Lizard: Dragon, Legendary Monster Usually Conceived As A Huge, Bat-Winged

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Dragon, legendary monster usually conceived as a huge, bat-winged,

fire-breathing, scaly lizard or snake with a barbed tail. The belief in


these creatures apparently arose without the slightest knowledge on
the part of the ancients of the gigantic, prehistoric, dragon-like
reptiles. In Greece the word drakōn, from which the English word was
derived, was used originally for any large serpent (see sea serpent),
and the dragon of mythology, whatever shape it later assumed,
remained essentially a snake.
In general, in the Middle Eastern world, where snakes are large and
deadly, the serpent or dragon was symbolic of the principle of evil.
Thus, the Egyptian god Apepi, for example, was the great serpent of
the world of darkness. But the Greeks and Romans, though accepting
the Middle Eastern idea of the serpent as an evil power, also at times
conceived the drakontes as beneficent powers—sharp-eyed dwellers in
the inner parts of the Earth. On the whole, however, the evil
reputation of dragons was the stronger, and in Europe it outlived the
other. Christianity confused the ancient benevolent and malevolent
serpent deities in a common condemnation. In Christian art the
dragon came to be symbolic of sin and paganism and, as such, was
depicted prostrate beneath the heels of saints and martyrs.

The dragon’s form varied from the earliest times. The Chaldean
dragon Tiamat had four legs, a scaly body, and wings, whereas the
biblical dragon of Revelation, “the old serpent,” was many-headed like
the Greek Hydra. Because they not only possessed both protective and
terror-inspiring qualities but also had decorative effigies, dragons
were early used as warlike emblems. Thus, in the Iliad,
King Agamemnon had on his shield a blue three-headed snake, just as
the Norse warriors in later times painted dragons on their shields and
carved dragons’ heads on the prows of their ships. In England before
the Norman Conquest, the dragon was chief among the royal ensigns
in war, having been instituted as such by Uther Pendragon, father
of King Arthur. In the 20th century the dragon was officially
incorporated in the armorial bearings of the prince of Wales.

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