EXERCISES (REVIEW)

TEXT 1
Although only a small percentage of the electromagnetic radiation that is
emitted by the Sun is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the amount that is emitted would
be enough to cause severe damage to most forms of life on Earth were it all to reach
Line the surface of the earth. Fortunately, all of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation does not
(5) reach the earth because of a layer of oxygen, called the ozone layer, encircling the
earth in the stratosphere at an altitude of about 15 miles above the earth. The
ozone layer absorbs much of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation and prevents it from
reaching the earth.
Ozone is a form of oxygen in which each molecule consists of three atoms (03)
(10) instead of the two atoms (02) usually found in an oxygen molecule. Ozone forms in
the stratosphere in a process that is initiated by ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.
UV radiation from the Sun splits oxygen molecules with two atoms into free oxygen
atoms, and each of these unattached oxygen atoms then joins up with an oxygen
molecule to form ozone. UV radiation is also capable of splitting up ozone
(15) molecules; thus, ozone is constantly forming, splitting, and reforming in the
stratosphere. When UV radiation is absorbed during the process of ozone formation
and reformation, it is unable to reach Earth and cause damage there.
Recently, however, the ozone layer over parts of the earth has been diminishing.
Chief among the culprits in the case of the disappearing ozone, those that are really
(20) responsible, are the chloroflurocarbons (CFCs). CFCs meander up from Earth into
the stratosphere, where they break down and release chlorine. The released
chlorine reacts with ozone in the stratosphere to form chlorine monoxide (CIO) and
oxygen (02). The chlorine then becomes free to go through the cycle over and over
again. One chlorine atom can, in fact, destroy hundreds of thousands of ozone
(25) molecules in this repetitious cycle, and the effects of this destructive process are
now becoming.

1. What is the passage mainly about? 4. It is stated in the passage that the ozone
A. The impact of ultraviolet radiation layer
B. The chronicles of UV light A. enables ultraviolet radiation to reach
C. The culprits in disappearing ozone the Earth
D. The chemical substances in UV B. reflects ultraviolet radiation
light C. shields the Earth from a lot of
ultraviolet radiation
2. According to the passage, ultraviolet D. reaches down to the Earth
radiation from the sun
A. is causing severe damage to the 5. According to the passage, an ozone
Earth’s ozone layer molecule
B. is only a fraction of the Sun’s A. consists of three oxygen molecules
electromagnetic radiation B. contains more oxygen atoms than the
C. creates electromagnetic radiation usual oxygen molecule does
D. always reaches the Earth C. consists of two oxygen atoms
D. contains the same number of atom as
3. The word “encircling” in line 5 can be the usual oxygen molecule
best replaced with 6. Ultraviolet radiation causes oxygen
A. Rotating C. Raising molecules to
B. Attacking D. Surrounding A. rise to the stratosphere
B. burn up ozone molecules
C. split up and reform as ozone
D. reduce the number of chlooflurocarbons
7. The word “it” in line 17 refers to 10. According to the passage, what
A. radiation C. formation happens after a chlorine molecule reacts
B. process D. damage with an ozone molecule?
A. The ozone breaks down into three
8. The word “culprits” in line 19 can be best oxygen atoms
replaced with B. Two differen molecules are created
A. Guilty parties C. Group members C. The two molecules combine into one
B. Detectives D. Leaders molecule
D. Three distinct molecules resul
9. Where in the passage does the author
explain how much damage chlorine can
do?
A. Line 1-4 C. Line 20-24
B. Line 16-17 D. Line 24-26

