Cisco Asr9k
Cisco Asr9k
This guide introduces the Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router that runs
Cisco IOS XR Software. This guide also describes administration, maintenance, and troubleshooting
tasks that may be required after initially starting the router.
This preface contains the following sections:
• Changes to This Document, page xi
• About This Document, page xi
• Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request, page xiii
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Preface
Intended Audience
This document is intended for the following people:
• Experienced service provider administrators
• Cisco telecommunications management engineers
• Third-party field service technicians who have completed the Cisco IOS XR Software training
sessions
• Customers who use and manage routers running Cisco IOS XR Software
Conventions
This document uses the following conventions:
Item Convention
Commands and keywords boldface font
Variable for which you supply values italic font
Displayed session and system information screen font
Commands and keywords you enter in an boldface screen font
interactive environment
Variables you enter in an interactive environment italic screen font
Menu items and button names boldface font
Menu navigation Option > Network Preferences
Note Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to material not covered in the
publication.
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Preface
Tip Means the following information will help you solve a problem. The information in tips might not be
troubleshooting or an action, but contains useful information.
Caution Means reader be careful. In this situation, you might do something that could result in equipment
damage or loss of data.
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Preface
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CH A P T E R 1
Introducing the Cisco ASR 9000 Series
Aggregation Services Router
This chapter introduces the Cisco ASR 9000 Series router that runs Cisco IOS XR Software. It also
introduces router concepts, features, and user interfaces.
Contents
• Router Overview, page 1-1
• System Configurations, page 1-6
• Management and Security, page 1-8
• Initial Router Configuration, page 1-9
• Where to Go Next, page 1-13
Router Overview
The Cisco ASR 9000 Series router is a multilayer Ethernet switching and aggregation platform. It is also
a label edge router (LER) that sits at the edge of a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) network. The
router has links that extend outside the MPLS network. It provides access and aggregation services for
enterprise and service providers.
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Router Overview
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Router Overview
• Flexible VLAN classification: VLAN classification into Ethernet flow points (EFPs) includes
single-tagged VLANs, double-tagged VLANs (QinQ and IEEE 802.1ad), contiguous VLAN ranges,
and noncontiguous VLAN lists.
• IEEE Bridging: The software supports native bridging based on IEEE 802.1Q, IEEE 802.1ad, and
QinQ VLAN encapsulation mechanisms on the router.
• IEEE 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree (MST): MST extends the IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol (MSTP) to multiple spanning trees, providing rapid convergence and load balancing.
• MST Access Gateway: This feature provides a resilient, fast-convergence mechanism for
aggregating and connecting to Ethernet-based access rings.
• Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS): VPLS is a class of VPN that supports the connection of
multiple sites in a single, bridged domain over a managed IP/MPLS network. It presents an Ethernet
interface to customers, simplifying the LAN and WAN boundary for service providers and
customers, and enabling rapid and flexible service provisioning because the service bandwidth is
not tied to the physical interface. All services in a VPLS appear to be on the same LAN, regardless
of location.
• Hierarchical VPLS (H-VPLS): H-VPLS provides a level of hierarchy at the edge of the VPLS
network for increased scale. QinQ access and H-VPLS pseudowire access options are supported.
• Virtual Private WAN Services/Ethernet over MPLS (VPWS/EoMPLS): EoMPLS transports
Ethernet frames across an MPLS core using pseudowires. Individual EFPs or an entire port can be
transported over the MPLS backbone using pseudowires to an egress interface or subinterface.
• Pseudowire redundancy: Pseudowire redundancy supports the definition of a backup pseudowire to
protect a primary pseudowire that fails.
• Multisegment pseudowire stitching: Multisegment pseudowire stitching is a method for
interworking two pseudowires together to form a cross-connect relationship.
• IPv4 Multicast: IPv4 Multicast supports Internet Group Management Protocol Versions 2 and 3
(IGMPv2/v3), Protocol Independent Multicast Source Specific Multicast (SSM) and Sparse Mode
(SM), Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP), and Anycast Rendezvous Point (RP).
• IGMP v2/v3 Snooping: This Layer 2 mechanism efficiently tracks multicast membership on an
L2VPN network. Individual IGMP joins are snooped at the VLAN level or pseudowire level and
then summarizes results into a single upstream join message. In residential broadband deployments,
this feature enables the network to send only channels that are being watched to the downstream
users
Flexible Ethernet
The router uses Ethernet as its transport mechanism, this offers the following:
• Ethernet virtual connections (EVCs): Ethernet services are supported using individual EVCs to
carry traffic belonging to a specific service type or end user through the network. You can use
EVC-based services in conjunction with MPLS-based L2VPNs and native IEEE bridging
deployments.
• Flexible VLAN classification: VLAN classification into Ethernet flow points (EFPs) includes
single-tagged VLANs, double-tagged VLANs (QinQ and IEEE 802.1ad), contiguous VLAN ranges,
and noncontiguous VLAN lists.
• IEEE Bridging: The software supports native bridging based on IEEE 802.1Q, IEEE 802.1ad, and
QinQ VLAN encapsulation mechanisms on the router.
• IEEE 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree (MST): MST extends the IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol (MSTP) to multiple spanning trees, providing rapid convergence and load balancing.
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Router Overview
• MST Access Gateway: This feature provides a resilient, fast-convergence mechanism for
aggregating and connecting to Ethernet-based access rings.
L2VPN
The Cisco ASR 9000 Series router uses L2VPNs, this offers the following:
• Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS): VPLS is a class of VPN that supports the connection of
multiple sites in a single, bridged domain over a managed IP/MPLS network. It presents an Ethernet
interface to customers, simplifying the LAN and WAN boundary for service providers and
customers, and enabling rapid and flexible service provisioning because the service bandwidth is
not tied to the physical interface. All services in a VPLS appear to be on the same LAN, regardless
of location.
• Hierarchical VPLS (H-VPLS): H-VPLS provides a level of hierarchy at the edge of the VPLS
network for increased scale. QinQ access and H-VPLS pseudowire access options are supported.
• Virtual Private WAN Services/Ethernet over MPLS (VPWS/EoMPLS): EoMPLS transports
Ethernet frames across an MPLS core using pseudowires. Individual EFPs or an entire port can be
transported over the MPLS backbone using pseudowires to an egress interface or subinterface.
• Pseudowire redundancy: Pseudowire redundancy supports the definition of a backup pseudowire to
protect a primary pseudowire that fails.
• Multisegment pseudowire stitching: Multisegment pseudowire stitching is a method for
interworking two pseudowires together to form a cross-connect relationship.
Multicast
The Cisco ASR 9000 Series router supports multicast, this offers the following:
• IPv4 Multicast: IPv4 Multicast supports Internet Group Management Protocol Versions 2 and 3
(IGMPv2/v3), Protocol Independent Multicast Source Specific Multicast (SSM) and Sparse Mode
(SM), Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP), and Anycast Rendezvous Point (RP).
• IGMP v2/v3 Snooping: This Layer 2 mechanism efficiently tracks multicast membership on an
L2VPN network. Individual IGMP joins are snooped at the VLAN level or pseudowire level and
then summarizes results into a single upstream join message. In residential broadband deployments,
this feature enables the network to send only channels that are being watched to the downstream
users.
OAM
The Cisco ASR 9000 Series router supports different types of operations, administration, and
maintenance (OAM), this offers the following:
• E-OAM (IEEE 802.3ah): Ethernet link layer OAM is a vital component of EOAM that provides
physical-link OAM to monitor link health and assist in fault isolation. Along with IEEE 802.1ag,
Ethernet link layer OAM can be used to assist in rapid link-failure detection and signaling to remote
end nodes of a local failure.
• E-OAM (IEEE 802.1ag): Ethernet Connectivity Fault Management is a subset of EOAM that
provides numerous mechanisms and procedures that allow discovery and verification of the path
through IEEE 802.1 bridges and LANs.
• MPLS OAM: This protocol supports label-switched-path (LSP) ping, LSP TraceRoute, and virtual
circuit connectivity verification (VCCV).
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Router Overview
Layer 3 routing
The Cisco ASR 9000 Series router runs Cisco IOS XR Software which supports Layer 3 routing and a
range of IPv4 services and routing protocols, including the following:
• Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS)
• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
• static routing
• IPv4 Multicast
• Routing Policy Language (RPL)
• Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
• Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
MPLS VPN
The Cisco ASR 9000 Series router supports MPLS VPN, this offers the following:
• MPLS L3VPN: The IP VPN feature for MPLS allows a Cisco IOS Software or Cisco IOS-XR
Software network to deploy scalable IPv4 Layer 3 VPN backbone services. An IP VPN is the
foundation that companies use for deploying or administering value-added services, including
applications and data hosting network commerce and telephony services to business customers.
• Carrier Supporting Carrier (CSC): CSC allows a MPLS VPN service provider to connect
geographically isolated sites using another backbone service provider and still maintain a private
address space for its customer VPNs. It is implemented as defined by IETF RFC 4364.
QoS
The Cisco ASR 9000 Series router supports many types of quality of service (QoS), this offers the
following:
• QoS: Comprehensive QoS support with up to 3 million queues, Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing
(CBWFQ) based on a three-parameter scheduler, Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED),
two-level strict priority scheduling with priority propagation, and 2-rate, 3-color (2R3C) Policing
are all supported.
• Cisco IOS XR Software: This software supports a rich variety of QoS mechanisms, including
policing, marking, queuing, dropping, and shaping. Additionally, the operating systems support
Modular QoS CLI (MQC). Modular CLI is used to configure various QoS features on various Cisco
platforms.
• H-QoS: Four-level H-QoS support is provided for EVCs with the following hierarchy levels: port,
group of EFPs, EFP, and class of service. This level of support allows for per-service and per-end
user QoS granularity.
MPLS TE
The Cisco ASR 9000 Series router supports MPLE TE, this offers the following:
• MPLS TE: Cisco IOS XR Software supports MPLS protocols such as Traffic Engineering/Fast
Reroute (TE-FRR), Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), and
Targeted Label Distribution Protocol (T-LDP).
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System Configurations
• MPLS TE Preferred Path: Preferred tunnel path functions let you map pseudowires to specific TE
tunnels. Attachment circuits are cross-connected to specific MPLS TE tunnel interfaces instead of
remote provider-edge router IP addresses (reachable using Interior Gateway Protocol [IGP] or Label
Distribution Protocol [LDP]).
High Availability
The Cisco ASR 9000 Series router is intended for use in networks that require high-availability. It is
designed to provide high MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures) and low MTTR (Mean Time To Resolve)
rates. This minimizes outages or and maximizes availability. The Cisco ASR 9000 Series router achieves
this using the following:
• Component redundancy
– Duplex power supplies
– Cooling systems
• Fault detection
• Management features
• High availability features
– Non-stop forwarding (NSF)—Cisco IOS XR Software supports forwarding without traffic loss
during a brief outage of the control plane through signaling and routing protocol
implementations for graceful restart extensions as standardized by the IETF, NSF requires
neighboring nodes to be NSF-aware.
– Process restartability (minimum disruption restart)
– Stateful switchovers
– In-service software upgrades
– MPLS TE FRR
– Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)
– Standard IEEE 802.3ad link aggregation bundles
System Configurations
The router runs Cisco IOS XR Software on the following standalone chassis types, available in AC or
DC versions:
• a 6-slot chassis
• a 10-slot chassis
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System Configurations
FT0 FT1
243377
Slot 0 RSP0
Power shelf M0 M1 M2
Power modules
RSP cards
Line cards 0-3 Line cards 4-7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Line card
Line card
Line card
Line card
Line card
Line card
Line card
Line card
RSP0
RSP1
Slot 0
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 3
Slot 4
Slot 5
Slot 6
Slot 7
Slot 8
Slot 9
FT0
Fan trays
FT1
Power shelves
242689
PS0 M0 M1 M2
PS1 M0 M1 M2
Power modules
Each chassis type supports 40G per slot, and can share route-switch processors (RSPs) and line cards
(LCs), which are interchangeable. In each chassis, two slots are designated for RSPs, while the
remaining slots accommodate line cards that carry the traffic. The RSPs interconnect the line cards and
provide chassis management and control. Any line card can be used as a network-facing trunk card, a
subscriber-facing card, or it can provide any other form on connectivity.
