value Names Variable Values

 NEVER WORK ON THE ORIGINAL DATA FILE

 Keep the original data-file safe

 Never truncate your data-file

 Deal with missing values

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