CHAPTER 27

HAND-OFF-AUTOMATIC
CONTROLS
OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, the student will be able to:
Describe the operation of a hand-off-automatic control switch.
Connect a hand-off-automatic control circuit.
Recognize hand-off-automatic switches on a schematic diagram.

Hand-off-automatic controls are used to permit an op- FS1 detects the flow of water to insure that the fan
erator to select between automatic or manual operation motor cannot run if there is no flow of cooling water.
of a motor. The circuit shown in Figure 27–1 permits a A warning lamp indicates that there is no flow of water
motor to be operated by a float switch or to be run man- when the circuit is energized.
ually. The switch is shown as a single-pole double- When the hand-off-automatic switch is set in the
throw switch with a center Off position. Hand position, connection is made between terminals
Another symbol for a hand-off-automatic switch is 1 and 2. This permits the motor to be controlled by a
shown in Figure 27–2. This switch is shown to contain start-stop push-button station. In this mode, the fan will
two separate sets of contacts. One set is labeled 1-2 and run continuously until the Stop button is pressed. When
the other is labeled 3-4. The switch chart indicates that the HOA switch is placed in the Auto position, a ther-
when the switch is in the Off position, there is no con- mostat controls the action of the fan. A combination
nection between any of the contacts. When set in the push-button station with a hand-off-automatic switch
Hand position, connection is made between terminals 1 and pilot lamp is shown in Figure 27–3.
and 2. When set in the Automatic position, connection The flow switch shown in Figure 27–2 employs
is made between terminals 3 and 4. This circuit is the two separate contacts, one normally open and the other
control for a large fan that pulls air through a building. normally closed. The dashed line indicates that the
The motor in this example is water cooled: it requires two switches are mechanically connected. When one
a flow of cooling water when running. Starter M1 switch changes position the other switch changes posi-
controls the fan motor, and starter M2 controls a pump tion also. If a flow switch with two separate switches
used to circulate water through the motor. Flow switch cannot be obtained, it is possible to use a single-pole

203
204 Chapter 27 Hand-Off-Automatic Controls

L1 L2 L3

M OLHTR

M OLHTR
MOTOR
M OLHTR

CONTROL TRANSFORMER

OL
HAND
M
OFF Figure 27 – 3 Push-button control station with hand-off-auto
switch and pilot light. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)
AUTO

double-throw switch with a common terminal, a nor-

mally open terminal, and a normally closed terminal
Figure 27 – 1 Hand-off-automatic switch provides manual control in this circuit. Notice that one terminal of both the
of a motor or control can be provided by a float switch. (Source: normally open switch and normally closed switch are
Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

H O A
1-2 X 0 0
H O A
3-4 0 0 X
START
STOP OL1
1 2 FS1
M1

3 4 M2

OL2
TEMP 1
M2

Figure 27 – 2 A water-cooled motor must have a flow of water before it is permitted to run. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)
 Chapter 27 Hand-Off-Automatic Controls 205

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

H O A
1-2 X 0 0
H O A 3-4 0 0 X
START OL1
FS1
STOP NO
1 2 C M1
NC

R
3 4
M2

TEMP 1 OL2
M2

Figure 27 – 4 A flow with two separate switches has been replaced with a single-pole double-throw switch. (Source: Delmar/
Cengage Learning.)

connected together. This forms a common point for shown in Figure 27–4 looks different than the circuit in
both switches and could be used as the common Figure 27–2, electrically they are the same and will
terminal for a flow switch that contains a single-pole operate in the same manner.
double-throw switch, Figure 27–4. Although the circuit

Review Questions
1. Refer to the circuit shown in Figure 27–2. Would it 5. Refer to the circuit shown in Figure 27–2. Assume
be possible to replace the hand-off-auto switch in that the HOA switch is in the Hand position and
this circuit with a hand-off-auto switch that con- that the motor is running. Now assume that OL2
tained a common terminal and center Off position opens its contacts. Would this stop the operation of
like the HOA switch shown in Figure 27–1? the fan motor? Explain your answer.
Explain your answer.
6. Refer to the circuit shown in Figure 27–4. Assume
2. Refer to the circuit shown in Figure 27–2. Would that the HOA switch is in the Auto position. Also
the temperature have to increase or decrease to assume the fan is running. Now assume that the fan
permit the fan to turn on? stops running and the red warning light turns on.
3. Refer to the circuit shown in Figure 27–2. Which Which of the following could cause this condition?
starter controls the holding contacts connected in a. OL1 contacts are open
parallel with the start push button? b. Temp 1 switch is open
c. OL2 contacts are open
4. Refer to the circuit shown in Figure 27–4. Assume
d. The HOA switch has been moved to the Off
that the HOA switch is in the Hand position and
position
that the motor is running. Now assume that OL1
opens its contacts. Would this cause the pump 7. Refer to the circuit shown in Figure 27–2. Assume
motor to stop operating? Explain your answer. that the HOA switch is set in the Hand position.
206 Chapter 27 Hand-Off-Automatic Controls