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Management and Security
Manageability
• Command-Line Interface—The CLI is a user interface for monitoring and maintaining the router
and also for configuring basic router features.
• Simple Network Management Protocol—SNMP is an application-layer protocol that facilitates
management information exchange between network devices.
• MIBs—Management Information Bases are databases of objects that can be managed on a device.
MIBs include the following: IP-MIB (RFC4293), CISCO-BULK-FILE-MIB,
CISCO-CONFIG-COPY-MIB, CISCO-CONFIG-MAN-MIB, CISCO-ENHANCED-IMAGE-MIB,
CISCO-ENHANCED-MEMORY-POOL-MIB, CISCO-ENTITY-FRU-CONTROL-MIB,
CISCO-ENTITY-SENSOR-MIB, ENTITY-MIB, CISCO-ENTITY-ASSET-MIB,
ENTITY-STATE-MIB, ENTITY-SENSOR-MIB, CISCO-ENTITY-ALARM-MIB,
CISCO-FLASH-MIB, CISCO-IF-EXTENSION-MIB, CISCO-MEMORY-POOL-MIB,
CISCO-RF-MIB (1:1 RP Card), CISCO-SYSLOG-MIB, EVENT-MIB, IF-MIB as well as
RFC1213-MIB, SNMP-COMMUNITY-MIB, SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB,
SNMP-NOTIFICATION-MIB, SNMP-TARGET-MIB, IPv6-MIB, BRIDGE-MIB,
DOT3-OAM-MIB, CISCO-IETF-PW-MIB, CISCO-CLASS-BASED-QOS-MIB,
ETHERLIKE-MIB, BGP4-MIB Including Cisco extensions, MPLS TE STD MIB, TE-FRR-MIB,
and CISCO-IETF-IPMROUTE-MIB, IEEE-8021-CFM-MIB, DOT3-OAM-MIB
• Trivial File Transfer Protocol—TFTP allows files to be transferred from one computer to another
over a network, usually without the use of client authentication (for example, username and
password).
• Network Time Protocol—NTP synchronizes timekeeping among a set of distributed time servers.
• Cisco IOS XR Software manageability: This feature provides industry-standard management
interfaces, including a modular command-line interface (CLI), Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP), and native XML interfaces.
• Cisco Active Network Abstraction (ANA): Cisco ANA is a flexible, vendor-neutral network
resource-management solution for a multitechnology, multiservice network environment. Operating
between the network and the operations-support-system (OSS) layer, Cisco ANA aggregates virtual
network elements (VNEs) into a software-based virtual network, much as real network elements
create the real-world network. Cisco ANA dynamically discovers network components and tracks
the status of network elements in near real time. Cisco ANA offers service providers:
– Simplified integration of OSS applications with network information
– A flexible common infrastructure for managing network resources
– Consistent procedures and interfaces for all network elements
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Initial Router Configuration
Security
• Cisco IOS XR Software: This software provides comprehensive network security features, including
ACLs; control-plane protection; routing authentications; authentication, authorization, and
accounting (AAA); TACACS+; IP Security (IPSec); Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol; SNMPv3; and
leading Routing Policy Language (RPL) support.
• Layer 2 ACLs: You can use this security feature to filter packets under an EVC based on MAC
addresses.
• Layer 3 ACLs: This feature matches ACLs by IPv4 protocol packet attributes.
• Security: Many critical security features are supported:
– Standard IEEE 802.1ad Layer 2 Control Protocol (L2CP) and bridge-protocol-data-unit
(BPDU) filtering
– MAC limiting per EFP or bridge domain
– Unicast, multicast, and broadcast storm control blocking on any interface or port
– Unknown Unicast Flood Blocking (UUFB)
– Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Snooping
– Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (URPF)
– Control-plane security
• Secure Shell (SSH)
• Authorization, Admission, Accounting (AAA)
• Control Plane Policing (CoPP)
Management Interfaces
Although there is no need to set up general router configuration information, you do need to configure
management interfaces manually. Configure management ports on RSP0, RSP1, or both at the same
time:
• Telnet
• Secure Shell (SSH)
• Console Server
The router provides different router management interfaces, described in the following sections:
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Initial Router Configuration
Command-Line Interface
The CLI is a user interface for monitoring and maintaining the router and also for configuring basic
router features. Through the CLI you execute the Cisco IOS XR commands.
All procedures in this guide use CLI. Before you can use other router management interfaces, first use
the CLI to install and configure those interfaces. Guidelines for using CLI to configure the router are
discussed in the following chapters:
• Chapter 3, “Configuring General Router Features”
• Chapter 4, “Configuring Additional Router Features”
• Chapter 5, “CLI Tips, Techniques, and Shortcuts”
For more CLI procedures, like hardware interface and software protocol management tasks, see the
Cisco IOS XR Software documents listed in “Conventions” section on page xii.
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Initial Router Configuration
Note confreg 0x0 reverts to the default speed setting. If you change it from the default of 9600, you must reset
it afterwards.
To connect to the router through the Console port, perform the following procedure.
SUMMARY STEPS
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Initial Router Configuration
DETAILED STEPS
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Where to Go Next
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# admin
Step 7 show dsc Displays the RSP information for the router so that you can
verify that you have connected successfully to the console
Example: port.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:RO-A(admin)#sh dsc
NODE ROLE
========================
0/RSP0/CPU0 DSC
0/RSP1/CPU0 Backup DSC
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:RO-A(admin)#
Where to Go Next
Once you have logged into the router, you are ready to perform general router configuration as described
in “CLI Prompt” section on page 3-6.
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Where to Go Next
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CH A P T E R 2
Bringing Up Cisco IOS XR Software on the Router
This chapter provides instructions for bringing up Cisco IOS XR Software on the router for the first
time.
Contents
• Prerequisites, page 2-1
• Bringing Up and Configuring the Router, page 2-2
• Verifying the System After Initial Boot, page 2-4
• Where to Go Next, page 2-8
Prerequisites
The following sections describe the software and hardware requirements for bringing up the router
running Cisco IOS XR Software Release 3.7.
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Chapter 2 Bringing Up Cisco IOS XR Software on the Router
Bringing Up and Configuring the Router
Software Requirements
The system requires compatible ROM Monitor firmware on all RPs.
Caution The ROM Monitor firmware on all RPs must be compatible with the Cisco IOS XR Software release
installed on the router. If the router is brought up with an incompatible version of the ROM Monitor
software, the standby RP may fail to boot. For instructions to overcome a boot block in the standby RSP,
see the Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Series Router ROM Monitor Guide.
SUMMARY STEPS
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Chapter 2 Bringing Up Cisco IOS XR Software on the Router
Bringing Up and Configuring the Router
DETAILED STEPS
Examples
The following example shows the root-system username and password configuration for a new router,
and it shows the initial log in:
--- Administrative User Dialog ---
Username: cisco
Password:
RP/0/0/CPU0:ios#
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Verifying the System After Initial Boot
The secret line in the configuration command script shows that the password is encrypted. When you
type the password during configuration and login, the password is hidden.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. show version
2. admin
3. show platform [node-id]
4. exit
5. show redundancy
6. show environment
DETAILED STEPS
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# exit
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Verifying the System After Initial Boot
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show environment
To view basic information about the router configuration, type the show version command in EXEC
mode, as shown in the following example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show version
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Verifying the System After Initial Boot
The show platform command displays information on router resources. In EXEC mode, the show
platform command displays the resources assigned to the RP you are managing. In administration
EXEC mode, the show platform command displays all router resources.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show platform
Node Type State Config State
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
0/RSP0/CPU0 A9K-RSP-4G-HDD(Active) IOS XR RUN PWR,NSHUT,MON
0/1/CPU0 A9K-40GE-B IOS XR RUN PWR,NSHUT,MON
0/4/CPU0 A9K-8T/4-B IOS XR RUN PWR,NSHUT,MON
0/6/CPU0 A9K-4T-B IOS XR RUN PWR,NSHUT,MON
The following administration EXEC mode example shows all router nodes:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# admin
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin)# show platform
Node Type State Config State
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
0/RSP0/CPU0 A9K-RSP-4G-HDD(Active) IOS XR RUN PWR,NSHUT,MON
0/FT0/SP FAN TRAY READY
0/FT1/SP FAN TRAY READY
0/1/CPU0 A9K-40GE-B IOS XR RUN PWR,NSHUT,MON
0/4/CPU0 A9K-8T/4-B IOS XR RUN PWR,NSHUT,MON
0/6/CPU0 A9K-4T-B IOS XR RUN PWR,NSHUT,MON
0/PM0/SP A9K-3KW-AC READY PWR,NSHUT,MON
0/PM1/SP A9K-3KW-AC READY PWR,NSHUT,MON
0/PM2/SP A9K-3KW-AC READY PWR,NSHUT,MON
The following example shows information for a single node in the router:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show platform 0/1/CPU0
Node Type State Config State
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
0/1/CPU0 A9K-40GE-B IOS XR RUN PWR,NSHUT,MON
For more information on node IDs, see Cisco IOS XR System Management Configuration Guide.
For more information on the show platform command, see Cisco IOS XR Interface and Hardware
Component Command Reference.
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Verifying the System After Initial Boot
To view information about the active and standby (inactive) RPs, type the show redundancy command
as follows:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show redundancy
To view environmental monitor parameters for the system, use the show environment command in
EXEC or administration EXEC mode.
Use the following command syntax:
show environment [options]
Type the show environment ? command to view the command options.
The following example shows a router’s temperature information:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show environment temperatures
R/S/I Modules Inlet Hotspot
Temperature Temperature
(deg C) (deg C)
0/1/*
host 28.1 35.7
0/RSP0/*
host 24.0 33.5
0/4/*
host 26.7 35.0
0/6/*
host 30.0 39.1
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Where to Go Next
0/RSP0/*
host Critical-Alarm 0
host Major-Alarm 0
host Minor-Alarm 0
host ACO 0
Where to Go Next
For information on configuring basic router features, see “Configuring General Router Features” section
on page 3-1.
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CH A P T E R 3
Configuring General Router Features
This chapter describes how to communicate with the router using command-line interface (CLI). This
chapter also shows basic Cisco IOS XR Software configuration management.
Contents
• Connecting to and Communicating with the Router, page 3-1
• Logging In to a Router, page 3-5
• Navigating Cisco IOS XR Software Command Modes, page 3-10
• Managing Configuration Sessions, page 3-16
• Configuring the Management Ethernet Interface, page 3-32
• Manually Setting the Router Clock, page 3-36
• Where to Go Next, page 3-38
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Chapter 3 Configuring General Router Features
Connecting to and Communicating with the Router
SUMMARY STEPS
DETAILED STEPS
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Connecting to and Communicating with the Router
SUMMARY STEPS
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Connecting to and Communicating with the Router
DETAILED STEPS
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Logging In to a Router
Logging In to a Router
The login process can require users to enter a password or a username and password before accessing
the router CLI. The user groups to which your username is assigned determine which commands you can
use.
Once you log in to the router, you can manage the entire router.