TEXT 2
To Americans, the Pony was a fixture of the Old West; most of them are rather
surprised to find out that in reality the Pony Express was in existence for only a
short period of time, about a year and a half. This forefather of “express” mail
Line service operated between St. Joseph, Missouri, and Sacramento, California, a
(5) distance of just under 2,000 miles; letters and small packages could be delivered
in under 10 days instead of the 3 to 4 weeks that it had taken prior to the
institution of the Pony Express.
In 1860, St. Joseph was the westernmost terminal of the country's railroad
system; mail destined for the West Coast could come to St. Joe by train, but the
(10) only way to get it farther west was on horseback. The Pony Express service was
established on April 3, 1860, to fill this need: a letter carried on horseback with
only minimal downtime for changes in horses and riders could cover 200 miles in
one twenty-four hour period.
The Pony Express system consisted of approximately 80 riders, 400 horses, and
(15) 190 stations every 10 to 15 miles along the route. One rider took a mail pouch and
carried it for 75 miles, changing his tired horse for a fresh one at every station; he
then passed the pouch to another rider. Riders traveled day and night, and the mail
never stopped.
On October 24, 1861, only a year and a half after the start of the Pony Express,
(20) the first transcontinental telegraph opened for business, ending the need for the
Pony Express. The Pony Express officially closed for business on October 26, 1861;
obviously its owners were quick to recognize that the need for their services had
just been basically wiped out.

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about? 3. In which course would this passage
A. The history of Pony Express most likely be assigned reading?
B. The event happened to a Pony A. Veterinary Medicine
C. A letter in past time B. Speech Communication
D. A system of business C. Audiology
D. American History
2. The word “them” in line 1 refers to the word
4. The word “prior” in line 6 can be best
A. The Pony Express C. American replaced with
B. The Old West D. Fixtures A. last C. earlier
B. after D. former
5. Where in the passage does the author 8. Where in the passage does the author
mention the amount of time it took to discuss why the Pony Express was
deliver a letter before the Pony Express? discontinued?
A. Lines 1-3 C. Lines 10-13 A. The first paragraph
B. Lines 3-7 D. Lines 14-15 B. The second paragraph
C. The third paragraph
6. The word “come” in line 9 can be best D. The fourth paragraph
replaced with
A. Approach C. Deliver 9. The word “its” in line 22 refer to
B. Arrive D. Happen A. The Pony Express
B. The First Transcontinental
7. Which of the following statement is C. The Service
NOT TRUE about the system of Pony D. The Telegraph Business
Express?
A. It consisted 80 riders. 10. Why was Pony Express collapsed?
B. It had 400 stations in each route. A. Its service had been wiped out with
C. It allowed the rider took mail pouch the existence of ranscontinental Inc.
and carried it for 75 miles. B. It merged its business with
D. It facilitated its rider to change tired transcontinental telegraph.
horse in every station C. There was corruption among its
employee.
D. Transcontinental telegraph had
sabotaged Pony Express’ employees

TEXT 3
For a century before the Erie Canal was built, there was much discussion among
the general population of the Northeast as to the need for connecting the waterways
of the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. A project of such monumental
Line proportions was not going to be undertaken and completed without a supreme
(5) amount of effort.
The man who was instrumental in accomplishing the feat that was the Erie Canal
was DeWittt Clinton. As early as 1812, he was in the Nation’s capital
petitioning the federal government for financial assistance on the project,
emphasizing what a boon to the economy of the country the canal would be; his
(10) efforts with the federal government, however, were not successful.
In 1816, the Clinton asked the New York State Legislature for the funding for
the canal, and this time he did succeed. A canal commission was instituted, and
Clinton himself was made head of it. One year later, Clinton was elected governor
of the state, and soon after, construction of the canal was started.
(15) The canal took eight years to complete, and Clinton was on the first barge to
travel the length of the canal, the Seneca Chief, which departed from Buffalo on
October 26, 1825, and arrived in New York City on November 4. Because of the
success of the Erie Canal, numerous other canals were built in other parts of the
country.

