Determination OF OF Forces IN TIE AND JIB OF A Simple Crane" Simple "JIB

Experiment # 6(Tie and Jib Crane)
Experiment # 07
DETERMINATION OF FORCES IN TIE AND JIB OF A SIMPLE “JIB-
CRANE”
Objectives
To determine forces in tie and jib of a simple JIB
JIB-CRANE by experimental, analytical and
graphical method.
Need and scope
To compare the force in tie and jib determined graphically and analytically. And to practically
verify the force in tie of a crane is a tensile force and in jib is a compressive force and also
observe the working of simple tie and jib under different loadings
loadings.
Apparatus
1. Tie and jib apparatus
2. Different weights and hangers
3. Spring balance
4. Steel tape
Related theory
Equilibrium
A balanced state of a body under the action of given forces, iis known as equilibrium. In this state
the net effect of all the forces is nil.
Conditions of equilibrium:
On a body at equilibrium there is no resultant force and also there is no moment i.e. there is no
couple acting on it. Resultant is zero only if the aalgebraic
lgebraic sum of components along two mutually
perpendicular axes is zero.
Therefore, analytical conditions of equilibrium are:
1. ∑Fx = 0 Means algebraic sum of components of all the forces along any direction (say x- x
axis) is zero.
2. ∑Fy = 0 Means algebraic sum of components of all the forces in a direction (say y-axis)
y at
90 to the first direction is zero.
3. ∑M = 0 Means algebraic sum of moments of all the forces about any point in their plane is
zero.
The first two conditions are applicable for concurrent for
forces
ces and all the three conditions
must be applicable for non-concurrent
concurrent forces.
(20/Total pages)
Procedure
1. Note the zero error of spring balance.
2. Apply weight at hanger and observe spring balance reading and geometrical observations i.e.
AB, BC and AC (constant).
3. Calculate the angles α, β and γ from the geometrical lengths using Cosine Law.
4. Repeat above steps by increasing weight in hanger
5. Determine forces in tie and jib analytically and graphically.
Analytical Method:
6. Analyze the concurrent forces at B using conditions of static equilibrium
7. (ΣFx = 0, ΣFy= 0)
8. From the figure 5.1, we have;
9. ΣFx = 0 → FT Sinα − FJSinγ = 0
10. ΣFy = 0 → FT Cosα + FJCosγ = W
11. Using these relations, we can work out the magnitude of the unknown forces.
Concurrent forces at B
Graphical Method:
1. Select a suitable scale for forces i.e. 1 cm → 1 N
2. Draw a vertical line whose length represents magnitude of force applied at hanger.
3. Knowing α and γ, draw two lines from vertical line such that they intersect at one point as
shown in figure 5.2.
4. The length of two lines gives the magnitude of forces in tie and jib.
5. The direction can be found using head to tail rule.
(21/Total pages)
Observations and results
Load
Lengths (cm) Angles ( º) FT (N) FJ (N)
(W)
N AB AC BC α β γ EXP ANA GRAP ANA GRA
Comparison of results:
Table: Comparison of Analytical and Graphical
%age % difference =E −A× 100

Load %age difference (FT)
(N) difference (FJ) E
E –A E-G A–G A-G *This gives difference of “A” w.r.t. “E”.
Comments
(22/Total pages)
Experiment # 7(Supports and reactions)
Experiment # 07
TO OBSERVE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUPPORTS AND FIND THE REACTIONS AND
DRAW SHEAR FORCE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF BEAMS
Objectives
To Understand and practice practically how the different loadings are applied and their reactions
on beams and to draw the shear force and bending moment diagram of the different beams
Need and scope

Shear and bending moment diagrams are analytical tools used in conjunction with structural
analysis to help perform structural design by determining the value of shear force and bending
moment at a given point of a structural element such as a beam. These diagrams can be used to
easily determine the type, size, and material of a member in a structure so that a given set
of loads can be supported without structural failure. Another application of shear and moment
diagrams is that the deflection of a beam can be easily determined using either the moment area
method or the conjugate beam method.
Apparatus
1. Any Beam
2. Weights
3. Superposition Apparatus
Related theory
Bending moment and shearing force were two important factors to be considered while
designing any structural component. The experiment was carried out by setting up two edges
support on the base of two structural frames with an equal separation distance on both ends. The
load of different masses will be tested for these cases through measuring the reading of shearing
forces and bending moment, analyzing the difference between actual and experimental reading,
and this will enable us to identify whether the load is able to withstand at maximum masses
along the beam.
 Every structure will try to resist the deformation by developing the above internal
resistance (Shear, Moment and/or Bending Moment). However, the properties of the
body will decide how much resistance would be provided against loading.
For example,
 A beam of concrete material has very high resistance to shear. It is however very weak in
tension.
 A steel beam has high resistance in both shear as well as bending. However, it is very
expensive when compared to concrete.
 Hence, while designing a beam of concrete we find the points of maximum SFD and
BMD values. These values in turn give us the idea as to the kind of material and
geometry we need to provide to resist deformation (or failure in general). Since, concrete
is very cheap we try to provide as much of it as possible. However, it is weak in tension.
(23/Total pages)
Experiment # 7(Supports and reactions)
Procedure
Make the different types of beams on the Beam or superposition apparatus with different types of
loadings and find the reactions plus draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams
Observations and results

Shear force and bending moment diagrams sheet.
Comments
(24/Total pages)

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Experiment # 6(Tie and Jib Crane)

Observations and results

N AB AC BC α β γ EXP ANA GRAP ANA GRA

%age % difference =E −A× 100

Need and scope

Observations and results

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