When you log in, the username and password may be validated by any of the following services:
• Usernames configured on the router (username command in global configuration mode)
• Root-system usernames that are configured
• Passwords configured for the router console and auxiliary ports (password or secret command in
line configuration mode)
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Logging In to a Router
Username: cisco
Password: password
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router#
Note Passwords are case sensitive. If you want to log in to the router using a root-system username, type the
username in the following format: username@admin. To support admin login, local database
authentication must be enabled with the aaa authentication login remote local command. For more
information, see the Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router System Security Configuration
Guide.
After you log in, the router displays the CLI prompt, which is described in the “CLI Prompt” section on
page 3-6. The command set that you can use is determined by the privileges assigned to your username.
For information on how privileges are assigned to usernames, see the Cisco ASR 9000 Series
Aggregation Services Router System Security Configuration Guide.
CLI Prompt
After you log in, you see the CLI prompt for Cisco IOS XR Software. This prompt identifies the router
to which you are issuing commands. The CLI prompt represents the path, through the router, to the CPU
that executes the commands you enter. The syntax for the CLI prompt is: type/rack/slot/module:
router-name#. The CLI prompt is described in Table 3-1.
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Logging In to a Router
For example, the following prompt indicates that the CLI commands are executed on the RP in rack 0,
slot RSP0, by the “CPU0” module on a router named “router:”
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router#
Note Only root-system users (root-lr users) or users associated with the WRITE:AAA task ID can configure
task groups.
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Logging In to a Router
For information on configuring user groups, see Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router
System Security Configuration Guide..
Command Description
show user Displays your user name
show user tasks Displays the task IDs assigned to your account
show user group Displays the user groups assigned to your account
show user all Displays all user groups and task ID information for your account
show aaa usergroup group-name Displays the task IDs assigned to a user group
Examples
The following examples illustrate how to view user privileges:
• show user Command: Example, page 3-9
• show user tasks Command: Example, page 3-9
• show user group Command: Example, page 3-9
• show user all Command: Example, page 3-9
• show aaa usergroup Command: Example, page 3-10
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Logging In to a Router
cisco
To view the tasks assigned to your account and your rights to those tasks, type the show user tasks
command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show user tasks
Task: aaa : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: acl : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: admin : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: ancp : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: atm : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: basic-services : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: bcdl : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: bfd : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: bgp : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: boot : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: bundle : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: cdp : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: cef : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: cisco-support : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG (reserved)
Task: config-mgmt : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: config-services : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: crypto : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: diag : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: drivers : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: dwdm : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: eem : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: eigrp : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
Task: ethernet-services : READ WRITE EXECUTE DEBUG
To view the user groups assigned to your user account, type the show user group command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show user group
root-system, cisco-support
To view all user groups and task ID information for your account, type the show user all command:
P/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show user all
Username: cisco
Groups: root-system, cisco-support
Authenticated using method local
User cisco has the following Task ID(s):
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Navigating Cisco IOS XR Software Command Modes
To view the rights assigned to a user group, type the show aaa usergroup group-name command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show aaa usergroup root-system
User group 'root-system'
Inherits from task group 'root-system'
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Navigating Cisco IOS XR Software Command Modes
Figure 3-1 shows the basic command mode navigation for the CLI. Only a sample of possible submodes
is shown.
Login
EXEC mode
Configuration submode
examples
Logical router configuration submode
Interface
configuration submode
Router
configuration submode
Line template
configuration submode
Task group
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configuration submode
When the router enters interface configuration submode, the prompt changes to include “(config-if)”
after the router name:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# interface tunnel-te 2
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)#
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EXEC mode enables a basic set of commands to display the operational state of an RP and the
Cisco IOS XR Software. Most CLI commands in EXEC mode do not change the RP operation. The
most common EXEC commands are show commands (to display RP configuration or operational
data) and clear commands (to clear or reset RP counters).
In EXEC mode, you can view the configuration of an RP but not the configuration of the system. The
difference is that RSPs are defined in administration configuration mode, which is a submode of
administration EXEC mode. RPs are configured in global configuration mode.
Additional commands are available depending on the access privileges (user groups) assigned to
your username. Minimal privileges also include a small set of EXEC commands for connecting to
remote devices, changing terminal line settings on a temporary basis, and performing basic tests.
Administration EXEC Administration EXEC mode is used to manage system resources. In administration EXEC mode, you
can view the configuration of the system but not the configuration of an RP. The difference is that
RPs are defined in administration configuration mode, which is a submode of administration EXEC
mode. RPs are configured in global configuration mode.
Administration EXEC mode is used primarily to view system-wide parameters, configure the
administration plane over the control Ethernet, and configure the RP. These operations are available
only to users with the required root level access.
From EXEC mode, use the admin command to enter administration EXEC mode:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# admin
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin)#
administration Administration configuration mode allows you to assign system resources to RSPs.
configuration mode
From administration EXEC mode, use the configure command to enter administration configuration
submode:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin)# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin-config)#
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Note The system prompt changes to “router(config)” to indicate that the router is now in global
configuration mode.
Configuration From the global configuration mode you can enter more specific command modes. These are
submodes available based on your access privileges and include protocol-specific, platform-specific, and
feature-specific configuration modes.
In the following example, MPLS LDP configuration mode is entered from global configuration
mode. The prompt for MPLS LDP configuration submode appears as config-ldp. The following
command syntax is used for entering configuration MPLS LDP submode:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# mpls ldp
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-ldp)#
Note The availability of any particular mode depends on the router features and the access rights
of the individual user. For example, a configuration mode for configuring access servers is
not available on most routers.
Interface configuration The interface configuration submode is used to select and configure a hardware interface. To enter
interface configuration mode from global configuration mode, use an interface command. An
interface configuration command always follows an interface global configuration command, which
defines the interface type.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# interface tunnel-te 2
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)#
Router configuration The router configuration submode is used to select and configure a routing protocol, like OSPF, or
IS-IS. The following command syntax is used for entering router configuration submode: router
protocol [protocol_options]
Replace protocol with the keyword for the protocol you want to configure. Replace protocol_options
with any keywords and arguments required for that protocol.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# router ospf 100
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-ospf)#
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Navigating Cisco IOS XR Software Command Modes
During normal operation, users do not interact with ROMMON. This mode is accessed only by
manually interrupting the boot process and placing the system in ROMMON. Once in ROMMON,
you can perform ROM Monitor tasks, including reinstallation of the Cisco IOS XR Software,
password recovery, and other diagnostic tasks.
The ROM Monitor CLI mode is accessible only from a terminal connected directly to the Console
port of the primary RSP, a terminal-modem connection to the AUX port, or through a terminal server.
See Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router ROM Monitor Guide for information and
instructions on using ROM Monitor mode.
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Navigating Cisco IOS XR Software Command Modes
Step 1 Start a session by logging in to the router and entering EXEC mode, as shown in the following example:
router is now available
Username: asr9k
Password:<secret>
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router#
From EXEC mode you can issue EXEC commands or enter global configuration mode. Examples of
EXEC commands are the show commands used to display system status and clear commands to clear
counters or interfaces.
Step 2 Add a question mark at the end of the prompt, or after a command, to display the available options:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show ?
aaa Show AAA configuration and operational data
access-lists Access lists
access-lists access lists
adjacency Adjacency information
af-ea AF-EA Platform details
aliases Display alias commands
ancp Access Node Control Protocol show commands
app-obj APP-OBJ Show Commands
arm IP ARM information
arp ARP show commands
arp-gmp ARP show commands
asic-errors ASIC error information
atc Attractor Cache related
attractor Show commands for attractor process
attribute IM Attributes operations information
auto-rp Auto-RP Commands
bcdl Show Bulk Content DownLoader information
bcm8705 Show trace data for the bcm8705 component
bfd BFD information
bgp BGP show commands
bridgemib show bridge-mib component
bundle Show information for bundles interfaces.
calendar Display the system calendar
cdp CDP information
--More--
Note The commands available to you depend on the router mode and your user group assignments.
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Step 3 If you belong to a user group that has configuration privileges, you can place the router in the global
configuration mode by entering the configure command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)#
Step 4 From global configuration mode, you can place the router in a configuration submode, such as interface
configuration mode or a protocol-specific configuration mode.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# mpls ldp
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-ldp)#
In the following example, the router enters interface configuration mode and the user selects an MPLS
Traffic Engineering Tunnel interface for configuration.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# interface tunnel-te 2
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)#
The command mode prompt changes from (config) to (config-if) and you can now enter
configuration commands for the specified interface.
Step 5 To exit interface configuration mode and return to global configuration mode, type the exit command.
To return to EXEC mode, type the end command.
Global
EXEC mode configuration
mode
Stage 1: Stage 2:
Enter configuration "Commit" changes
changes or load a to the running
saved configuration. configuration.
Administration
Administration
configuration
mode
mode
Save configuration
changes to a file.
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Global configuration mode configures RSP-level features, such as routing protocols and interfaces.
Administration configuration mode assigns hardware components to RSPs.
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SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. Enter configuration changes.
3. end
or
commit
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DETAILED STEPS
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
Step 2 Enter configuration changes. Invokes the change you enter.
Step 3 end Saves configuration changes.
or
• When you issue the end command, the system prompts
commit you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before
Example: exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(your-config-mode)# end [cancel]:
or
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(your-config-mode)# commit running configuration file, exits the configuration
session, and returns the router to EXEC mode.
– Entering no exits the configuration session and
returns the router to EXEC mode without
committing the configuration changes.
– Entering cancel leaves the router in the current
configuration session without exiting or
committing the configuration changes.
• Use the commit command to save the configuration
changes to the running configuration file and remain
within the configuration session.
To make configuration changes and remain in CONFIG mode, perform the following procedure.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. Enter configuration changes.
3. commit
4. end
DETAILED STEPS
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
Step 2 Enter configuration changes. Invokes the change you enter.
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Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(your-config-mode)# commit
Step 4 end Saves configuration changes.
• When you issue the end command, the system prompts
Example: you to commit changes:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(your-config-mode)# end
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before
exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
To view active RSP configuration sessions, connect to the RSP and type the show configuration
sessions command in EXEC mode:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show configuration sessions
Current Configuration Session Line User Date Lock
00000041-006d60d3-00000000 vty0 merenenre Wed Dec 3 00:33:32 2008
If an asterisk (*) appears in the Lock column, the user is using an exclusive configuration session and
you cannot start a configuration session until the session closes. For more information, see the “Starting
an Exclusive Configuration Session” section on page 3-21.
Note Configuration sessions for administration configuration and each RSP are managed independently. For
example, if a user locks the administration configuration, you can still configure an RSP if other users
have not locked a configuration session for that RSP.
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Managing Configuration Sessions
Note The target configuration is not a copy of the running configuration. It has only the configuration
commands entered during the target configuration session.
While in configuration mode, you can enter all Cisco IOS XR Software commands supported in that
configuration mode. Each command is added to the target configuration. You can view the target
configuration by entering the show configuration command in configuration mode. The target
configuration is not applied until you type the commit command, as described in the “Committing
Changes to the Running Configuration” section on page 3-27.
You can save target configurations to disk as nonactive configuration files. These saved files can be
loaded, further modified, and committed at a later time. For more information, see the “Saving the Target
Configuration to a File” section on page 3-26.
Examples
The following examples show how to manage configuration sessions:
• Simple RSP Configuration: Example, page 3-20
• Simple Administration Configuration Session: Example, page 3-20
This example shows a simple owner RSP configuration session in which the target configuration is
created and previewed in global configuration mode:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router # configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# interface tunnel-te 2
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# show configuration
Building configuration...
interface tunnel-te2
description faq
!
end
The following example shows a simple administration configuration session in which the target
configuration is created and previewed in administration configuration mode:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# admin
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin)# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin-config)# sdr test
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin-config-sdr:test)# location 0/1/CPU0
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin-config-sdr:test)# show configuration
Building configuration...
sdr test
location 0/1/CPU0
!
