Presentation on Sun Shading

Devices

Presenters:
Binisha Gurung
Nishu Shrestha
Prabal Dahal
Rojina Nakarmi
Suchitra Bhatta
Introduction
 Sun Shading Devices are any
mechanical equipment or textiles that
are used either internally or externally
or in between the internal and the
external building space.

 The primary objective of creating a

comfortable internal environment, that
is, cool in the summer and warm in the
winter.
Need of Sun Shading Devices
 To reduce the heat gains during summer,
reduce the cooling loads and therefore
minimize energy costs.
 Sun Shading Devices improve internal
environment in order to provide greater
comfort for occupants.
 Likewise, internal sun shading devices
like curtains help to beautify internal
space and create a sense of privacy.
 Therefore, it is highly essential for the
architects and engineers to incorporate
these shading techniques.
Types of Sun Shading
Devices
On the basis of their position in a
building:-

 Internal
 External
 Interpane
Internal Sun Shading Devices
 Limit the glare resulting from solar
radiation.
 Usually are adjustable and allow
occupants to regulate the amount of
direct light entering their space.
 Most commonly these shading
devices take the form of horizontal or
vertical blinds attached above
windows.
 Internal shading devices should be
made or designed to be durable.
Curtains: It is the most commonly used shading
device, mostly used on residential buildings. It is
cheaper in comparison and can be found in various
varieties, colours and texture. A curtain also acts as a
decorative item.
Venetian blind: Venetian blinds are basic slatted
blinds made of metal or plastic, wood or bamboo can
also be used. Suspended by a strip of cloth called
tapes, all slats in unison can be rotated through nearly
180 degrees. Slat width can be between 16 and
120 mm, with 25 mm being a common width
Vertical Louvre blinds: Suitable for many
applications in commercial and public buildings where
the control of heat, light and glare are of concern. It
can be used in larger windows and doors too.
Roller blinds: Roller blinds are usually stiffened
polyester, mounted on a metal pole and operated with
a side chain or spring mechanism. Roller Blinds are a
practical blind for everyday use, Block Outs, Sun
Screens and Translucent with a metal or plastic chain
available, that operates the blind through an
aluminum tube to roll up and down.
Pleated Blinds: Pleated blinds are shades made
from a pleated fabric (which helps to add texture to a
room) that pull up to sit flat at the top of a window to
hide from sight when open.
Blackout binds: Blackout blinds stop light from
passing through thanks to special treatments and
extra tight woven fabrics to help control the light levels
in a room. It is designed to block the external lights to
enter the room.
External Sun Shading
Devices
 Considered better than internal

 Horizontal, Vertical or inclined

projections

 Vegetation and other buildings

Horizontal Devices: to shade a window during
hot summer months, but to allow sunlight to shine
through a window in the winter, to help warm a
building.
Vertical Devices: Primarily useful for east and
west exposures to improve the insulation value of
glass in winter months by acting as a windbreak.

Slanted Vertical Fin Vertical Fins

The egg-crate: A combination of vertical and
horizontal shading elements commonly used in hot
climate regions because of their high shading
efficiencies. The horizontal elements control ground
glare from reflected solar rays. The device works well
on walls
Shading from External
Environment

Shade from
buildings
Designing a Shading Device

 Select Shading Type

 Identify Design Dimensions

 Identify Category
Select Shading Type
Orientation Suggested Shading Type

North fixed or adjustable shading placed horizontally above window

East and West adjustable vertical screens outside window

NE and NW adjustable shading

SE and SW planting

Climatic zones Requirements

Hot and dry Complete one year round shading

Warm and humid Complete year round shading , but design should be made such that ventilation is not
affected