When the Start button is pressed, the red warning released, and the fan does not start. Which of the
lamp lights. When the Start button is released, the following could cause this condition?
light turns off but the fan motor does not start. a. Temp 1 switch is open
Each time the Start button is pressed, the warning b. M2 starter coil is open
lamp lights for as long as the Start button is held c. M1 starter coil is open
down, but it goes out each time the Start button is d. The Stop push button is open
 CHAPTER 28
MULTIPLE PUSH-BUTTON
STATIONS
OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, the student will be able to:
Place wire numbers on a schematic diagram.
Place corresponding numbers on control components.
Draw a wiring diagram from a schematic diagram.
Connect a control circuit using two stop and two start push buttons.
Discuss how components are to be connected to perform the functions of
start or stop for a control circuit.

There may be times when it is desirable to have more either Start button is pressed, a circuit will be completed
than one start-stop push-button station to control a mo- to M coil. When M coil energizes, all M contacts
tor. In this chapter, the basic start-stop push-button change position. The three load contacts connected be-
control circuit will be modified to include a second stop tween the three-phase power line and the motor close to
and start push button. connect the motor to the line. The normally open auxil-
When a component is used to perform the function iary contact connected in parallel with the two Start but-
of stop in a control circuit, it will generally be a nor- tons closes to maintain the circuit to M coil when the
mally closed component and be connected in series Start button is released.
with the motor starter coil. In this example, a second
Stop push button is to be added to the existing start-
stop control circuit shown in Figure 28–1. The second
push button will be added to the control circuit by con- Developing a Wiring Diagram
necting it in series with the existing Stop push button.
When a component is used to perform the function Now that the circuit logic has been developed in
of start, it is generally normally open and connected in the form of a schematic diagram, a wiring diagram will
parallel with the existing start button (Figure 28–2). If be drawn from the schematic. The components needed

207
 L1 L2 L3
M OL

M OL
MOTOR
M OL

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

START
STOP STOP
OL
M

Figure 28 – 1 A second Stop push button is added to the circuit. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

L1 L2 L3
M OL

M OL
MOTOR
M OL

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

START

START
STOP STOP
OL
M

Figure 28 – 2 A second Start push button is added to the circuit. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

208
 Chapter 28 Multiple Push-Button Stations 209

L1 L2 L3

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

MOTOR

Figure 28 – 3 Components needed to construct the circuit. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

to connect this circuit are shown in Figure 28–3. (Figure 28–4). After wire numbers are placed on the
Following the same procedure discussed in chapter 22, schematic, corresponding numbers are placed on the
wire numbers are placed on the schematic diagram control components (Figure 28–5).
210 Chapter 28 Multiple Push-Button Stations

L1 L2 L3
1 2 3 M OL
3 6 6 7 7

M OL
2 5 5 8 8
MOTOR
M OL
1 4 4 9 9
1

3
CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

10 15

START

12 13

START
STOP STOP
10 11 11 12 12 13 OL
13 14 15
M

12 13

Figure 28 – 4 Numbers are placed on the schematic. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

 Chapter 28 Multiple Push-Button Stations 211

L1 L2 L3

1 2 3

3
CONTROL
TRANSFORMER 1 2 3
10 15

12
13

13 14
13 12 13 12 M

10 11 11 12 15

14 7 8 9

7 8 9

MOTOR

Figure 28 – 5 Numbers are placed by the corresponding component. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

Review Questions
1. When a component is to be used for the function of the action of the circuit if they were to be con-
start, is the component generally normally open or nected in parallel as shown in Figure 28–6?
normally closed? 4. What would be the action of the circuit if both start
2. When a component is to be used for the function of buttons were to be connected in series as shown in
stop, is the component generally normally open or Figure 28–7?
normally closed?
3. The two stop push buttons in Figure 28–2 are con-
nected in series with each other. What would be
212 Chapter 28 Multiple Push-Button Stations