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end
Note If the configuration is already locked by another user, the configure exclusive command fails. To view
locked and unlocked configuration sessions, see the “Viewing Active Configuration Sessions” section
on page 3-19.
To start an exclusive configuration session for the administration configuration, connect to the RSP and
type the configure exclusive command in administration EXEC mode:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# admin
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin)# configure exclusive
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin-config)#
The running configuration is unlocked when the user who started the exclusive configuration session
exits the configuration mode, as described in the “Ending a Configuration Session” section on page 3-31.
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Managing Configuration Sessions
In EXEC and global configuration mode, you can view the RSP configuration for the RSP to which you
are connected. When you are connected to the RSP and operating in administration EXEC and
administration configuration mode, you can view the administration configuration, which includes
hardware assignments for RSPs.
To display the RSP portion of the running configuration, connect to the appropriate RSP and type the
show running-config command in EXEC or global configuration mode, as shown in the following
example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# show running-config
Building configuration...
!! Last configuration change at Tue Dec 2 20:29:51 2008 by cisco
!
hostname router
clock timezone PST 8
clock summer-time DST recurring 2 sunday march 02:00 first sunday november 02:00
logging console informational
telnet vrf default ipv4 server max-servers no-limit
domain lookup disable
explicit-path name GE_Path_to_P19
index 1 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.114.4.44
index 2 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.114.4.11
index 3 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.119.4.11
index 4 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.119.4.19
index 5 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.19.19.19
!
explicit-path name 10GE_Path_to_P19
index 1 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.114.8.44
index 2 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.114.8.11
index 3 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.119.8.11
index 4 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.119.8.19
index 5 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.19.19.19
!
line console
To display the administration portion of the running configuration, connect to the RSP and type the show
running-config command in administration EXEC or administration configuration mode, as shown in
the following example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin)# show running-config
Building configuration...
username cisco
group root-system
group cisco-support
secret 5 $1$2dx.$/AGxtYJYRWhajo4INlAVa0
--More--
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To display the sanitized RSP portion of the running configuration, type the show running-config
sanitized command in EXEC or global configuration mode, as shown in the following example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)#show running-config sanitized
Building configuration...
!! Last configuration change at Tue Dec 2 20:29:51 2008 by <removed>
!
hostname <removed>
clock timezone <removed> 8
clock summer-time <removed> recurring 2 sunday march 02:00 first sunday november 02:00
logging console informational
telnet vrf <removed> ipv4 server max-servers no-limit
domain lookup disable
explicit-path name <removed>
index 1 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.0.0.0
index 2 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.0.0.0
index 3 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.0.0.0
index 4 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.0.0.0
index 5 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.0.0.0
!
explicit-path name <removed>
index 1 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.0.0.0
index 2 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.0.0.0
index 3 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.0.0.0
index 4 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.0.0.0
index 5 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.0.0.0
!
line console
--More--
To display the sanitized administration portion of the running configuration, connect to the RSP and type
the show running-config sanitized command in administration EXEC or administration configuration
mode, as shown in the following example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin)# show running-config sanitized
Building configuration...
sdr <removed>
location 0/1/* primary
!
username <removed>
secret 5 <removed>
group root-system
!
end
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To display the target configuration changes you have entered for an RSP, type the show configuration
command in global configuration mode or in any submode, as shown in the following example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# show configuration
Building configuration...
interface tunnel-te2
description faq
!
end
To display the target administration configuration changes you have entered, type the show
configuration command in administration configuration mode or in any submode, as shown in the
following example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin-config-sdr:test)# show configuration
Building configuration...
sdr test
location 0/1/SP
!
end
Note The merge option does not appear in command help until the target configuration contains at least one
configuration change.
The following example shows how to display the active RSP configuration (show running-config),
configure an interface, and display the “merged” configuration:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# show configuration merge
Building configuration...
!! Last configuration change at Tue Dec 2 20:29:51 2008 by cisco
!
hostname router
clock timezone PST 8
clock summer-time DST recurring 2 sunday march 02:00 first sunday november 02:00
logging console informational
telnet vrf default ipv4 server max-servers no-limit
domain lookup disable
explicit-path name GE_Path_to_P19
index 1 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.114.4.44
index 2 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.114.4.11
index 3 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.119.4.11
index 4 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.119.4.19
index 5 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.19.19.19
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!
explicit-path name 10GE_Path_to_P19
index 1 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.114.8.44
index 2 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.114.8.11
index 3 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.119.8.11
index 4 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.119.8.19
index 5 next-address strict ipv4 unicast 10.19.19.19
!
line console
Note You can view configuration errors only during the current configuration session. If you exit
configuration mode after the commit operation, the configuration error information is lost.
In the following example, an error is introduced in global configuration mode and the error information
appears after the commit operation fails:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# taskgroup alr
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-tg)# description this is a test of an invalid taskgroup
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-tg)# commit
% Failed to commit one or more configuration items. Please use 'show configuration failed'
to view the errors
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-tg)# show configuration failed
!! CONFIGURATION FAILED DUE TO SEMANTIC ERRORS
taskgroup alr
!!% Usergroup/Taskgroup names cannot be taskid names
Note You can view configuration errors only during the current configuration session. If you exit
configuration mode after the commit operation, the configuration error information is lost.
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Note You can also save a configuration to a file using the show configuration | file filename command.
Loading.
77 bytes parsed in 1 sec (76)bytes/sec
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Building configuration...
interface Gi0/3/0/1
description this is my interface
ipv4 address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
shutdown
end
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# clear
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# show configuration
Building configuration...
end
Note If you try to end a configuration session without saving your changes to the running configuration with
the commit command, you are prompted to save the changes. See the “Ending a Configuration Session”
section on page 3-31 for more information.
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To commit target configuration changes to the running configuration, type the commit command by
itself or with one or more of the options described in Table 3-5.
Command Description
commit (Default) Merges the target configuration with the running configuration
and commits changes only if all changes in the target configuration pass
the semantic verification process. If any semantic errors are found, none
of the configuration changes takes effect.
commit best-effort Merges the target configuration with the running configuration and
commits only valid changes (best effort). Some configuration changes
might fail due to semantic errors.
commit comment line (Optional) Assigns a comment to a commit.
• This text comment appears in the commit entry displayed with the
show configuration commit list [detail] command.
• The line argument is the text for the optional comment or label.
• The comment option must appear at the end of the command line. If
multiple options are entered, all text after the comment option is
treated as a comment.
commit confirmed (Optional) Commits the configuration in global configuration mode on a
seconds trial basis for a minimum of 30 seconds and a maximum of 300 seconds
(5 minutes).
• During the trial configuration, enter commit to confirm the
configuration. If you do not type the commit command, the router
reverts to the previous configuration when the trial time period
expires.
• The confirmed option is not available in administration
configuration mode.
commit label line (Optional) Assigns a meaningful label. This label appears in the output
for the show configuration commit list [detail] command instead of the
numeric label.
• The line argument is the text for the optional comment or label.
commit force (Optional) Merges the target configuration with the running
configuration and allows a configuration commit in low-memory
conditions.
A low-memory warning occurs when a user attempts to commit a target
configuration that exceeds the default capacity of the router.
The recommended resolution to such a warning is to remove
configurations using the no commands.
Caution The force option can cause the router to experience severe
problems if low-memory conditions occur. The force option
should be used only to remove configurations.
commit replace (Optional) Replaces the contents of the running configuration with the
target configuration.
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Chapter 3 Configuring General Router Features
Managing Configuration Sessions
Examples
The following examples illustrate how to commit a configuration:
• Committing a Configuration from Global Configuration Mode: Example, page 3-29
• Committing a Configuration from Administration Configuration Mode: Example, page 3-29
In the following example, the default commit command is entered in global configuration mode:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# interface Gi 0/0/0/2
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# description faq
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# ipv4 address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# commit
Note The preceding message is stored in the log and displays only if logging is configured to display on
screen.
In the next example, the commit command is entered with the label and comment options in
administration configuration mode:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# admin
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin)# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin-config)# sdr test
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin-config-sdr:test)# location 0/1/* primary
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin-config-sdr:test)# commit label test comment This is a test
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin-config)# show configuration commit list detail
Note Configuration files are stored on the same flash disk as the boot image. Access these configurations only
through the CLI commands for configuration management, history, and rollback. Direct modification or
deletion of these files can result in lost router configurations.
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Chapter 3 Configuring General Router Features
Managing Configuration Sessions
To load a failed configuration, go to global configuration or administration configuration mode and type
the load configuration failed commit command, as shown in the following example:
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# load configuration failed commit
RP/0/0/CPU0:router(config)# show configuration
Building configuration...
taskgroup alr
!
end
In the preceding example, the show configuration command displays the target configuration, which
includes the failed configuration.
Note The failed configuration is discarded if you exit global configuration mode or administration
configuration mode without recovering the configuration. After recovery, correct and commit the
configuration or save it to a file to avoid losing it.
Note If you use the exit command to exit global configuration or administration configuration mode, the
router prompts you to save changes, discard changes, or cancel the action, as described in the next
section.
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Chapter 3 Configuring General Router Features
Managing Configuration Sessions
Note If you type the exit command in a configuration submode, the command returns you to the parent
configuration level.
If you end a configuration session without committing the configuration changes, the router prompts you
to save changes, discard changes, or cancel the action, as shown in the following example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# end
Note In EXEC mode, the exit command logs the user out of the system.
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Chapter 3 Configuring General Router Features
Configuring the Management Ethernet Interface
To configure the hostname, type the hostname command with the RSP name as shown in the following
example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# hostname SDR_SJ
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# commit
Note No blanks or spaces are permitted as part of a name. Do not expect case to be preserved. Uppercase and
lowercase characters look the same to many Internet software applications. It may seem appropriate to
capitalize a name the same way you might if you were writing, but conventions dictate that computer
names appear all lowercase. For more information, see RFC 1178, Choosing a Name for Your Computer.
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Chapter 3 Configuring General Router Features
Configuring the Management Ethernet Interface
Table 3-7 provides examples of Management Ethernet interface names for a single-shelf system. The
Management Ethernet interfaces are listed with the prefix Mg in the Intf Name column.
Tip For information on additional configuration options for the Management Ethernet interface, see Cisco
ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router Interface and Hardware Component Configuration Guide.
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Chapter 3 Configuring General Router Features
Configuring the Management Ethernet Interface
Prerequisites
To configure the Ethernet Management port for network communications, you must type the interface
network addresses and subnet mask. Consult your network administrator or system planner for this
information.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. interface MgmtEthrack/slot/CPU0/port
3. ipv4 address ipv4-address subnet-mask
4. no shutdown
5. exit
6. router static address-family ipv4 unicast 0.0.0.0/0 default-gateway
7. commit
8. end
9. show interfaces MgmtEthrack/slot/CPU0/port
DETAILED STEPS
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
Step 2 interface MgmtEthrack/slot/CPU0/port Enters interface configuration mode and specifies the
Management Ethernet interface of the primary RSP.
Example: See Table 3-6 for command parameters.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:RO-C(config)# interface mgmtEth
0/RSP0/CPU0/0
Step 3 ipv4 address ipv4-address subnet-mask Assigns an IP address and subnet mask to the interface.
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:RO-C(config-if)# ipv4 address
1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
Step 4 no shutdown Enables the interface to carry traffic.
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# no shutdown
Step 5 exit Exits the Management Ethernet interface configuration
mode.
