UTM

UNIVERSITI T E K N O LO G I M ALA YS IA

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER I SESSION 2017/2018

COURSE CODE SSCE 1793/SSE 1793

COURSE NAME DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

PROGRAMME FKT/FKM/FKA

LECTURER DR. HALIZA ABD. RAHMAN (C)

DR. ANATI ALI
DR. MOHD ARIFF ADMON
DR. SYARIFAH ZYURINA NORDIN
MRS. HALIJAH OSMAN

DATE 7 JANUARY 2018

DURATION 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTION ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

(THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET CONSISTS OF 9 PRINTED PAGES)

 SSCE 1793/SSE 1793

QUESTION 1 (20 M ARK S)

a) Show that the differential equation

(y sec2 x)dx 4- (tan x + 2y)dy = 0

is an exact equation. Hence, find its solution for y{n) — 2.

(7 marks)

b) Consider the Bernoulli equation

2 ?ax - x- V =

Using z = jT 2, show that it can be transformed to a linear differential

equation
dz 2 cx
+ -e z =

ax x
and find its solution. Hence, find the solution for the original equation.
(8 marks)

c) The number of bacteria in a bottle of yogurt kept in a fridge is repre­

sented by the following differential equation

^dt
= 0 .3 r y ,

where Y(t) is the number of bacteria at time t. If the initial amount

of bacteria at 8.00 am is 200, at what time the number of bacteria will
reach 1000?
(5 marks)

2
 SSCE 1793/SSE 1793

QUESTION 2 (15 M ARKS)

a) Use the method of variation of parameters to solve

, o = e2a
dx2 dx ^ 1 + e2x '

(7 marks)

b) An object of mass m is falling from a height h above a surface with

velocity Do under the influence of gravity g with air resistance propor­
tional to its velocity. If y{t) denotes the distance fall at time t in which
the downward direction is assumed to be positive, then the motion of
the objects satisfies the differential equation

Using the method of undetermined coefficients, solve this equation with

initial conditions y = 0 and y — vo when t = 0.
(8 marks)

QUESTION 3 (15 M ARKS)

a) Find the Laplace transform of the following function

/(* ) = f ( t + 2).
(5 marks)

b) Find

(3 marks)

3
 SSCE 1793/SSE 1793

c) Use Laplace transform to solve the following initial value problem

y' + 4y = H(t - tt), 3/(0) = 1.

(7 marks)

QUESTION 4 (15 M AR K S)
a) Using convolution theorem, find

1
£~l
s4(s2 +16)

(7 marks)

b) Solve the first order linear system given that x and y are functions of
t such that
x' = 1 + y, x(0) = 0

y' = 26(t - 1) + 4 x , y(0) = - 1 .

(8 marks)

QUESTION 5 (15 M ARK S)

Given a periodic function

f(r) = J “ I. -tt <a: < 0,

J{ ) \ x, 0 < x <TT,
/ ( x) = f { x + 2?r).

i) Sketch the graph of f ( x ) for —3n < x < 3ir.

(3 marks)

ii) Find the Fourier series of f{x). (12 marks)

4
 SSCE 1793/SSE 1793

QUESTION 6 (20 M ARK S)

a) Use the d’Alembert solution method to solve the following wave equa­
tion
d2u d2u
^ = 9^ 5. t> 0

subject to initial conditions

3u
u(x,0) = sin 2a:, — (x, 0) = ex
CJl>

(5 marks)

b) Find the solution of the following wave equation

d2u 1 d2u
= 0 < I < ! > °'
subject to the boundary conditions

ii(0,i) = 0, u(ir,t) = 0, t > 0,

and initial conditions

U(x, 0) = 7T—X, 0 < X < 7 r,

ut(x, 0) = 1, 0 < x < IT.

(15 marks)

5
 SSCE 1793/SSE 1793

LISTS OF F O R M U L A E

Trigonometric Hyperbolic

cos2 x + sin2 x = 1 ex - e~x

sinh x = ----- -------
1 + tan2 x = sec2 x 2
ex + e ~ x
cot2 x + 1 = cosec2a; cosh x --- ------------
2
sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x cosh2 x — sinh2 x = 1
cos 2x = cos2 x — sin2 x 1 — tanh2 x = sech2a:
= 2 cos2 x — 1 coth2 x — 1 = cosech2a:
= 1 — 2 sin2 x sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x
2 tan x
tan 2x = ---------- 5— cosh 2x = cosh2 x + sinh2 x
1 — tan x
= 2 cosh2 x — 1
sin(a; ± y) = sin x cos y ± cos x sin y
= 1 + 2 sinh2 x
cos(a: ± y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y
. . tan x ± tan y , 2 tanh x
tanlz ± y ) = --------------------- tanh 2x = ------------ 5—
1 =F tan x tan y 1 + tanh x
2 sin x cos y = sin(a; + y) + sin(:r — y) sinh (a: ± y) = sinh a; coshy ± cosh x sinh y

