Scribd
Upload
86 views

C Programming

This document provides an overview of the C programming language including basic templates, variables, data types, input/output functions like printf and scanf, comments, arrays, functions, if/else conditional statements, switch statements, structs, loops (while, do-while, for), pointers, 2D arrays, working with files (create, append, read). It covers the basic building blocks of C like variables, data types, operators, control flow, functions and pointers.

Uploaded by

Emily Sia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
86 views

C Programming

This document provides an overview of the C programming language including basic templates, variables, data types, input/output functions like printf and scanf, comments, arrays, functions, if/else conditional statements, switch statements, structs, loops (while, do-while, for), pointers, 2D arrays, working with files (create, append, read). It covers the basic building blocks of C like variables, data types, operators, control flow, functions and pointers.

Uploaded by

Emily Sia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

C programming

Basic template
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
printf(“Hello World\n”);
return 0;
}
Variables
int num = 30;
const int NUM = 40; //constant number
char character = ‘A’;
char string [] = “DuoDuoSia”;
double d = 35.6;
char name[20]; //declare a size 20 array to store a string
printf();
printf(“%s”,string);
printf(“%c”,’A’);
printf(“%d”,10+20);
printf(“%f”,35.6);
printf(“%d %d”,num1, num2);

printf(“Hello World\n %s”, “C Programming”); //”\n” means next line


scanf();
scanf(“%s”,string); //read the first word (before space)
//string no need to put ‘&’
scanf(“%d”,&age);
scanf(“%lf”,&decimal); //to scan a decimal num, must put %lf
fgets(“%s”,20,stdin);
scanf(“%s%s”, firstName, lastName);

char name[20];
fgets(name,20,stdin); //read a whole line
Comment
/* */
OR
//
Array
int luckyNumbers[] = {4,8,15,6,23,42};
luckyNumbers[1] = 200; //change the element in luckyNumbers[1]
printf(“%d”,luckyNumbers[0]); //print 4
int luckyNumbers[10]; //an empty array that can hold 10 numbers
Function == Method
ReturnType FunctionName(parameters){}
int main(){ //main function
sayHi(“Mike”, “12”);
}
void sayHi(char name[],int age){
printf(“Hello %s, you are %d\n”,name,age);
}

//must created before the main method or else the main method don’t know its
existence
double cube(double num){
double result = num * num * num;
return result;
}

int main()
{
printf("Answer: %f", cube(4));
return 0;
}
If-Else
int max (int num1, int num2,int num3){
int result;
if(num1 >= num2 && num1 >= num3){
result = num1;
} else if(num2 >= num1 && num2 >= num3){
result = num2;
} else {
result = num3;
}
return result;
}
Operator Meaning
int main() && AND
{ || OR
printf("Answer: %d", max(40,10,20));
!= Negate
if(3 > 2 || 2 > 5){
printf(“true”); == Equals to
}
return 0;
}
Switch Statement
char grade = ‘A’;
switch(grade){
case ‘A’:
prinf(“You did great!”);
break;
case ‘B’:
prinf(“You did alright!”);
break;
case ‘C’:
prinf(“You did poorly!”);
break;
case ‘F’:
prinf(“You failed!”);
break;
default:
printf(“Invalid Grade”);

}
Structs
struct Student{ //create an object
char name[50];
char major[50];
int age;
double gpa;
};

int main(){
struct Student student1;
student1.age = 22;
student.gpa = 3.2;
strcpy(student1.name, “Jim”); //strcpy = stringcopy
strcpy(student1.major, “Business”); //to parse the string into object

printf(“%s” student1.name);

return 0;
}
While loop
int index = 1;
while(index <= 5){ //print 1 → 5
prinf(“%d\n”,index);
index++;
}
Do-while loop
int index = 1;
do{ //print 1 → 5
prinf(“%d\n”,index);
index++;
} while(index <= 5);
For loop
int i;
for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++){
printf(“%d\n”,i);
}
2D Array
int nums [3][2] = {{1,2},{3,4},{5,6}};
prinf{“%d”, nums[0][0]};
Nested-for loop
int i, j;
for(i = 0; i < 3; i++){
for(j = 0; j < 2; j++){
printf(“%d,”, nums[i][j]);
}
printf(“\n”);
}
Pointers (Memory address) & Print memory address
int age = 30;
printf(“age: %p”, &age); //&age = a pointer (Memory address)
Pointer Variable (Memory address)
int age = 30;
int * pAge = &age; //this pointer variable store the address of age
printf("%p",pAge); //&age = a pointer (Memory address)
Deferencing pointer (Memory address)
int age = 30;
int * pAge = &age; //this pointer variable store the address of age
printf("%d",*pAge); //print out 30
Create a file
int main()
{
FILE * fpointer = fopen("employees.txt","w"); //w = overwrite a file

fprintf(fpointer,"Jim, Salesman\nPam, Receptionist\nOscar, Accounting");

fclose(fpointer);
return 0;
}
int main()
{
FILE * fpointer = fopen("employees.txt","a"); //a = append

fprintf(fpointer,"\nKelly, Boss");

fclose(fpointer);
return 0;
}
Read a file
int main()
{
char line[255];
FILE * fpointer = fopen("employees.txt","r");

fgets(line,255,fpointer);
printf("%s",line);
fgets(line,255,fpointer);
printf("%s",line);

fclose(fpointer);
return 0;
}

You might also like