Example
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:RO-C(config)# sh config
Building configuration...
interface MgmtEth0/RSP0/CPU0/0
ipv4 address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
end
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Chapter 3 Configuring General Router Features
Configuring the Management Ethernet Interface
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-static)#
address-family ipv4 unicast
Step 7 commit Commits the target configuration to the running
configuration.
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:RO-C(config)# commit
Step 8 end Saves configuration changes.
• When you issue the end command, the system
Example: prompts you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before
exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
[cancel]:
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Chapter 3 Configuring General Router Features
Manually Setting the Router Clock
Examples
In the following example, the Management Ethernet interface on the RSP in slot RSP1 is configured with
an IP address:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# interface MgmtEth0/RSP1/CPU0/0
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# ipv4 address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# no shutdown
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# commit
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# end
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router#
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show interfaces mgmtEth 0/RSP0/CPU0/0
Related Documents
Related Topic Document Title
Additional information about configuring management Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router
interfaces Interface and Hardware Component Configuration Guide
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Chapter 3 Configuring General Router Features
Manually Setting the Router Clock
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. clock timezone zone hours-offset
3. commit
4. end
5. clock set hh:mm:ss dd mm yyyy
6. clock update-calendar
7. show clock
DETAILED STEPS
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
Step 2 clock timezone zone hours-offset Sets the time zone for the router clock.
• The clock timezone command should be entered
Example: before the clock is set because it defines the difference
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# clock timezone between the system time and UTC.
pst -8
Note The system time is the time that appears when you
type the show clock command.
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# end
Step 5 clock set hh:mm:ss dd mm yyyy Sets the system software clock.
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# clock set 14:12:00 10
dec 2008
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Chapter 3 Configuring General Router Features
Where to Go Next
Step 6 clock update-calendar Updates the hardware clock (calendar clock) with the new
clock settings.
Example: • The hardware clock is battery operated and runs
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# clock update-calendar continuously, even if the router is powered off or
rebooted.
Step 7 show clock Displays the clock setting.
• Use this command to verify the settings.
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show clock
Examples
In the following example, the manual system clock is configured:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# clock timezone pst -8
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# commit
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# end
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# clock set 14:12:00 10 dec 2008
14:12:00.090 PST Wed Dec 02 2008
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# clock update-calendar
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show clock
14:12:00.090 PST Wed Dec 02 2008
Related Documents
Related Topic Document Title
Descriptions of the clock commands Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router System
Management Command Reference
Commands used to configure NTP Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router System
Management Command Reference
Configuration of NTP Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router System
Management Configuration Guide
Where to Go Next
When you have completed the configuration procedures in this chapter, consider the following resources
for additional configuration documentation:
• For information on configuring additional general router features, see Chapter 4, “Configuring
Additional Router Features”.
• For information on using the Cisco IOS XR Software more efficiently, see Chapter 5, “CLI Tips,
Techniques, and Shortcuts.”
• For information on configuring interfaces, see the hardware documents listed in “Conventions”.
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CH A P T E R 4
Configuring Additional Router Features
This chapter shows you how to enter basic configurations using command-line interface (CLI).
Contents
• Configuring the Domain Name and Domain Name Server, page 4-1
• Configuring Telnet and XML Host Services, page 4-3
• Managing Configuration History and Rollback, page 4-6
• Configuring Logging and Logging Correlation, page 4-12
• Creating and Modifying User Accounts and User Groups, page 4-15
• Configuring Software Entitlement, page 4-19
• Configuration Limiting, page 4-19
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Configuring the Domain Name and Domain Name Server
To configure the DNS and DNS server, complete the following steps:
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. domain name domain-name-of-organization
3. domain name-server ipv4-address
4. commit
or
end
5. show hosts
DETAILED STEPS
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
Step 2 domain name domain-name-of-organization Defines a default domain name used to complete
unqualified hostnames.
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# domain name
cisco.com
Step 3 domain name-server ipv4-address Specifies the address of a name server to use for name and
address resolution (hosts that supply name information).
Example: Note You can enter up to six addresses, but only one for
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# domain each command.
name-server 192.168.1.111
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Configuring Telnet and XML Host Services
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# show hosts
Examples
In the following example, the domain name and DNS are configured:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# domain name cisco.com
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# domain name-server 10.1.1.1
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# commit
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# end
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show hosts
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Configuring Telnet and XML Host Services
Prerequisites
Ensure the following prerequisites are met before configuring Telnet and XML host services:
• For the XML host services, the Manageability package must be installed and activated on the router.
• To enable the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) of the XML services, the Security package must be
installed and activated on the router.
See Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Series Router System Management Configuration Guide for
information on installing and activating packages.
Note This process enables the Telnet and XML host services on the Management Ethernet interfaces. For more
information on how to enable these services on other inband interfaces, refer to the Cisco ASR 9000
Series Aggregation Services Router System Security Configuration Guide.
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. telnet ipv4 server max-servers limit
3. end or commit
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Configuring Telnet and XML Host Services
DETAILED STEPS
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
Step 2 telnet ipv4 server max-servers limit Enables Telnet services on the router and specifies the
maximum number of allowable Telnet servers.
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# telnet ipv4
server max-servers 5
Step 3 end Saves configuration changes.
or
commit • When you issue the end command, the system prompts
you to commit changes:
Uncommitted changes found, commit them before
Example:
exiting(yes/no/cancel)?
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# end
[cancel]:
or
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# commit
– Entering yes saves configuration changes to the
running configuration file, exits the configuration
session, and returns the router to EXEC mode.
– Entering no exits the configuration session and
returns the router to EXEC mode without
committing the configuration changes.
– Entering cancel leaves the router in the current
configuration session without exiting or
committing the configuration changes.
• Use the commit command to save the configuration
changes to the running configuration file and remain
within the configuration session.
Examples
In the following example, the host services are enabled:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# telnet ipv4 server max-servers 5
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# http server
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# commit
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Managing Configuration History and Rollback
Related Documents
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Managing Configuration History and Rollback
Viewing CommitIDs
To view up to 100 of the most recent commitIDs, type the show configuration commit list command in
EXEC or administration EXEC mode. Up to 100 of the most recent commitIDs are saved by the system.
Each commitID entry shows the user who committed configuration changes, the connection used to
execute the commit, and commitID time stamp.
The commitIDs are shown in the “Label/ID” column. The following example shows the
show configuration commit list command display in EXEC and administration EXEC modes:
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# show configuration commit list
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# admin
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(admin)# show configuration commit list
Building configuration...
username cisco
secret 5 $1$MgUH$xzUEW6jLfyAYLKJE.3p440
group root-system
!
end
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Managing Configuration History and Rollback
1000000217 Commit ID
1000000218 Commit ID
1000000219 Commit ID
Building configuration...
no interface Loopback100
interface Gi0/1/0/0
no ipv4 nd dad attempts
!
!
no route-policy xx
end
To display the prospective rollback configuration changes from the current configuration to a specified
number of previous sessions, go to EXEC or administration EXEC mode and type the show
configuration rollback changes last commit-range command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show configuration rollback changes last 2
Building configuration...
interface Loopback3
no description
no ipv4 address 10.0.1.1 255.0.0.0
exit
interface Loopback4
no description
no ipv4 address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
end
In the preceding example, the command display shows the proposed rollback configuration changes for
the last two commit IDs.
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Managing Configuration History and Rollback
Tip To preview the commands that undo the configuration during a rollback, use the show configuration
rollback changes command.
Tip To preview the commands that undo the configuration during a rollback, use the show configuration
rollback changes command.
To roll back to the last x commits made, go to EXEC or administration EXEC mode and type the
rollback configuration last x command; x is a number ranging from 1 to the number of saved commits
in the commit database.
In the following example, a request is made to roll back the configuration changes made during the
previous two commits:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# rollback configuration last 2
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Managing Configuration History and Rollback
Note Unlike the rollback process, loading the commitID configuration changes loads only the changes made
during that commit operation. The load process does not load all changes made between the commitID
and the current committed configuration.
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# config
Building configuration...
interface Loopback100
!
interface Gi0/1/0/0
ipv4 nd dad attempts 50
!
end
Tip To display the rollback changes, type the show configuration rollback changes command.
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Managing Configuration History and Rollback
To load rollback configuration changes from the current configuration to a specific session, go to global
configuration or administration configuration mode and type the load rollback changes to commitId
command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# load rollback changes to 1000000068
Building configuration...
Loading.
233 bytes parsed in 1 sec (231)bytes/sec
To load rollback configuration changes from the current configuration to a specified number of previous
sessions, go to global configuration or administration configuration mode and type the load rollback
changes last commit-range command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# load rollback changes last 6
Building configuration...
Loading.
221 bytes parsed in 1 sec (220)bytes/sec
In the preceding example, the command loads the rollback configuration changes for the last six
commitIDs.
To load the rollback configuration for a specific commitID, go to global configuration or administration
configuration mode and type the load rollback changes commitId command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# load rollback changes 1000000060
Building configuration...
Loading.
199 bytes parsed in 1 sec (198)bytes/sec
Deleting CommitIDs
You can delete the oldest configuration commitIDs by entering the clear configuration commit
command in EXEC or administration EXEC mode. The clear configuration commit command must be
followed by either the amount of disk space you want to reclaim or number of commitIDs you want to
delete. To reclaim disk space from the oldest commitIDs, type the clear configuration commit
command followed by the keyword diskspace and number of kilobytes to reclaim:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# clear configuration commit diskspace 50
To delete a specific number of the oldest commitIDs, type the clear configuration commit command
followed by the keyword oldest and number of commitIDs to delete:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# clear configuration commit oldest 5
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Configuring Logging and Logging Correlation
You can log messages based on the severity level of the messages, as shown in Table 4-2.
Table 4-2 Logging Severity Levels for System Error Messages
Level Description
Level 0—Emergencies System has become unusable.
Level 1—Alerts Immediate action needed to restore system stability.
Level 2—Critical Critical conditions that may require attention.
Level 3—Errors Error conditions that may help track problems.
Level 4—Warnings Warning conditions that are not severe.
Level 5—Notifications Normal but significant conditions that bear notification.
Level 6—Informational Informational messages that do not require action.
Level 7—Debugging Debugging messages are for system troubleshooting only.
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Configuring Logging and Logging Correlation
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. logging {ip-address | hostname}
3. logging trap severity
4. logging console [severity]
5. logging buffered [severity | buffer-size]
6. commit
7. end
8. show logging
DETAILED STEPS
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
Step 2 logging {ip-address | hostname} Specifies a syslog server host to use for system logging.
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# logging 10.1.1.1
Step 3 logging trap severity Limits the logging of messages sent to syslog servers to
only those messages at the specified level.
Example: • See Table 4-2 for a summary of the logging severity
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# logging trap levels.
debugging
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Configuring Logging and Logging Correlation
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show logging
Examples
In the following example, basic message logging is configured:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# logging 10.1.1.1
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# logging trap debugging
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# logging console emergencies
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# logging buffered 1000000
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# commit
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# end
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show logging
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Creating and Modifying User Accounts and User Groups
Related Documents
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Configuration of system logging Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router System Monitoring
Configuration Guide
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Command Reference
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complex queries Management Configuration Guide
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Retrieve logging events through an XML interface Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router XML API Guide
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Creating and Modifying User Accounts and User Groups
Note The management of user accounts, user groups, and task IDs is part of the authentication, authorization,
and accounting (AAA) feature. AAA is a suite of security features in the Cisco IOS XR software. For
more information on the AAA, see the Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router System
Security Configuration Guide and Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Router System Security
Command Reference. For instructions to activate software packages, see Cisco ASR 9000 Series
Aggregation Services Router System Management Configuration Guide.