1. When did Clinton ask the U.S. 2. The word “boon” in line 9 can be best
government for the canal? replaced with
A. One hundred years before the canal A. detriment C. benefit
was built B. disadvantage D.cost
B. In 1812
C. In 1816
D. In 1825
3. The pronoun “it” in line 13 refers to 8. Where in the passage does the author
A. The New York State Legislature mention a committee that worked to
B. The canal develop the canal?
C. The commission A. The 1st paragraph
D. The state governor B. The 2nd paragraph
C. The 3rd paragraph
4. In what year did the actual building of D. The 4th paragraph
the canal get underway?
A. In 1812 C. In 1817 9. The paragraph following the passage most
B. In 1816 D. In 1825 probably discusses
A. The century before the building of the
5. What did actually happen to Erie Canal Erie Canal
in the end? B. Canals in different U.S locations
A. Other canals were also built C. The effect of the Erie Canal on the
B. The Canal system stopped Buffalo area
C. No more canals in the USA D. Clinton’s carreer as governor of New
D. Erie Canal did not exist York

6. Which line did explain about the building 10. What is the similar meaning of elected in
of Erie Canal? line 13?
A. Line 5-10 C. Line 14-16 A. chosen
B. Line 12-15 D. Line 17-20 B. confused
C. fixed
7. Which one is true about The Seneca D. happened
Chief?
A. It’s the name of the Canal.
B. It’s the name of a boat.
C. It’s Clinton’s nickname.
D. It’s the nickname of Buffalo

TEXT 4
Aspirin's origins go back at least as early as 1758. In that year, Englishman
Edward Stone noticed a distinctive bitter flavor in the bark of the willow tree. To
Stone, this particular bark seemed to have much in common with "Peruvian Bark,"
Line which had been used medicinally since the 1640s to bring down fevers and to treat
(5) malaria. Stone decided to test the effectiveness of the willow bark. He obtained
some, pulverized it into tiny pieces, and conducted experiments on its properties.
His tests demonstrated that this pulverized willow bark was effective both in
reducing high temperatures and in relieving aches and pains. In 1763, Stone
presented his findings to the British Royal Society.
(10) Several decades later, further studies on the medicinal value of the willow bark
were being conducted by two Italian scientists. These chemists, Brugnatelli and
Fontana, determined that the active chemical that was responsible for the
medicinal characteristics in the willow bark was the chemical salicin, which is the
active ingredient of today's aspirin.
(15) The name "aspirin" is the trade name of the drug based on the chemical salicin,
properly known as acetylsalicylic acid. The trade name "aspirin" was invented for
the drug in the 1890s by the Bayer Drug Company in Germany. The first bottles of
aspirin actually went on sale to the public just prior to the turn of the century, in
1899.
 1. When was aspirin originated?
A. no later than 1758
B. sometime after 1758
C. definitely sometime in 1758
D. no earlier than 1758

2. It can be inferred from the passage that Peruvian Bark

A. caused fevers
B. was ineffective in treating malaria
C. was described to the British Royal Society by Stone
D. was in use prior to aspirin

3. What does the pronoun "it" in line 6 refer to?

A. malaria
B. willow bark
C. effectiveness
D. the British Royal Society

4. The word "properties”in line 6 could best be replaced by

A. ownership C. body
B. characteristics D. materials

5. What did the willow bark look like after Stone prepared it for his experiments?
A. It was in large chunks.
B. It was a thick liquid.
C. It was a rough powder.
D. It was in strips of bark.

6. The Italian chemists mentioned in the passage most probably conducted their studies
on willow bark
A. in the 1750s C. in the 1770s
B. in the 1760s D. in the 1780s

7. What is true about Brugnatelli and Fontana?

A. They were from Italy.
B. They added a chemical to the willow bark.
C. They conducted studies on the willow bark.
D. They were medical doctors.

8. The expression "prior to" in line 18 could best be replaced by

A. at C. during
B. before D. after

9. The word "turn" in line 18 could best be replaced by

A. spin C. change
B. corner D. reversal

10. Where in the passage does the author name the scientific compound that makes
 spin up aspirin?
A. Lines 2-5 C. Lines 10-11
B. Lines 8-9 D. Lines 15-16

11. What does the passage above mainly discuss?

A. The origin name of aspirin
B. The history of a disease
C. A new invention
D. The origin name of pharmacy