L1 L2 L3
M OL

M OL
MOTOR
M OL

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

START
STOP

START
STOP
OL
M

Figure 28 – 6 Stop buttons have been connected in parallel. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)
 Chapter 28 Multiple Push-Button Stations 213

L1 L2 L3
M OL

M OL
MOTOR
M OL

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

START START
STOP STOP
OL
M

Figure 28 – 7 Start buttons have been connected in series. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)
 CHAPTER 29
FORWARD-REVERSE CONTROL
OBJECTIVES
After completing this chapter, the student should be able to:
Discuss cautions that must be observed in reversing circuits.
Explain how to reverse a three-phase motor.
Discuss interlocking methods.
Connect a forward-reverse motor control circuit.

The direction of rotation of any three-phase motor

can be reversed by changing any two motor T leads T2
L1
(Figure 29–1). Since the motor is connected to the T1 DIRECTION OF
L2 MOTOR
power line regardless of which direction it operates, a ROTATION
L3 T3
separate contactor is needed for each direction. If the
reversing starters adhere to NEMA standards, T leads 1
and 3 will be changed (Figure 29–2). Since only one
motor is in operation, however, only one overload relay T2
L1
is needed to protect the motor. True reversing con- L2
T1 DIRECTION OF
MOTOR
trollers contain two separate contactors and one over- ROTATION
L3 T3
load relay. Some reversing starters will use one separate
contactor and a starter with a built-in overload relay.
Others use two separate contactors and a separate over-
load relay. A vertical reversing starter with overload re- Figure 29 – 1 The direction of rotation of any three-phase motor
lay is shown in Figure 29–3, and a horizontal reversing can be changed by reversing connection to any two motor T leads.
starter without overload relay is shown in Figure 29–4. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

both contactors from being energized at the same time.

Interlocking This would result in two of the three phase lines being
shorted together. Interlocking forces one contactor to
Interlocking prevents some action from taking place be de-energized before the other one can be energized.
until some other action has been performed. In the case There are three methods that can be employed to assure
of reversing starters, interlocking is used to prevent interlocking. Many reversing controls use all three.

214
 Chapter 29 Forward-Reverse Control 215

L1 L2 L3
F OL

F OL
MOTOR
F OL

Figure 29 – 2 Magnetic reversing starters generally change T leads 1 and 3 to reverse the motor. (Source: Delmar/Cengage
Learning.)

Mechanical Interlocking auxiliary contacts on one contactor in series with the

coil of the other contactor (Figure 29–7). Assume that
Most reversing controllers contain mechanical the FORWARD push button is pressed and F coil ener-
interlocks as well as electrical interlocks. Mechanical gizes. This causes all F contacts to change position.
interlocking is accomplished by using the contactors to The three F load contacts close and connect the motor
operate a mechanical lever that prevents the other con- to the line. The normally open F auxiliary contact
tactor from closing while one is energized. Mechanical closes to maintain the circuit when the FORWARD
interlocks are supplied by the manufacturer and are push button is released, and the normally closed F aux-
built into reversing starters. In a schematic diagram, iliary contact connected in series with R coil opens
mechanical interlocks are shown as dashed lines from (Figure 29–8).
each coil joining at a solid line (Figure 29–5). If the opposite direction of rotation is desired, the
STOP button must be pressed first. If the REVERSE
push button were to be pressed first, the now open F
Electrical Interlocking
auxiliary contact connected in series with R coil would
Two methods of electrical interlocking are avail- prevent a complete circuit from being established.
able. One method is accomplished with the use of dou- Once the STOP button has been pressed, however,
ble acting push buttons (Figure 29–6). The dashed lines F coil de-energizes and all F contacts return to their
drawn between the push buttons indicate that they normal position. The REVERSE push button can
are mechanically connected. Both push buttons will now be pressed to energize R coil (Figure 29–9). When
pushed at the same time. The normally closed part of R coil energizes, all R contacts change position. The
the FORWARD push button is connected in series with three R load contacts close and connect the motor to
R coil, and the normally closed part of the REVERSE the line. Notice, however, that two of the motor T leads
push button is connected in series with F coil. If the are connected to different lines. The normally closed R
motor should be running in the forward direction and auxiliary contact opens to prevent the possibility of
the REVERSE push button is pressed, the normally F coil being energized until R coil is de-energized.
closed part of the push button will open and disconnect
F coil from the line before the normally open part
closes to energize R coil. The normally closed section Developing a Wiring Diagram
of either push button has the same effect on the circuit
as pressing the STOP button. The same basic procedure is used to develop a wiring
The second method of electrical interlocking diagram from the schematic as was followed in the pre-
is accomplished by connecting the normally closed vious chapters. The components needed to construct
216 Chapter 29 Forward-Reverse Control