Viewing Details About User Accounts, User Groups, and Task IDs
Table 4-3 summarizes the EXEC mode commands used to display details about user accounts, user
groups, and task IDs.
Table 4-3 Commands to Display Details About Users and User Groups
Command Description
show aaa userdb username Displays the task IDs and privileges assigned to a specific
username. To display all users on the system, type the
command without a username.
show aaa usergroup usergroup-name Displays the task IDs and privileges that belong to a user
group. To display all groups on the system, type the command
without a group name.
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Creating and Modifying User Accounts and User Groups
User login
EXEC mode
usergroup usergroup-name
User group configuration submode
taskgroup taskgroup-name
116542
Task group configuration submode
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. username user-name
3. password {0 | 7} password
or
secret {0 | 5} password
4. group group-name
5. Repeat Step 4 for each user group to be associated with the user specified in Step 2.
6. commit
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Creating and Modifying User Accounts and User Groups
DETAILED STEPS
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
Step 2 username user-name Creates a name for a new user (or identifies a current user)
and enters username configuration submode.
Example: • The user-name argument can be only one word. Spaces
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# username user1 and quotation marks are not allowed.
Step 3 password {0 | 7} password Specifies a password for the user named in Step 2.
or
secret {0 | 5} password • Use the secret command to create a secure login
password for the user names specified in Step 2.
• Entering 0 following the password command specifies
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-un)# password 0
that an unencrypted (clear-text) password follows.
pwd1 Entering 7 following the password command specifies
or that an encrypted password follows.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-un)# secret 5 pwd1
• Entering 0 following the secret command specifies that
a secure unencrypted (clear-text) password follows.
Entering 5 following the secret command specifies that
a secure encrypted password follows.
• Type 0 is the default for the password and secret
commands.
Step 4 group group-name Assigns the user named in Step 2 to a user group.
• The user takes on all attributes of the user group, as
Example: defined by the user group association to various task
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-un)# group groups.
sysadmin
• Each user must be assigned to at least one user group.
A user may belong to multiple user groups.
Step 5 Repeat Step 4 for each user group to be associated with —
the user specified in Step 2.
Step 6 commit Saves configuration changes and activates them as part of
the running configuration.
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-un)# commit
Related Documents
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Configuring Software Entitlement
Configuration Limiting
The Cisco IOS XR software places preset limits on the configurations you can apply to the running
configuration of a router. These limits ensure that the router has sufficient system resources (such as
RAM) for normal operations. Under most conditions, these preset limits are sufficient.
In some cases, for which a large number of configurations is required for a particular feature, it may be
necessary to override the preset configuration limits. This override can be done only if configurations
for another feature are low or unused.
Caution Overriding the default configuration limits can result in a low-memory condition.
The following sections describe the limits you can configure, default and maximum values, and
commands for configuring and displaying the configuration limits:
• Static Route Configuration Limits, page 4-20
• IS-IS Configuration Limits, page 4-20
• OSPFv2 and v3 Configuration Limits, page 4-21
• Routing Policy Language Line and Policy Limits, page 4-23
• Multicast Configuration Limits, page 4-25
• MPLS Configuration Limits, page 4-26
• Other Configuration Limits, page 4-26
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Configuration Limiting
Examples
In the following example, the maximum number of static IPv4 routes is changed to 5000 and the new
configuration appears.
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config)# router static
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config-static)# maximum path ipv4 5000
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config-static)# commit
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config-static)# show running-config router static
router static
maximum path ipv4 5000
address-family ipv4 unicast
0.0.0.0/0 172.29.52.1
!
!
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Configuration Limiting
Examples
In the following example, the maximum number of active parallel paths for each route is increased to
10, and the maximum number of prefixes redistributed into IS-IS is increased to 12,000:
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config)# router isis 100 address-family ipv4
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config-isis-af)# maximum-paths 10
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config-isis-af)# maximum-redistributed-prefixes 12000
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config-isis-af)# commit
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:Mar 30 14:11:07 : config[65739]: %LIBTARCFG-6-COMMIT : Configuration
committed by user 'cisco'. Use 'show configuration commit changes 1000000535' to view
the changes.
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config-isis-af)#
Default Absolute
Feature Limit Maximum Maximum Configuration Command Show Current Settings Command
Description Limit Limit (Router Configuration Mode) (EXEC Mode)
Maximum number of 255 1024 maximum interfaces n show ospf
interfaces that can be
configured for an
OSPF instance
Maximum routes 10,000 4294967295 maximum redistributed-prefixes show ospf
redistributed into n
Note The maximum number of
OSPF
redistributed prefixes
appear only if
redistribution is
configured.
Maximum number of 32 32 maximum paths n show running-config router ospf
parallel routes
Note This command shows only
(maximum paths) on
changes to the default
Cisco ASR 9000
value. If the maximum
Series routers
paths command does not
appear, the router is set to
the default value.
Examples
The following examples illustrate OSPF configuration limits:
• Maximum Interfaces for Each OSPF Instance: Example, page 4-22
• Maximum Routes Redistributed into OSPF: Example, page 4-22
• Number of Parallel Links (max-paths): Example, page 4-23
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Configuration Limiting
In the following example, the show ospf command is used to display the maximum number of OSPF
interfaces:
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# show ospf
In the following example, the maximum redistributed-prefixes command is used to set the maximum
routes redistributed into OSPF:
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config)# router ospf 100
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config-router)# maximum redistributed-prefixes 12000
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config-router)# end
Uncommitted changes found, commit them? [yes]: y
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Configuration Limiting
In the following example, the maximum paths command is used to set the maximum number of parallel
routes:
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config)# router ospf 100
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config-router)# maximum paths 10
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config-router)# end
Uncommitted changes found, commit them? [yes]: y
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Configuration Limiting
Examples
In the following example, the show rpl maximum command is used in EXEC mode to display the
current setting for RPL limits and number of each limit currently in use. A summary of the memory used
by all of the defined policies is also shown below the limit settings.
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# show rpl maximum
In the next example, the rpl maximum command changes the currently configured line and policy
limits. The show rpl maximum command displays the new settings.
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config)# rpl maximum policies 4000
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config)# rpl maximum lines 80000
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(config)# commit
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Configuration Limiting
Default Absolute
Maximum Maximum Show Current Settings
Feature Limit Description Limit Limit Configuration Command Command (EXEC Mode)
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) Limits
Maximum number of 50,000 75,000 maximum groups n show igmp summary
groups used by IGMP
(router IGMP configuration mode)
and accepted by a router
Maximum number of 25,000 40,000 maximum groups-per-interface n show igmp summary
groups for each interface
(router IGMP interface configuration
accepted by a router
mode)
Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) Limits
Maximum MSDP Source 20,000 75,000 maximum external-sa n show msdp summary
Active (SA) entries
(router MSDP configuration mode)
Maximum MSDP SA 20,000 75,000 maximum peer-external-sa n show msdp summary
entries that can be (router MSDP configuration mode)
learned from MSDP
peers
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) Limits
Maximum PIM routes 100,000 200,000 maximum routes n show pim summary
supported
(router PIM configuration mode)
Maximum PIM egress 300,000 600,000 maximum route-interfaces n show pim summary
states (router PIM configuration mode)
Maximum PIM registers 20,000 75,000 maximum register-states n show pim summary
(router PIM configuration mode)
Maximum number of 500 5000 maximum group-mappings autorp n show pim summary
PIM group map ranges
(router PIM configuration mode)
learned from Auto-RP
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Chapter 4 Configuring Additional Router Features
Configuration Limiting
Configuration Command
(Global Configuration Show Current Settings
Limit Description Default Absolute Maximum Limit Mode) Command (EXEC Mode)
Maximum traffic engineer 2500 65536 mpls traffic-eng show mpls traffic-eng
(TE) tunnels head maximum tunnels n maximum tunnels
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CH A P T E R 5
CLI Tips, Techniques, and Shortcuts
This chapter describes techniques for using the command-line interface (CLI) of the
Cisco IOS XR software.
Contents
• CLI Tips and Shortcuts, page 5-1
• Viewing System Information with show Commands, page 5-5
• Wildcards, Templates, and Aliases, page 5-12
• Command History, page 5-17
• Key Combinations, page 5-18
Note Commands can be entered in uppercase, lowercase, or mixed case. Only passwords are case sensitive.
However, the Cisco Systems documentation convention presents commands in lowercase.
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Chapter 5 CLI Tips, Techniques, and Shortcuts
CLI Tips and Shortcuts
Tip The space (or no space) before the question mark (?) is significant. If you include a space before the
question mark, the system displays all available options for a command or CLI mode. If you do not
include a space, the system displays a list of commands that begin with a particular character string.
Command Description
partial-command? Type a question mark (?) at the end of a partial command to list the commands that begin with those
characters.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# co?
configure copy
Note Do not include a space between the command and question mark.
? Lists all commands available for a particular command mode.
command ? Include a space before the question mark (?) to list the keywords and arguments that belong to a
command.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure ?
Note For most commands, the <cr> symbol indicates that you can execute the command with the
syntax already entered. For the preceding example, press Enter to enter global configuration
mode.
command keyword ? Type a question mark (?) after the keyword to list the next available syntax option for the command.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show aaa ?
The following example shows how to add an entry to access list 99. The added entry denies access to all
hosts on subnet 172.0.0.0 and ignores bits for IPv4 addresses that start within the range of 0 to 255. The
following steps provide an example of on-screen command help:
Step 1 Type the access-list command, followed by a space and a question mark, to list the available options for
the command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# ipv4 access-list ?
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CLI Tips and Shortcuts
Note The number ranges (within the angle brackets) are inclusive ranges.
Step 2 Type the access list name list1, followed by a space and another question mark, to display the arguments
that apply to the keyword and brief explanations:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# ipv4 access-list list1 ?
Step 3 Type the deny option and a question mark to see more command options:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# ipv4 access-list list1 deny ?
Step 4 Type an IP address, followed by a space and a question mark (?), to list additional options:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# ipv4 access-list list1 deny 172.31.134.0 ?
The <cr> symbol by itself indicates that there are no more keywords or arguments.
Step 5 Press Enter to execute the command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# ipv4 access-list list1 deny 172.31.134.0
Note The configuration does not become active until you type the commit command to add the target
configuration to the running configuration.
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CLI Tips and Shortcuts
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
The CLI displays the full command name, but you must press Enter to execute the command. This
allows you to modify or reject the suggested command.
In the next example, the CLI recognizes two commands that match the text entered:
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# co<Tab>
configure copy
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# con<Tab>
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# configure
Tip If your keyboard does not have a Tab key, press Ctrl-I instead.
Note The percent sign (%) indicates the line in which the error message occurred.
To display the correct command syntax, type the “?” after the command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure ?
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Viewing System Information with show Commands
The Cisco IOS XR software command reference publications provide the complete syntax for the
configuration commands and describe what the no form of a command does. See the “Conventions”
section on page xii for more information.
In the next example, Ctrl-A is used to display the beginning of the command line, and the dollar sign at
the end of the command line shows the command has been scrolled to the right and the end of the
command is hidden.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# ipv4 access-list 101 permit tcp 172.31.134.5 255.255.255.0
17$
In the next example, the right arrow key has been used to scroll to the right. Notice that dollar sign
symbols appear at both ends of the line, which indicates that command information is hidden from the
beginning and end of the command.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# $ccess-list 101 permit tcp 172.31.134.5 255.255.255.0
172.31.$
By default, the Cisco IOS XR software uses a terminal screen 80 columns wide. To adjust for a different
screen width, use the terminal width command in EXEC mode.
Use line wrapping with the command history feature to recall and modify previous complex command
entries.
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Viewing System Information with show Commands
For more information on the use of these commands, see the “Conventions” section on page xii.
