1ramya Artificial Eye Seminar PPT Finalised

Seminar
On
Artificial Eye
Submitted To: Submitted By:

NANDHINI RAMYA SHREE. A
Content
• Introduction
• What is artificial eye?
• The History of Artificial Eyes
• How eyes work?
• Visual System
• The Manufacturing Process
• The eye
• Human Eye Conditions
• Three Types of Eye Removal
• Possible Conditions Leading to an Artificial Eye
• Conclusion and Future Scope
• References
Introduction
• In the current scenario, where over millions of people are

affected by visual anomalities, it was with a challenge that this
project came into being.
• It aims at restoring vision to the blind.
• Today, high-tech resources in microelectronics, Optoelectronic,
computer science, biomedical engineering and also in vitreo
retinal surgery are working together to realize a device for the
electrical stimulation of the visual system.
What is artificial eye?
• An ocular prosthesis or artificial eye is a type of craniofacial

prosthesis that replaces an absent natural eye following an
enucleation, evisceration, or orbital exenteration.
• The prosthesis fits over an orbital implant and under the
eyelids.
The History of Artificial Eyes
• Prior to World War II, ocular prosthetics were made of

specialized blown glass that collapsed to form a concave
shape.
• During and after World War II this glass became increasing
difficult to obtain. Soon, acrylic and other plastic polymers
were being used for many of the uses previously exclusive to
glass.
• An exciting use of this new material was for artificial eyes, or
ocular prosthetics. Acrylic revolutionized the art and process
of making ocular prosthetics.
How eyes work?
• The light coming from an object enters the eye through cornea and pupil.
• The eye lens converges these light rays to form a real, inverted and
diminished image on the retina.
• The light sensitive cells of the retina get activated with the incidence of
light and generate electric signals.
Anatomy of the eye
Visual System
• The human visual system is remarkable instrument.

• It features two mobile acquisition units each has formidable
preprocessing circuitry placed at a remote location from the
central processing system (brain).
• Its primary task include transmitting images with a viewing
angle of at least 140deg and resolution of 1 arc min over a
limited capacity carrier, the million or so fibers in each optic
nerve through these fibers the signals are passed to the so
called higher visual cortex of the brain.
The Manufacturing
Process
• The time to make an ocular pros-phesis from start to finish
varies with each ocularist and the individual patient . A typical
time is about 3.5 hours.
• There are two types of pros-phesis. The very thin shell type is
fitted over a blind , disfigured eye or over an eye which has
been just partially removed.
• The full modified impression type is made for those who have
had eyeball completely removed.
• The ocularist inspects the condition of the socket. The
horizontal and vertical dimensions and the periphery of the
socket are measured.
• The ocularist paints the iris. The iris button is selected to
match the patient’s own iris diameter typical iris diameter
ranges from (10mm-13mm).
• Next the ocularist hand carves a wax molding shell. This shell
has an alluminium iris button imbedded in that duplicates the
painted iris button.
• The impression is made using alginate a white powder made
from seaweed that is mixed with the wax to from a cream.
• After mixing the cream is placed on the backside of the
molding shell and the shell is inserted into the socket.
Human Eye Conditions
• The purpose of this section is to provide some background on

human eye conditions that can lead to vision loss and eye
removal.
• Anatomy of the eye
• 3 types of eye removal
• Orbital eye implants
• Possible conditions leading to an artificial eye
• Possible conditions leading to a scleral shell
• Eye care specialists
• Leading causes of eye loss in childen
Three Types of Eye Removal
• EVISCERATION- removal of the inner eye contents, iris and

cornea; leaving the sclera behind with the extraocular muscles
still attached.
• ENUCLEATION- removal of the eyeball, leaving the
remaining orbital contents intact; extraocular muscles are
detached and typically reattached to an orbital implant or fat
graft. Indications: tumors, infections, blind painful eye, severe
trauma. An artificial eye is fit following this eye surgery.
• EXENTERATION- removal of the contents of the eye socket
(orbit) including the eyeball, fat, muscles and other adjacent
structures of the eye.
Possible Conditions Leading to an Artificial Eye
• ENUCLEATION
• BLIND, PAINFUL EYE
• OCULAR MELANOMA
• TRAUMA
• RUPTURED GLOBE
• PENETRATING EYE INJURY
• PEFORATING EYE INJURY
• CATARACT
• INFECTION
• VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE
• ENDOPHTHALMITIS
Conclusion and Future Scope
• The application of the research work done is directed towards

the people who are visually impaired.
• People suffering from low vision to, people who are
completely blind will benefit from this project.
• The findings regarding biocompatibility of implant materials
will aid in other similar attempts for in human machine
interface.
References
• www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.com
THANKS

1ramya Artificial Eye Seminar PPT Finalised

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Seminar

Submitted To: Submitted By:

• In the current scenario, where over millions of people are

• An ocular prosthesis or artificial eye is a type of craniofacial

• Prior to World War II, ocular prosthetics were made of

• The human visual system is remarkable instrument.

• The purpose of this section is to provide some background on

• EVISCERATION- removal of the inner eye contents, iris and

• The application of the research work done is directed towards

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