Temperature Complete year round shading but only during major sunshine hours

Cold and cloudy No shading

Cold and sunny Shading during summer months only

Composite Shading during summer months only

Sun paths
Our device should be such that:

 i. It reduces glare.
 ii. It reduces cooling load.
 iii. It allows us to see the view that we
like to watch.
 iv. For doing presentations, complete
shut off of lights is possible.
 v. There is limited reduction daylight.
Identify Design Dimension
Shading type: Horizontal Overhang
Shading category: fixed
Design dimensions: Relationship between the overhang
Depth (L) and the opening height (H).
L=H L=3H/4 L=H/2 L=H/3 L=H/4

Shading type: Vertical Overhang

Shading category: fixed
Design Dimensions: Relationship between the overhang
Depth (L) and the opening width (d).
L=d L=3d/4 L=d/2
Example of a calculation:
Identify Category
 Fixed
 Adjustable
 Movable
 Dynamic
 Manual
 Automatic
Importance and Advantages of
Sun Shading Devices
 Maintain a comfortable indoor temperature.
 Shading is a simple method to block the sun before it
can get into the building.
 Shading minimizes the incident solar radiation and cool
the building effectively and hence dramatically affect
building energy performance.
 Reduce building peak heat gain and cooling
requirements and improve the natural lighting quality of
building interiors.
 Peak electricity demand is also reduced by exterior
shading devices, resulting in lower peak demand
charges from utilities and reduced mechanical
equipment costs.
 Likewise, trees when used as shading devices can
beautify landscape and provide oxygen. Internal
Shading devices also help to create a sense of privacy.
Disadvantages of Sun Shading
Devices
 Difficulties can be experienced in handling the internal
shading devices like curtains and blinds.
 In the use of shading devices like light shelves,
problems with low angle winter sunlight penetration can
give rise to glare.
 If the building is highly stylized (e.g. Neoclassical or
glass cube), it may be impossible to reconcile external
shading with the original style. Shading always blocks a
part of the view. As a minimum, it blocks the portion of
the sky where the sun travels.
 Some shading methods are extremely specific to
compass orientation (azimuth). For example, fixed
horizontal shading may leak sunlight into the building
during the morning or afternoon unless it is used on a
face that is oriented almost exactly due south.
National Case Studies

Trees used as Sun Shading Device for the East

face of a commercial building in Durbarmarg.
We can also see Vertical Blinds used in the internal
space.
In the same building, on the top, a restaurant is using a space
created by interesting sun shading devices.
In Lainchaur, Malla Hotel, Horizontal sun shading device is used
in the north facade of the building. The windows are also having
panes that reduce glare in the internal environment.
In Jyoti Bhawan, Kantipath, Jamal, vertical external sun shading
devices have been used on the East Facade.
On the way to Jyatha from
Jamal, a hotel is using
eggcrate device on the
western facade.
On the Eastern facade (receiving maximum amount of Sunlight
throughout the day) of Suraj Arcade, Kathmandu Durbar Square area,
Vertical Sun shading devices have been used.
Eggcrate type device in Jamal. East facade.

Horizontal in North Face (receiving les

sunlight) of a commercial building in
Makhan Tole.
Formal National Case Study I
 Name of the building: Janak Nath Memorial
School, previously Kanya School.
 Location: Lainchour
 Date Established: 2043 B.S.
 Type of Building: Public School
 Use: Students, teachers, staffs and
administrative people use this building
generally from 10 am to 4 pm on weekdays.
 Type of Shading Device: External Shading
Device
 Type of External: Egg Crate
 Position of Device: East Facade
Effectiveness: The Eggcrate system has been used
not only around the window openings, but also on
walls. The shading device has therefore been
converted into design element as well. The length of
projections are 1 feet and have provided very good
shade. Therefore, this can be considered good use of
shading device.
The internal view of a
classroom in third floor.
Students feel comfortable
both in summer and
winter as per the
information provided by a
staff member of the
school

