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Solutions, and The Optional Wickert Textbook Only. No Electronic Devices Other Than Calculators Will Be

The document provides a review for the AME 101 final exam on 12/7/2017 and 12/12/2017. It outlines the exam format and allowed materials. The majority of the exam will focus on energy and thermal systems covered since the last midterm, including the first and second laws of thermodynamics and heat transfer. Sample problems are provided covering units, thermodynamics, and heat transfer concepts. Students are advised to check units carefully and use the correct equations for different scenarios.

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118 views4 pages

Solutions, and The Optional Wickert Textbook Only. No Electronic Devices Other Than Calculators Will Be

The document provides a review for the AME 101 final exam on 12/7/2017 and 12/12/2017. It outlines the exam format and allowed materials. The majority of the exam will focus on energy and thermal systems covered since the last midterm, including the first and second laws of thermodynamics and heat transfer. Sample problems are provided covering units, thermodynamics, and heat transfer concepts. Students are advised to check units carefully and use the correct equations for different scenarios.

Uploaded by

nuncafalha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AME 101, Fall 2017

Final exam review


12/7/2017 & 12/12/2017

The full 120 minutes of time will be allowed. The format of the exam will be the same as the
midterms - open book to the extent of the course lecture notes, your own notes, homework assignments and
solutions, and the optional Wickert textbook only. No electronic devices other than calculators will be
allowed, so be sure you have hard copies of all the lecture notes.

The material covered on the exam may include any material in the lecture part of the class (i.e. I
won’t ask anything about SolidWorks or other graphics-oriented subjects.) There will be more
emphasis on the last part of the lecture material (i.e. energy and thermal systems) since you haven’t
been tested on that yet. Roughly speaking the breakdown of the problems will be as follows (this is
not guaranteed):

• 1 problem on units and/or scrutiny


• 1 problem on statics / materials / structures OR fluid mechanics
• 3 problems on energy and thermal systems

The material presented since the last midterm includes

• First Law of Thermodynamics – conservation of energy


o Control mass (fixed mass of material)
o Control volume (fixed volume in space)
o Types of energy – Internal, kinetic, potential
o Types of energy transfers – heat, work
o Heating value of fuels
o Steady flow
• Second Law of Thermodynamics – entropy always increases
o Heat is always transferred from hot to cold, never the reverse
o Carnot cycle engines – best possible efficiency cycle - heat addition at temperature
TH, heat rejection at temperature TL; efficiency h = 1 – TL/TH
o Other cycles
§ Otto – model for gasoline-type internal combustion engines
§ Brayton – model for gas turbines
§ Rankine – model for steam turbines
• Heat transfer
ΔT
o Conduction Q˙ = −kA
Δx
o Convection Q˙ = hAΔT = hA(Tsurface − Tfluid )
o Radiation Q˙ = σεA(TH4 − TL4 )
€
€
€
Traps and pitfalls to avoid

• Check your units


• Check your units
• Check your units (get the message now???)
• Use the right equation! Some examples:
o Materials and stresses
§ Moment of inertia – cross sections – rectangular vs. solid cylinder vs. hollow
cylinder
§ Point load vs. distributed load
o Fluid mechanics
§ Areas – cross-section area or surface area?
§ Definition of Reynolds number – which length scale?
• Pipe, sphere, cylinder – diameter, not length!
• Flat plate - length
§ Laminar vs. turbulent flow – depends on Reynolds number – use the right
formula or chart!
§ Incompressible (r = constant) vs. compressible
• Temperatures – “to be absolutely sure, use absolute temperature!”

Sample final exam from a previous year (average was 78/100)

Problem #1 (units) (20 points total)


The Froude number (Fr) of the flow around an object such as a sailboat is defined by Fr = gL/v2,
where g = acceleration of gravity, L = characteristic length of object, and v = velocity of object.
(a) Calculate the Froude number of the flow around a 40 foot long sailboat (that is, L = 40 ft)
cruising through the water at 25 miles per hour.
(b) Calculate the Reynolds number of the flow of the water around the sailboat, again using L = 40
ft as the characteristic dimension (see the table in Chapter 6 for water properties).
(c) It is desired to simulate the flow around this sailboat in a laboratory experiment with mercury
(see the table in Chapter 6 for mercury properties) (do not attempt this at home!) What model
length (L) (in feet) and fluid speed (v) (in feet per second) would be required to have the same
Froude and Reynolds numbers as determined in parts (a) and (b)?
(d) Since the Froude and Reynolds numbers are the same for the two cases (in water and mercury),
the drag coefficient CD will be the same for the two cases. Which case (water or mercury) would
have the larger drag force? No credit without explanation.