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Viewing System Information with show Commands
The following example shows one screen of data and the --More-- prompt:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show ?
Tip If you do not see the --More-- prompt, try entering a value for the screen length with the terminal
length command in EXEC mode. Command output is not paused if the length value is set to zero. The
following example shows how to set the terminal length:
For information on searching or filtering CLI output, see the “Filtering show Command Output” section
on page 5-9.
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Viewing System Information with show Commands
This feature enables you to save any show command output in a file for further analysis and reference.
When you choose to redirect command output, consider the following guidelines:
• If the full path of the file is not specified, the default directory for your account is used. You should
always save your target configuration files to this location.
• If the saved output is to be used as a configuration file, the filename should end with the cfg suffix
for easy identification. This suffix is not required, but can help locate target configuration files.
Example: myconfig.cfg
In the following example, a target configuration file is saved to the default user directory:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# show configure | file disk0:myconfig.cfg
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# abort
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router#
router static
address-family ipv4 unicast
0.0.0.0/0 10.21.0.1
0.0.0.0/0 Gi0/1/0/1 10.21.0.1
!
!
interface Gi0/1/0/1
ipv4 address 10.21.54.31 255.255.0.0
!
Note See the “Using Wildcards to Identify Interfaces in show Commands” section on page 5-12 for more
information.
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Viewing System Information with show Commands
interface Gi0/1/0/0
ipv4 address 10.2.3.4 255.255.255.0
gi
crc 32
!
shutdown
keepalive disable
!
interface Gi0/1/0/1
ipv4 address 10.2.3.5 255.255.255.0
gi
crc 32
!
shutdown
keepalive disable
!
interface Gi0/1/0/2
ipv4 address 10.2.3.6 255.255.255.0
gi
crc 32
!
shutdown
keepalive disable
!
interface Gi0/1/0/3
ipv4 address 10.2.3.7 255.255.255.0
gi
crc 32
!
shutdown
keepalive disable
!
--More--
Command Description
show command | begin regular-expression Begins unfiltered output of the show command with the first line that
contains the regular expression.
show command | exclude regular-expression Displays output lines that do not contain the regular expression.
show command | include regular-expression Displays output lines that contain the regular expression.
show command | file device0:path/file Writes the output lines that contain the regular expression to the specified
file on the specified device.
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Viewing System Information with show Commands
In the following example, the show interface command includes only lines in which the expression
“protocol” appears:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show interface | include protocol
Note Filtering is available for submodes, complete commands, and anywhere that <cr> appears in the “?”
output.
Building configuration...
line console
exec-timeout 120 120
!
logging trap
--More--
/ip
filtering...
ip route 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 Gi0/2/0/0
interface Gi0/2/0/0
ip address 172.19.73.215 255.255.0.0
end
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Chapter 5 CLI Tips, Techniques, and Shortcuts
Viewing System Information with show Commands
Tip On most systems, Ctrl-Z can be entered at any time to interrupt the output and return to EXEC mode.
For more information, see Appendix A, “Understanding Regular Expressions, Special Characters, and
Patterns.”
Multipipe Support
The multipipe feature supports the multiple pipes on the command-line interface. With this feature the
output can be processed by an enhanced utility set. Using various combination of utilities, it is possible
to gather, filter, and format the output of any show command. An arbitrary limit of 8 pipes is supported
on command-line interface with this limit superseded by the limit of characters that can be typed on the
single line (1024) if the individual commands specified with pipes are long enough.
In addition, if you want to give the Pipe character (|) as a pattern, you must give it in double quotes. For
example:
RP/0/RP1/CPU0:single8-hfr# show running-config|include “gi|ospf”|file disk0:/usr/a.log
show
show configuration merge
show configuration running sanitized desanitize rpl
show configuration running sanitized
show configuration running
show configuration
show configuration failed noerrors
show configuration failed
show configuration failed load
show running-config
show running-config sanitized desanitize rpl
show running-config sanitized
show running-config submode
show parser dump
show history detail
show history
pwd
exit
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Chapter 5 CLI Tips, Techniques, and Shortcuts
Wildcards, Templates, and Aliases
Note The wildcard (*) must be the last character in the interface name.
Example
In the following example, the configuration for all Gigabit-Ethernet interfaces in rack 0, slot 1 appears:
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# show running-config interface Gi0/1/*
interface Gi0/1/0/0
ipv4 address 10.2.3.4 255.255.255.0
gi
crc 32
!
keepalive disable
interface Gi0/1/0/1
ipv4 address 10.2.3.5 255.255.255.0
gi
crc 32
!
keepalive disable
interface Gi0/1/0/2
ipv4 address 10.2.3.6 255.255.255.0
gi
crc 32
!
keepalive disable
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Wildcards, Templates, and Aliases
interface Gi0/1/0/3
ipv4 address 10.2.3.7 255.255.255.0
gi
crc 32
!
keepalive disable
--More--
SUMMARY STEPS
1. configure
2. template template-name [($parameter $parameter...)] [config-commands]
3. Type the template commands.
4. end-template
5. commit
6. show running-config template template-name
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Chapter 5 CLI Tips, Techniques, and Shortcuts
Wildcards, Templates, and Aliases
DETAILED STEPS
Example:
Router# configure
Step 2 template template-name [($parameter Enters template configuration mode and creates a template.
$parameter...)] [config-commands]
• template-name: Unique name for the template to be
applied to the running configuration.
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# template tmplt_1
• parameter: (Optional) Actual values of the variables
specified in the template definition. Up to five
parameters can be specified within parentheses. Each
parameter must begin with the $ character. Templates
can be created with or without parameters.
• config-commands: (Optional) Global configuration
commands to be added to the template definition. Any
name in a command (such as the server name, group
name, and so on) can be parameterized. This means that
those parameters can be used in the template commands
(starting with $) and replaced with real arguments when
applied.
• To remove the template, use the no form of this
command.
Step 3 Type the template commands. Defines the template commands.
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-TPL)# hostname
test
Step 4 end-template Ends the template definition session and exits template
configuration mode.
Example: • When you end the template session, you are returned to
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-TPL)# end-template global configuration mode.
Step 5 commit Applies the target configuration commands to the running
configuration.
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-TPL)# commit
Step 6 show running-config template template-name Displays the details of the template.
Example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show running-config
template tmplt_1
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Wildcards, Templates, and Aliases
Examples
In the following example, a simple template is defined. The template contents are then displayed with
the show running-config template template-name command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# template jbtest
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-TPL)# hostname test
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-TPL)# end-template
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# commit
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# show running-config template jbtest
template jbtest
hostname test
end-template
In the next example, a template is defined, and the template requires a parameter. The template contents
are then displayed with the show running-config template template-name command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# template test2 (hostname)
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-TPL)# hostname $hostname
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-TPL)# end-template
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# commit
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# show running-config template test2
Examples
In the following example, a simple template is defined. The template contents are then displayed with
the show running-config template template-name command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# apply-template jbtest
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# show running-config template jbtest
Building configuration...
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Wildcards, Templates, and Aliases
hostname test
end
In the next example, a template with one parameter is applied and the show configuration command
displays the result:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# apply-template test2 (router)
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# show configuration
Building configuration...
hostname router
end
Aliases
Cisco IOS XR software lets you define command line aliases for any physical or logical entity in a
router. After you define the alias, it can be used in the CLI to reference the real entity.
To create a command alias, type the alias command in global configuration or administration
configuration mode:
alias alias-name [(parameter1 parameter2...)] command-syntax [$parameter1] [command-syntax
[$parameter2]}
Table 5-5 defines the alias command syntax.
Multiple commands can be supported under a single command alias, and multiple variables can be
supported for each command. If multiple commands are specified under a single alias, then each
command is executed in the order in which it is listed in the alias command.
In the following example, an alias named my-cookie is created for the Management Ethernet interface,
and then the new alias is specified to enter interface configuration mode:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# alias my-cookie mgmtEth 0/0/CPU0/0
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Command History
After you enter a command with an alias, the router displays the command you entered with the alias
value so that you can verify that alias value.
To delete a specific alias, type the no form of the alias command with the alias name.
Command History
The Cisco IOS XR software lets you display a history of the most recently entered and deleted
commands. You can also redisplay the command line while a console message is being shown. The
following sections describe the command history functionality:
• Viewing Previously Entered Commands, page 5-17
• Recalling Previously Entered Commands, page 5-17
• Recalling Deleted Entries, page 5-18
• Redisplaying the Command Line, page 5-18
Note To roll back to a previously committed configuration, see the “Managing Configuration History and
Rollback” section on page 4-6.
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Key Combinations
To recall commands from the history buffer, use one of the commands or key combinations listed in
Table 5-6.
Note The Esc, Y key sequence does not function unless the Ctrl-Y key combination is pressed first. If the
Esc, Y is pressed more than ten times, the history cycles back to the most recent entry in the buffer.
Key Combinations
The following sections provide information on key combinations:
• Key Combinations to Move the Cursor, page 5-19
• Keystrokes to Control Capitalization, page 5-19
• Keystrokes to Delete CLI Entries, page 5-20
• Transposing Mistyped Characters, page 5-20
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Key Combinations
Note Cisco IOS XR commands are generally case insensitive and typically all in lowercase.
Keystrokes Purpose
Esc, C Makes the letter at the cursor uppercase.
Esc, L Changes the word at the cursor to lowercase.
Esc, U Makes letters from the cursor to the end of the word uppercase.
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Key Combinations
Keystrokes Deletes
Delete or Backspace The character to the left of the cursor.
Ctrl-D The character at the cursor.
Ctrl-K All characters from the cursor to the end of the command line.
Ctrl-U or Ctrl-X All characters from the cursor to the beginning of the command line.
Ctrl-W The word to the left of the cursor.
Esc, D From the cursor to the end of the word.
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CH A P T E R 6
Troubleshooting the Cisco IOS XR Software
This chapter offers tools and procedures that identify the source of hardware and software problems.
This chapter also provides instructions on gathering data for further analysis by Cisco customer support .
Contents
• Additional Sources for Information, page 6-1
• Basic Troubleshooting Commands, page 6-2
• Configuration Error Messages, page 6-6
• Memory Warnings in Configuration Sessions, page 6-7
• Interfaces Not Coming Up, page 6-12
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Basic Troubleshooting Commands
Examples
In the following example, a successful ping attempt is shown:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# ping 10.233.233.233
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The following example shows the output of ping through the fabric:
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(admin)# ping fabric location 0/6/5
Examples
In the following example, the route for an IP address appears:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# traceroute 10.233.233.233
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Caution Debug commands can generate a very large amount of output and can render the system unusable. Use
debug to troubleshoot specific problems or during specific troubleshooting sessions on systems that are
not in production.
In the next example, administration EXEC mode is the entry point to debug mode:
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router# admin
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(admin)# debug
RP/0/RSP1/CPU0:router(admin-debug)# ?
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shelfmgr Shelfmgr debug: all, heartbeat, boot, fsm, init and eah
sysdb Configure SysDB debug settings
upgrade-fpd Debug upgrade fpd
--More--
You can also type the complete command from EXEC mode, as shown in the following example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# debug aaa all
The preceding example is for a Cisco CRS-1 router. On a Cisco XR 12000 Series Router, the slot
number of the tty ID is 0 or 1 instead of RSP0 or RSP1.