Windows themselves
have been placed at a
height likely to prevent
students from outside
distractions. Eggcrate
patterns visible on the
interior space as well.
Formal National Case Study II
 Name of the building: Kathmandu Durbar
Square Cafe, previously shops and
storage.
 Location: Basantapur
 Type of Building: Public
 Use: Staffs and customers use the place
throughout the whole day 7 am to 9 pm.
 Type of Shading Device: External
Shading Device and Internal Shading
Device
 Type of External: Eggcrate
 Type of Internal: Stickers
 Position of Device: South Facade
Effectiveness: On the ground floor, there are glass panes
windows where stickers have been used. Stickers are serving
the purpose of preventing excessive glare from entering the
internal space as well as giving a sense of privacy. On the first
floor, external eggcrate shades have been used. The windows
are small probably because the building was built when
traditional Newari building style was popular in the area. Addition
of shades seems useless. However, the first floor, if used for
storage could have required shades.
Internal shades, stickers used behind the
cash counter. Serving both as shading and
privacy creating device.
Space of the first floor. Little or no
use of sun shading device in today's
context
Secondary National Case
Study
 Name of the building: Mahendra Bhawan
School Administrative block when used by
Kathmandu Academy
 Type of Building: Educational Institution
 Use: Students, teachers, staffs and
administrative people use this building
generally from 7 am to 4 pm on weekdays.
 Type of Shading Device: Internal
 Type of Internal: Pleated Blinds
 Position of Device: Eastern Windows of 1st
floor, Southern Windows of ground and 1st
floor, Northern Window of Ground floor.
Lounge and teacher's lounge.
Preventing glare and creating a sense of
privacy in the north window of computer
room
Blinds on the first floor in a winter morning. In summer, the
desks nearby the windows are generally left vacant due to
heat.
International Case Studies
 Formal International Case Study I:
 Name of the Building: National Library,
Singapore
 Location: Victoria Street, Singapore
 Date: 2004
 Associated Names: Kenneth Yeang
(architect/planner), T.R. Hamzah &
Yeang (architect/planner)
 Building Types: educational
 Building Usage: library
 Hot humid climate
 Widest shading device (1.8m)
 Made of light metallic material similar to wings
of aircraft
 Oriented away from east-west solar exposure
(to cut down solar penetration)
 Sunshading devices on the west side
 Blinds used at building façade
 (Adjusts automatically through day light
sensors depending on the light intensity)
 Motion sensors and energy efficient lighting
are used throughout the building
 Façade has double-glazed, high quality, low-
emissivity glass to reduce head transfer
Formal International Case
Study II:
 Name of the Building: SUR YAPI
OFFICES
 Location: Istanbul, Turkey
 Date: July, 2010
 Associate names: Gökhan Aktan
Altug,TAGO Architects
 Building type: Official
 Use: Sur Building Construction
Industry. TIC. LTD. STI.
 The building is oriented to maximize the
generous south light, while dramatic,
faceted louvers act as a solar shading
device.
 The louvers become part of the dynamic
skin of the building.
Interior space
Secondary International Case
Study
 Name of Building: Ebril Metro Station
 Location: Ebril, Iraq
 Date: Under construction
 Associated names: Mohammed
Siyamand
 Building Type: Metro station
 Building Usage: Metro station
 Shading type: Dynamic
Recommendations:
 When deciding which devices to use and where
to use them, the designer must consider a whole
range of issues, whether they will be opened and
closed daily as needed or just put up for the
hottest season, whether they will adversely affect
natural lighting level or even produce more glare,
and how they might affect any natural ventilation
strategy.
 On average, external products are twice as good
as internal products in reducing peak cooling
loads
 In selecting shading products, one should also
pay attention to the transmitted daylight and the
effect on the view out.
Conclusion
 The team found out that there are various
types of shading devices used in Nepal and
in international buildings. Importantly, the
team members realized that projections
around the windows in buildings are not just
design elements but also serve the purpose
of shading devices. Comparatively, the
national devices were less good looking and
effective than the international. This, the team
conjectures to be a result of poor design
ideas and techniques in the national
buildings. The team realizes that the
importance of proper designing of sun
shading devices and therefore willing to
incorporate the devices in their design works.
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THANK YOU