this circuit are shown in Figure 29–10. In this example,

assume that two contactors and a separate three-phase
overload relay are to be used.
The first step is to place wire numbers on the
schematic diagram. A suggested numbering sequence
is shown in Figure 29–11. The next step is to place the
wire numbers beside the corresponding components of
the wiring diagram (Figure 29–12).

Reversing Single-Phase
Split-Phase Motors
To reverse the direction of rotation of a single-phase
split-phase motor, either the starting winding leads
or running winding leads, but not both, are inter-
changed. A schematic diagram of a forward-reverse
control for a single-phase split-phase motor is shown in
Figure 29–13. Notice that the control section is the
same as that used for reversing three-phase motors. In
this example, run winding lead T1 will always be con-
nected to L1, and T4 will always be connected to L2.
The start winding leads, however, will be changed.
When the forward contactor is energized, start winding
lead T5 will be connected to L1, and T8 will be con-
nected to L2. When the reverse contactor is energized,
start winding lead T5 will be connected to L2, and T8
will be connected to L1.

Figure 29 – 3 Vertical reversing starter with overload relay.

(Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)
 Chapter 29 Forward-Reverse Control 217

Figure 29–4 Horizontal reversing starter. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

FORWARD
STOP
OL
F

REVERSE

Figure 29 – 5 Mechanical interlocks are indicated by dashed lines extending from each coil. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)
218 Chapter 29 Forward-Reverse Control

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

FORWARD REVERSE
STOP
OL
F

Figure 29 – 6 Interlocking with double acting push buttons. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

FORWARD
STOP
R OL
F

REVERSE
F
R

Figure 29 – 7 Electrical interlocking is also accomplished with normally closed auxiliary contacts. (Source: Delmar/Cengage
Learning.)
 Chapter 29 Forward-Reverse Control 219

L1 L2 L3
F OL

F OL
MOTOR
F OL

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

FORWARD
STOP
R OL
F

REVERSE
F
R

Figure 29 – 8 Motor operating in the forward direction. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

220 Chapter 29 Forward-Reverse Control

L1 L2 L3
F OL

F OL
MOTOR
F OL

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

FORWARD
STOP
R OL
F

REVERSE
F
R

Figure 29 – 9 Motor operating in the reverse direction. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

 Chapter 29 Forward-Reverse Control 221

L1 L2 L3

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

F R

MOTOR

Figure 29 – 10 Components needed to construct a reversing control. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

222 Chapter 29 Forward-Reverse Control

L1 L2 L3
1 2 3
F OL
3 4 4 7 7

OL
2 F 6 6 8 8
MOTOR
OL
1 F 5 5 9 9

3 R 5

2 R 6

1 R 4
1

3
CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

10 16

FORWARD
STOP
R OL
10 11 11 12 12 13 14 15 16
F

11 12

REVERSE
F
11 17 17 18 19 15
R

R
11 17

Figure 29 – 11 Placing numbers on the schematic. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

 Chapter 29 Forward-Reverse Control 223

L1 L2 L3

1 2 3

3
CONTROL
TRANSFORMER
10 16

F
1 2 3 1 2 3
11 12
17 18 5 6 4 4 6 5
11 18 11 13

12 19 17 14
R

11 17 14 F 15 19 R 15
12 13

S
15 4 6 5
10 11
16 7 8 9

7 8 9

MOTOR

Figure 29 – 12 Components needed to construct a reversing control circuit. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)
224 Chapter 29 Forward-Reverse Control

L1 L2

FORWARD
STOP
OL

REVERSE

T1 RUN T4

SPLIT-PHASE MOTOR

T5 START T8
R

R F

F R

Figure 29 – 13 Reversing a single-phase split-phase motor. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

