ADMAS UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE

SIMULATION AND MODELLING

“Check Progress” ASSIGNMENT
Name: Betsegaw Demeke
Section: 3DRCS1
ID No: ADMA/3275/17
Submission Date: August 10, 2020
Submitted to: Yadeta G.
1. What is model? Define some model of surrounding events.
 A model is an abstract or virtual representation of a real system that allows
model to make prediction about future behaviors of the system.
 Some model of surrounding events are:
o A
2. What is a system? Define kinds of a system.
 A system is a collection of entities that act and interact together in order to
achieve some goal. It is also an interaction of inputs, processes and outputs.
 Kinds of systems are:
o Discrete: in which the variables change instantaneously at separate
points in time.
o Continuous: where the state variables change continuously with respect
to time.
3. What is the difference between static and dynamic model?
 Static model: a static model can be defined as a representation that doesn't not
have time as one of its inputs. this is such that providing the same set of input
values will always result in the same set of output values.
 Dynamic model: a dynamic model on the other hand has the state of the
system changing with time. the output values at any instant in time are
dependent on not only the input values at that time, but may also be dependent
on all of the input values presented to the model at previous times as well.
4. What is the difference between continuous and discrete model?
 Continuous model: the state variables change in a continuous way, and not
abruptly from one state to another (infinite number of states).
 Discrete model: the state variables change only at a countable number of
points in time. These points in time are the ones at which the event
occurs/change in state.
5. What is simulation? Give some advantages and disadvantages
of simulation.
 A simulation is an imitation of the operation of real-world process or system
overtime, a simulation of a system is an operation of modeling a system.
 Advantages of simulation:
o It can avoid danger and loss of life.
o Conditions can be varied and outcomes investigated.
o Critical situations can be investigated without risk.
o It is cost effective.
o Simulations can be sped up so behavior can be studied easily over a long
period of time.
o Simulations can be slowed down to study behavior more closely.
  Disadvantages of simulation:
o It can be expensive to measure how one thing affects another, to take
the initial measurements and to create the model itself (such as
aerodynamic wind tunnels).
o To simulate something, a thorough understanding is needed and an
awareness of all the factors involved. Without this, a simulation cannot
be created.
6. Write some applications of simulations.
 Human behavior modelling  Homeland security risk modeling
 Transportation  Operations research
 Military  Business process modeling

7. What is meant by “System state” in a simulation?

 It’s a collection of variables and its values needed to decide the system at any
particular time. A variable is a mathematical quantity that defines one key
aspect of a system. Because, according to several types of system a simulation
can be categorized into different classes which will be discussed in the future.
8. What is the simulation language? Discuss the different kinds of
simulation language.
 A computer simulation language is used to describe the operation of a
simulation on a computer. There are two major types of simulation: continuous
and discrete event though more modern languages can handle more complex
combinations.
 Different kinds of simulation language:
o Object-Oriented simulation language: Object Oriented Simulation
(OOS) can be considered as a special case of Object-Oriented Programming
(OOP). Some principles of OOP like existence of a varying number of
instances of interfering objects have been in standard use in simulation
environment for a
long time, often using other terminology. The Simula language (used to be
called Simula 67) is the first true object-oriented language. OOPS like classes,
inheritance, virtual methods, etc. have been defined in Simula. MODSIM is
another object-oriented simulation language.
o On Line Simulation Language: Internet together with Java and JavaScript
offer incredible possibilities in problem solving. Instead of time consuming
downloading and installation of software packages, it is possible to open
directly various solvers, especially for problems that are not frequent and that
do not require time consuming computation.
o Advanced continuous simulation language: The Advanced Continuous
Simulation Language, or ACSL (pronounced "axle"), is a computer language
 designed for modelling and evaluating the performance of continuous systems
described by time-dependent, nonlinear differential equations. It is a dialect of
the Continuous System Simulation Language (CSSL).
o Graphic simulation language: GSL is a FORTRAN-oriented language,
which combines the activity and process concepts of a discrete simulation
language with continuous simulation concepts, thereby permitting the
simulation of systems, which call for combining continuous and discrete
simulation techniques. The basic structural component of GSL is the
simulation block, which corresponds either to an activity of a discrete system
or a dynamic region of a continuous system.
9. Flow chart simulation language comes in which category? Give
an example of it.
 Flow chart simulation language comes in Discrete simulation language.
 An example of flow chart simulation language is:
10. Describe the discrete and continuous simulation language with
one daily life example.
 Discreate simulation language:
o SIMSCRIPT II (An Event-Oriented Language):
▪ Executive-secretary system
▪ ATM
▪ Client-Server
▪ Bank modelling
▪ Image Processing
o SIMULA (A Process-Oriented Language):
▪ Automobile manufactures
▪ Healthcare system
▪ Motor Vehicles
▪ International Airport System
▪ FMC Technologies
o GPSS (A Transaction-Flow Language):
▪ MINUTEMAN Software
▪ Wolverine Software Corporation
 Continuous simulation language:
o CSMP
▪ FORTRAN language has been used for such projects as the
design of:
• Bridges
• Aeroplane structures
• Also used for Factory automation control
• Storm drainage design
• Analysis of scientific data
▪ ALGOL
o ACSL
▪ use in human lactation studies
▪ use in large-scale modeling
▪ use in protein turnover analysis
References
➢ E6-43-07-06.pdf
➢ 1978_0002_2.pdf
➢ 684124.pdf
➢ mca-504.pdf
➢ 1998_Bookmatter_MathematicalModelingInExperime.pdf