Type the show debug conditions command to display the conditional debugging status. For example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show debug conditions
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Configuration Error Messages
You can also turn off debugging from the undebug mode, as shown in the following example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# undebug
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(undebug)# aaa all
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(undebug)# exit
Disabling Debugging for All Services Started at the Active Terminal Session
Use the undebug all or no debug all command to turn off all debugging started by the active terminal
session. For example, if you enter either of these commands while connected to the router through the
console port on the active RP, all debug sessions started from that console port are disabled. In the
following example, debugging for all services is disabled and then verified:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# undebug all
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show debug
Note The show configuration failed command can be entered in either the EXEC mode or any configuration
mode. In any mode, the configuration failures from the most recent commit operation are displayed.
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Memory Warnings in Configuration Sessions
In the following example, a configuration error occurs when an invalid commit operation is attempted:
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config)# taskgroup alr
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-tg)# description this is an example of an invalid task group
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-tg)# commit
% Failed to commit one or more configuration items. Please use 'show configuration failed'
to view the errors
!To display the configuration items that failed, including a description of the error, type the
show configuration failed command:
P/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-tg)# show configuration failed
taskgroup alr
You can also display the failed configuration items without the error description by entering the
show configuration failed noerror command:
!! CONFIGURATION FAILED DUE TO SEMANTIC ERRORS
taskgroup alr
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Memory Warnings in Configuration Sessions
The following sections describe the commands used to display memory usage in a router and what to do
if a low-memory warning appears:
• Understanding Low-Memory Warnings in Configuration Sessions, page 6-8
• Viewing System Memory Information, page 6-9
• Removing Configurations to Resolve Low-Memory Warnings, page 6-10
• Contacting TAC for Additional Assistance, page 6-11
Caution Never ignore a low-memory warning. These warnings indicate a memory state that could affect system
operations if not addressed.
Although users are allowed to enter configuration mode, they should immediately reduce memory usage
using the tools described in the “Removing Configurations to Resolve Low-Memory Warnings” section
on page 6-10.
Failure to take action can result in a worsening situation and eventual impact to router operations.
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Memory Warnings in Configuration Sessions
Caution The commit force command should be used only to apply configurations that reduce memory usage.
Adding configurations that increase memory usage could result in serious loss of router operation.
To display general memory usage for the device as a whole and by process, type the show memory
command. describes the meaning of each heading.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show memory
kernel: jid 1
Address Bytes What
000d2000 12288 Program Stack
00112000 12288 Program Stack
Total Allocated Memory: 0
Total Shared Memory: 0
pkg/bin/wd-mbi: jid 72
Address Bytes What
4817f000 4096 Program Stack (pages not allocated)
48180000 516096 Program Stack (pages not allocated)
481fe000 8192 Program Stack
48200000 8192 Program Text
--More--
Heading Description
Physical Memory Amount of physical memory installed on the device.
Application Memory Memory available for the system to use (total memory minus image size,
reserved, IOMem, and flashfsys).
Image Size of the bootable image.
Reserved Reserved for packet memory.
IOMem IO memory—Currently used as a backup for packet memory.
flashfsys Flash file system memory.
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Memory Warnings in Configuration Sessions
Heading Description
Process and JID Process and job ID.
Address Starting address in memory.
Bytes Size of memory block.
What Block description.
Caution Committing a target configuration that has caused a low-memory warning can make the system unstable.
Clearing a target configuration is a preventive measure to not let the system go into a worse memory state
due to additional configuration. In addition, all other active configuration sessions can be closed to
minimize the churn.
Step 1 Type the show memory summary command in EXEC mode to display the overall system memory:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show memory summary
Step 2 Type the show configuration commit list command in EXEC or administration EXEC mode to list the
configurations you can remove.
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Memory Warnings in Configuration Sessions
Note To display the details of a configuration, type the show configuration commit changes command
followed by a commitID number. To display additional configuration history information, type the show
configuration history ? command, and use the command options to display additional information.
Step 3 Type the show running-config command to display the current configuration.
Step 4 Remove configurations as needed to free memory.
For more information, see the Managing Configuration History and Rollback, page 4-6.
Command Description
show configuration sessions Displays the active configuration sessions.
clear configuration sessions session-id Clears a configuration session.
In the following example, the open configuration sessions are displayed with the show configuration
sessions command. The clear configuration sessions command is then used to clear a configuration
session.
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show configuration sessions
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Interfaces Not Coming Up
Command Description
show interfaces Displays detailed information about all interfaces installed or
configured on the device, whether or not they are operational.
show interfaces type instance Specifies a particular interface, rather than displaying information for
all interfaces, as in the following example:
show interface gi0/1/0/0
show ipv4 interface Displays basic, IP-related information for all available interfaces.
show ipv4 interface brief Quickly displays the most critical information about the interfaces,
including the interface status (up or down) and the protocol status.
Step 1 Type the show platform command in administration EXEC to verify that all nodes are in the “IOS XR
RUN” state:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(admin)# show platform
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Interfaces Not Coming Up
Note Type the commit command to make the new configuration part of the active running
configuration. If you end the configuration session, you are automatically prompted to commit
the changes, as shown in the second example:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# interface gi0/2/0/1
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# ipv4 address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# no shutdown
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# commit
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# end
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router#
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# configure
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config)# interface gi0/2/0/2
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# ipv4 address 10.1.1.2 255.255.0.0
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# no shutdown
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# end
Uncommitted changes found, commit them? [yes]: yes
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router#
Step 4 Type the show ipv4 interface brief command to verify that the interfaces are “Up” in the Status column:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show ipv4 interface brief
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gi0/2/0/1 10.1.1.1 Up Up
gi0/2/0/3 10.1.1.2 Shutdown Down
gi0/2/0/3 unassigned Shutdown Down
TenGigE0/3/0/0 unassigned Shutdown Down
TenGigE0/3/0/2 unassigned Shutdown Down
MgmtEth0/RSP0/CPU0/0 unassigned Shutdown Down
Step 5 If the interface is in the “Shutdown/Down” state, as shown in the previous example, perform the
following tasks:
a. Verify that the status of the interface is “Shutdown”:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show running-config interface gi0/2/0/3
interface gi0/2/0/3
shutdown
keepalive disable
!
Step 6 If the interface state is still displayed as “Down,” verify that the physical cable connections are correctly
installed. The following message indicates that the interface has either a bad connection or no
connection:
LC/0/0/1:Sep 29 15:31:12.921 : plim_4p_oc192[183]: %SONET-4-
ALARM : SONET0_1_1_0: SLOS
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Interfaces Not Coming Up
Step 7 Verify again that the interface is up by entering the show ipv4 interface brief command:
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:router# show ipv4 interface brief
Step 8 Repeat these steps for every interface, until every interface shows both Status and Protocol as “Up.”
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Interfaces Not Coming Up
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A P P E N D I X A
Understanding Regular Expressions, Special
Characters, and Patterns
This appendix describes regular expressions, special or wildcard characters, and patterns used with
filters to search through command output. Filter commands are described in the “Filtering show
Command Output” section on page 5-9.
Contents
• Regular Expressions, page A-1
• Special Characters, page A-2
• Character Pattern Ranges, page A-2
• Multiple-Character Patterns, page A-3
• Complex Regular Expressions Using Multipliers, page A-3
• Pattern Alternation, page A-4
• Anchor Characters, page A-4
• Underscore Wildcard, page A-4
• Parentheses Used for Pattern Recall, page A-4
Regular Expressions
A regular expression is a pattern (a phrase, number, or more complex pattern).
• Regular expressions are case sensitive and allow for complex matching requirements. Simple
regular expressions include entries like Serial, misses, or 138.
• Complex regular expressions include entries like 00210... , ( is ), or [Oo]utput.
A regular expression can be a single-character pattern or multiple-character pattern. It can be a single
character that matches the same single character in the command output or multiple characters that
match the same multiple characters in the command output. The pattern in the command output is called
a string.
The simplest regular expression is a single character that matches the same single character in the
command output. Letter (A–Z and a–z), digits (0–9), and other keyboard characters (such as ! or ~) can
be used as a single-character pattern.
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Appendix A Understanding Regular Expressions, Special Characters, and Patterns
Special Characters
Special Characters
Certain keyboard characters have special meaning when used in regular expressions. Table A-1 lists the
keyboard characters that have special meaning.
To use these special characters as single-character patterns, remove the special meaning by preceding
each character with a backslash (\). In the following examples, single-character patterns matching a
dollar sign, an underscore, and a plus sign, respectively, are shown.
\$ \_ \+
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Appendix A Understanding Regular Expressions, Special Characters, and Patterns
Multiple-Character Patterns
Multiple-Character Patterns
Multiple-character regular expressions can be formed by joining letters, digits, and keyboard characters
that do not have a special meaning. With multiple-character patterns, order is important. The regular
expression a4% matches the character a followed by a 4 followed by a %. If the string does not have
a4%, in that order, pattern matching fails.
The multiple-character regular expression a. uses the special meaning of the period character to match
the letter a followed by any single character. With this example, the strings ab, a!, and a2 are all valid
matches for the regular expression.
Put a backslash before the keyboard characters that have special meaning to indicate that the character
should be interpreted literally. Remove the special meaning of the period character by putting a
backslash in front of it. For example, when the expression a\. is used in the command syntax, only the
string a. is matched.
A multiple-character regular expression containing all letters, all digits, all keyboard characters, or a
combination of letters, digits, and other keyboard characters is a valid regular expression. For example:
telebit 3107 v32bis.
Character Description
* Matches 0 or more single-character or multiple-character patterns.
+ Matches 1 or more single-character or multiple-character patterns.
? Matches 0 or 1 occurrences of a single-character or multiple-character pattern.
The following example matches any number of occurrences of the letter a, including none:
a*
The following pattern requires that at least one occurrence of the letter a in the string be matched:
a+
The following pattern matches the string bb or bab:
ba?b
The following string matches any number of asterisks (*):
\**
To use multipliers with multiple-character patterns, enclose the pattern in parentheses. In the following
example, the pattern matches any number of the multiple-character string ab:
(ab)*
As a more complex example, the following pattern matches one or more instances of alphanumeric pairs:
([A-Za-z][0-9])+
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Appendix A Understanding Regular Expressions, Special Characters, and Patterns
Pattern Alternation
The order for matches using multipliers (*, +, and ?) is to put the longest construct first. Nested
constructs are matched from outside to inside. Concatenated constructs are matched beginning at the left
side of the construct. Thus, the regular expression matches A9b3, but not 9Ab3 because the letters are
specified before the numbers.
Pattern Alternation
Alternation can be used to specify alternative patterns to match against a string. Separate the alternative
patterns with a vertical bar (|). Only one of the alternatives can match the string. For example, the regular
expression codex|telebit matches the string codex or the string telebit, but not both codex and telebit.
Anchor Characters
Anchoring can be used to match a regular expression pattern against the beginning or end of the string.
Regular expressions can be anchored to a portion of the string using the special characters shown in
Table A-3.
Character Description
^ Matches the beginning of the string.
$ Matches the end of the string.
For example, the regular expression ^con matches any string that starts with con, and sole$ matches any
string that ends with sole.
In addition to indicating the beginning of a string, the ^ can be used to indicate the logical function “not”
when used in a bracketed range. For example, the expression [^abcd] indicates a range that matches any
single letter, as long as it is not the letters a, b, c, and d.
Underscore Wildcard
Use the underscore to match the beginning of a string (^), the end of a string ($), parentheses (( )) , space
( ), braces ({}), comma (,), and underscore (_). The underscore can be used to specify that a pattern exists
anywhere in the string. For example, _1300_ matches any string that has 1300 somewhere in the string
and is preceded by or followed by a space, brace, comma, or underscore. Although _1300_ matches the
regular expression {1300_, it does not match the regular expressions 21300 and 13000t.
The underscore can replace long regular expression lists. For example, instead of specifying
^1300( ) ( )1300$ {1300, ,1300, {1300} ,1300, (1300, simply specify _1300_.
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