 Chapter 29 Forward-Reverse Control 225

Review Questions
1. How can the direction of rotation of a three-phase 5. How would the circuit operate if the normally
motor be changed? closed auxiliary contacts were connected so that
2. What is interlocking? F contact was connected in series with F coil,
and R contact was connected in series with R coil,
3. Referring to the schematic shown in Figure 29–7, Figure 29–7?
how would the circuit operate if the normally
closed R contact connected in series with F coil 6. Assume that the circuit shown in Figure 29–7 were
were connected normally open? to be connected as shown in Figure 29–14. In what
way would the operation of the circuit be different,
4. What would be the danger, if any, if the circuit if at all?
were wired as stated in question 3?

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

FORWARD
STOP
R OL
F

REVERSE
F
R

Figure 29 – 14 The position of the holding contacts has been changed from that in Figure 29–7. (Source: Delmar/Cengage
Learning.)
 CHAPTER 30
JOGGING AND INCHING
OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, the student will be able to:
Define the term jogging.
State the purpose of jogging.
State the difference between jogging and inching.
Describe the operation of a jogging control circuit using control relays.
Describe the operation of a jogging control circuit using a selector switch.
Connect a jogging circuit.

The definition of jogging or inching as described by start push button when the motor starter energizes. It
NEMA is “the quickly repeated closure of a circuit to should also be noted that jogging circuits require spe-
start a motor from rest for the purpose of accomplish- cial motor starters rated for jogging duty.
ing small movements of the driven machine.” The term One of the simplest jogging circuits is shown in
jogging actually means to start a motor with short jabs Figure 30 – 1. This circuit is basically a start-stop push-
of power at full voltage. The term inching means to button control circuit that has been reconnected so that
start a motor with short jabs of power at reduced volt- the START button is in parallel with both the STOP
age. Although the two terms mean different things, they button and holding contact. To jog the motor, simply
are often used interchangeably because both are accom- hold down the STOP button and jog the circuit by
plished by preventing the holding contacts from sealing pressing the START button. To run the motor, release
the circuit. the STOP button and press the START button. If the
motor is in operation, the STOP button will break the
circuit to the holding contact and de-energize M coil.
Jogging Circuits
Various jogging circuits are presented in this chapter.
Double Acting Push Buttons
As with many other types of control circuits, there are Jogging can also be accomplished using a double
different ways in which jogging can be accomplished, acting push button. Two circuits of that type are shown
but basically, jogging is accomplished by preventing in Figure 30 – 2. The normally closed section of the
the holding contact from sealing the circuit around the JOG push button is connected in such a manner that

226
 L1 L2 L3
M OL

M OL
MOTOR
M OL

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

START
OL
M

STOP

Figure 30 – 1 The stop button prevents the holding contact from sealing the circuit. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

L1 L2
RUN
STOP JOG O L ’S
1 2 3
M

(A)

L1 L2
RUN
STOP O L ’S
1 3
M

JOG
M
(B) 2

Figure 30 – 2 Double acting push buttons are used to provide jogging control. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