2 sin x sin y = —cos(x + y ) + cos(x —y) cosh(a; ± y) = cosh x cosh y ± sinh x sinh y
, , , > tanh x ± tanh y
2 cos x cos y — cos(x + y) + cos(a: —y) tanh (a; ± y) = ---------- ;----------—
1 ± tanh x tanh y

Inverse Hyperbolic

sinh-1 x = ln(x + Vx 2 + 1), —oo < x < oo

cosh-1 x = ln(x + \/x2 — 1), x > 1
, , 1, (\ + x\
tanh x = - In | ---- ) , —1 < x < 1
x

6
 SSCE 1793/SSE 1793

Differentiations Integrations

- j- [fc] = 0 ,
dx
k constant J kdx = kx + C
r Tn+1
± [x- ] = n x ^ / x ndx = + C, n± 1
J n+1

1^ = 1 /^ = ln M + <?

4—fcos xl = —sin x
ax
J sin x dx = —cos x + C
- j- [sin a;] = cos x
dx
J cos x dx = sin x + C
dx
[tan a:] = sec2 x J sec2 x d x = tan x + C
dx
[cot x\ = —cosec 2x J cosec2x dx = —cot x + C
- j- [sec a;] = sec x tan x
dx
J sec x tan x d x = sec x + C
~~ [cosec xl = —cosec x cot x
dx
J cosec x cot x d x — —cosec x + C
J exdx = ex + C
-7—[cosh x] = sinh x / s i n h z d x = cosh x + C
dx

-y- [sinh a:] = cosh x

dx
J cosh x d x = sinh x + C
dx
[tanh x] = sech2a; J sech2a; dx = tanh x + C
dx
[coth a;] = —cosech2a; J cosech2a: dx = —coth x + C
-7- [sech a:] = —sech x tanh x
dx
J sech x tanh x d x = —sech x + C
-j- [cosech a:] = —cosech x coth x
dx
J cosech x coth x d x = —cosech x + C

7
 SSCE 1793/SSE 1793

Differentiations of Integrations Resulting

Inverse Functions in Inverse Functions

d r • -1 ! 1 du , I
— sin u = . .... . •— , u < 1.
dx —u 2 dx 7 \/a2 —a;2
d r _I - , 1 du - -
— [cos u] = . , \U < 1.
d x 1J y/l — U dx' ' / * = IttW fU c .
J a1+ xz a \a/

[ ,** - 1 ---■ n + c.
d , -1 i “I ^ J |x|\/x2 — a2 a
-[c o t-

d , _i i
— sec u = ------,
1 du . .
■— , u > 1.
/ v i f e i = si" h' ‘ Q + c ’' ° > 0 -
da: \u\\/u2 - 1 ^
d r _i , 1 du * -
— cosec u = ------ . „ •— , w > 1. / v ^ =cosh‘ ‘ © +C- I > 0 '
d x1 J |u|\/u2^ri da;’ 1 1
f dx
d rsinh
—
dx
• v . - i ui = , „1 ... •—du
\Ju2 + 1 dx
J a 2 —x 2
d r , -l i 1 du . . —tanh-1 + C, Ixl > a,
— cosh it = ----------•— , ki > 1. _ a \a/
d xL J Vu2 - 1 dx '
- coth-1 ( - ) + C, |x| > a.
a \a/

d , , _i , 1 du / - 7$ = , = - isech- 1 ( 5 ) + C ,
- fr - A t} ' 1 -
J x y a 2 — x2 cl \aJ
dx 0 < x < a.
d r , -1 1 —1 ^
— sech u = — .•— , 0 < u < 1.
dz J uVl - u2 da:
[ ~""/T'~2
J x\/a 2+ x 2 I"!
= - -a,-c0secl1 1 lal + C'>
0 < x < a.
 SSCE 1793/SSE 1793
/‘ OO

Laplace Transforms F(s) = / f ( t ) e ~ sidt

Jo
m F(s)
k
k
s
n!
tn, n = 1, 2 , 3 , . . . sn+l
1
eat
s —a
s
cos at
s2 + a2
a
sin at
s 2 + a2
s
cosh at
s 2 — a2
a
sinh at
s 2 — a2
eatf ( t ) F( s — a)

rinF
tnf ( t ) , n = 1, 2, 3 , . . .
v ’ dsn
dUfV „ I o o snF( s) sra_1/ ( 0) sn- 2f { 0) • (0)
dtu - 71 ~ 1, 2, 3 , . . .
e~as
H { t - a)
s
f ( t - a)H(t - a) e~asF(s)
e -as
6(t — a)

f(t)S(t - a) e - asf {a)

[ f ( u ) g{ t - u) du F ( s )G(s)
Jo
F(s)
/ f ( u ) du
Jo s

f ( t ) = f ( t + T)
i - l - Tl

Convolution Theorem C 1 (F (s )G (s )} = / f {u) g{ t —u)du

Jo