Problem #2 (scrutiny, thermodynamics #1) (24 points total)


Using the Control Mass form of the First Law of Thermodynamics I derived the following formula
for the work output (W1-2) of a new type of piston engine process in terms of the temperature after
the process (T2), the temperature before the process (T1) and specific heat at constant pressure (CP):

W1−2 = m 2C P (T2 − T1 )
(a) There are four mistakes in this equation, i.e. it’s not possible to derive this result from the First
Law of Thermodynamics. What are two of these mistakes and how can the formula be
corrected?
(b) Which of the following assumptions were required to obtain the above result, besides fixing the
mistakes? No credit for simple yes or no answers, you must state a reason for your
answer.
(i) No change in velocity
(ii) No change in mass
(iii) Control Mass does not change shape or volume

Problem #3 (thermodynamics #2) (16 points total, 4 points each part)


Which of the devices (a) – (d) below are possible, which are impossible according to the First Law
of Thermodynamics, and which are impossible according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
Explain each in 1 or 2 sentences. No credit without explanation!
Which of the devices (a) – (d) below are possible, which are impossible according to the First Law
of Thermodynamics, and which are impossible according to the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
Explain each in 1 or 2 sentences. No credit without explanation!

˙ = 0.4 Watt
W ! = 1.0 Watt
Q H

TH = 75˚C
€

˙ = 1.0 Watt
W ˙ = 0.2 Watt
W

TL = 50˚C € TL = 50˚C €

˙ = 0.5 Watt
Q ˙ = 0.8 Watt
Q
L L

(a) (b)
˙ = 1 Watt
Q ˙ = 1 Watt
Q
€ H € H

TH = 100˚C TH = 100˚C

! !

˙ = 0.1 Watt ˙ = 0.2 Watt


W
W

TL = 50˚C !
TL = 50˚C !

˙ = 0.8 Watt
Q
˙ = 1.1 Watt
Q L
L
(d)
(c)
!
!
Problem #4 (thermodynamics #3) (25 points total)

(a) A water heater uses 2 kg/hour of kerosene (heating value QR = 4.3 x 107 J/kg) as a heat source (
Q˙ ). Water enters the device at 25˚C and leaves at 100˚C with no change in velocity or elevation
and no work extraction ( W˙ ). What is the mass flow rate ( m ˙ ) of water? The process is steady-
state, steady flow. The heat capacity (CP) of water is 4184 J/kg˚C.
(b) If the 100˚C water in part (a) is used as the heat source for a steam engine, and waste heat is
€
rejected to 25˚C €
water, what is the maximum possible efficiency (h) and power ( W˙ =h Q˙ ) this
€
engine could produce according to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?
(c) If the power produced in (b) is used to raise another stream of water by an elevation of change
of 50 meters and increase its velocity from 5 m/s to 50 m/s, what is the mass flow rate of this
€ €
stream? Assume no heat transfer and no change in water temperature.

Problem #5 (heat transfer) (15 points total, 5 points each part)

An infrared lamp is used to keep the top surface of an 18” diameter ½” thick pizza at a temperature
of 60˚C.

(a) If the pizza loses heat only by conduction through the pizza to a 25˚C plate on which the pizza
lies, and the thermal conductivity of the pizza is 0.3 W/mK, what heating power (in Watts)
must the infrared lamp supply?
(b) If the pizza loses heat only by radiation to the environment at 25˚C, and the emissivity of the
pizza is 0.8, what heating power (in Watts) must the infrared lamp supply?
(c) If the pizza loses heat only by convection to the atmosphere at 25˚C, and the convective heat
transfer coefficient h = 10 W/m2˚C, what heating power (in Watts) must the infrared lamp
supply?

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