227
228 Chapter 30 Jogging and Inching

when the button is pushed it will defeat the holding the forward jog button is now open, preventing coil CR
contact and prevent it from sealing the circuit. The from being energized. Since CR contact remains open,
normally open section of the JOG button completes a the circuit to F coil cannot be sealed by the normally
circuit to energize the coil of the motor starter. When open F auxiliary contact.
the button is released, the normally open section breaks If the forward start button is pressed, a circuit is
the circuit to M coil before the normally closed section completed to F coil, causing all F contacts to change
reconnects to the circuit. This permits the starter to re- position. The normally open F auxiliary contact closes
open the holding contacts before the normally closed and provides a path through the normally closed sec-
section of the JOG button reconnects. tion of both jog buttons to CR coil. This causes CR
Although this circuit is sometimes used for jog- auxiliary contact to close and provide a current path
ging, it does have a severe problem. The action of ei- through the now closed F auxiliary contact to F coil,
ther of these two circuits depends on the normally open sealing the circuit when the forward push button is re-
M auxiliary contact (holding contact), which is used to leased. The reverse jog button and reverse start button
seal the circuit, being open before the normally closed operate the same way. Note also that normally closed F
section of the JOG button makes connection. Since and R auxiliary contacts are used to provide interlock-
push buttons employ a spring to return the contacts ing for the forward-reverse control.
to their normal position, if a person’s finger should slip
off the JOG button, it is possible for the spring to re-
Jogging Controlled by a Selector Switch
establish connection with the normally closed contacts
before the holding contact has time to reopen. This A selector switch can also be employed to provide
would cause the motor to continue running instead jogging. The switch is used to break the connection to
of stopping. In some cases, this could become a the holding contacts (Figure 30 – 5). In this circuit, a
significant safety hazard. single-pole single-throw toggle switch is used. When
the switch is in the ON position, connection is made to
the holding contacts. If the switch is in the OFF posi-
Using a Control Relay
tion, the holding contacts cannot seal the circuit when
The addition of a control relay to the jog circuit the START button is released. Note that the START
eliminates the problem of the holding contacts making button acts as both the start and jog button for this cir-
connection before the normally closed section of cuit. A selector switch can be used to provide the same
the jog push button reconnects. Two circuits that em- basic type of control (Figure 30 – 6).
ploy a control relay to provide jogging are shown in
Figure 30–3. In both of these circuits, the control relay,
not M starter, provides the auxiliary holding contacts. Inching Controls
The JOG push button energizes the coil of M motor
starter but does not energize the coil of control relay As stated previously, jogging and inching are very sim-
CR. The START push button is used to energize the ilar in that both are accomplished by providing short
coil of CR relay. When energized, CR relay contacts jabs of power to a motor to help position certain pieces
provide connection to M coil. The use of control relays of machinery. Inching, however, is accomplished by
in a jogging circuit is very popular because of the sim- providing a reduced amount of power to the motor.
plicity and safety offered. Transformers can be used to reduce the amount of volt-
A jogging circuit for a forward-reverse control is age applied to the motor during inching, or reactors or
shown in Figure 30–4. Note that a control relay is used resistors can be connected in series with the motor to
to provide jogging in either direction. When the for- reduce the current supplied by the power line. In the
ward jog push button is pressed, the normally open sec- circuit shown in Figure 30 – 7, resistors are connected
tion makes connection and provides power to F coil. in series with the motor during inching. Notice that
This causes F load contacts to close and connect the inching control requires the use of a separate contactor
motor to the power line. The normally open F auxiliary because the power supplied to the motor must be sepa-
contact closes, also, but the normally closed section of rate from full line voltage.
 Chapter 30 Jogging and Inching 229

L1 L2

START
STOP O L ’S
1 3
CR

CR
2

JOG

(A) CR

L1 L2

START
STOP
1
CR

CR
JOG
OL
M
3

CR M
(B) 2

Figure 30 – 3 Control relays provide jogging control. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

230 Chapter 30 Jogging and Inching

L1 L2 L3
F OL

F OL
MOTOR
F OL

CONTROL TRANSFORMER

JOG FWD.

START FWD.
STOP R OL
F

F
CR JOG REV.
CR

START REV. R
F
R

Figure 30 – 4 Jogging using a control relay on a forward-reverse control. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)
 L1 L2 L3
M OL

M OL
MOTOR
M OL

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

START
STOP
OL
M

M
RUN–JOG SWITCH

Figure 30 – 5 A single pole single throw toggle switch provides jog or run control. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

L1 L2 L3
M OL

M OL
MOTOR
M OL

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

START
STOP
OL
M

RUN JOG

Figure 30 – 6 A selector switch provides run-jog control. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

231
232 Chapter 30 Jogging and Inching

L1 L2 L3
M OL

M OL
MOTOR
M OL

IR

IR

IR

CONTROL
TRANSFORMER

START
STOP
OL
M

INCH M

IR

Figure 30 – 7 Resistors are used to reduce power to the motor. (Source: Delmar/Cengage Learning.)

Review Questions
1. Explain the difference between inching and jogging. 4. Refer to the circuit shown in Figure 30 – 9. In this
2. What is the main purpose of jogging? circuit, the jog push button has again been con-
nected incorrectly. The normally closed section
3. Refer to the circuit shown in Figure 30 – 8. In this of the button has been connected in series with the
circuit, the jog button has been connected incor- normally open run push button, and the normally
rectly. The normally closed section has been con- open section of the jog button is connecting in
nected in parallel with the run push button, and the parallel with the holding contacts. Explain how
normally open section has been connected in series this circuit operates.
with the holding contacts. Explain how this circuit
operates.