UNIT 2

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS

(A) Main Concepts and Results

• A fraction is either a proper fraction or an improper fraction.

• A proper fraction is a number representing a part of a whole. This
whole may be a single object or a group of objects. An improper
fraction is a number in which numerator is greater than denominator.
• A mixed fraction is a combination of a natural number and a proper
fraction.
• Two fractions are multiplied by multiplying their numerators and
denominators separately and writing the product as
product of numerators 2 3 2×3 6
. For example, 5 × 4 = 5 × 4 = 20 .
product of denominators

1 1
• A fraction acts as an operator ‘of ’. For example, of 3 is × 3 = 1.
3 3
• The product of two proper fractions is less than each of the fractions,
1 1 1 1 1 1
For example, × = and is less than both and .
2 3 6 6 2 3
• The product of a proper and an improper fraction is less than the
improper fraction and greater than the proper fraction. For example,
1 3 3 3 3 1
× = and is less than but greater than .
2 2 4 4 2 2
• The product of two improper fractions is greater than the two fractions.
3 7 21 21 3 7
For example, × = and is greater than both and .
2 4 8 8 2 4

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 UNIT 2

• The reciprocal of a non-zero fraction is obtained by interchanging

3 2
its numerator and denominator. For example, reciprocal of is .
2 3
• While dividing a whole number by a fraction, we multiply the whole
1 2
number with the reciprocal of that fraction. For example, 3 ÷ =3× .
2 1
• While dividing a fraction by a natural number, we multiply the fraction
1 1 1
by the reciprocal of the natural number. For example, ÷2= × .
4 4 2
• While dividing one fraction by another fraction, we multiply the first
1 1 1 3
fraction by the reciprocal of the other. For example, ÷ = × .
2 3 2 1
• While multiplying two decimal numbers, first multiply them as whole
numbers. Count the number of digits to the right of the decimal
point in both the decimal numbers. Add the number of digits
counted. Put the decimal point in the product by counting the
number of digits equal to sum obtained from its rightmost place. For
example, 1.2 × 1.24 = 1.488.
• To multiply a decimal number by 10, 100 or 1000, we move the
decimal point in the number to the right by as many places as many
zeros (0) are the right of one. For example, 1.33 × 10 = 13.3.
• To divide a decimal number by a natural number, we first take the
decimal number as natural number and divide by the given natural
number. Then place the decimal point in the quotient as in the decimal
1.2
number. For example, = 0.3
4
• To divide a decimal number by 10, 100 or 1000, shift the decimal
point in the decimal number to the left by as many places as there
1.34
are zeros over 1, to get the quotient. For example, = 0.0134
100
• While dividing one decimal number by another, first shift the decimal
points to the right by equal number of places in both, to convert the
divisor to a natural number and then divide. For example
1.44 14.4
= = 1.2.
1.2 12

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS 27

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(B) Solved Examples

In Examples 1 to 11, there are four options, out of which one is correct.
Write the correct one.

3
Example 1: Savita is dividing 1 kg of sweets equally among her
4
seven friends. How much does each friend receive?

3 1 1 3
(a) kg (b) kg (c) kg (d) kg
4 4 2 28
Solution: Correct answer is (b)

3
Example 2: If of a number is 12, the number is
4

(a) 9 (b) 16 (c) 18 (d) 32

Solution: Correct answer is (b)

2 5
Example 3: Product of fractions and is
7 9

2×5 2+5 2×9 2×5

(a) (b) (c) (d)
7+9 2+9 5×7 7×9

Solution: Correct answer is (d)

Example 4: Given that 0 < p < q < r < s and p, q, r, s are integers,
which of the following is the smallest?

p +q p +s q +s r +s
(a) (b) (c) (d) p + q
r +s q +r p +r

Solution: Correct answer is (a)

Example 5: The next number of the pattern

60, 30, 15, _______ is

15 15
(a) 10 (b) 5 (c) (d)
4 2

Solution: Correct answer is (d)

28 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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Example 6: The decimal expression for 8 rupees 8 paise (in Rupees) is

(a) 8.8 (b) 8.08 (c) 8.008 (d) 88.0

Solution: Correct answer is (b)

Example 7: Each side of a regular hexagon is 3.5cm long. The
perimeter of the given polygon is

(a) 17.5cm (b) 21cm (c) 18.3cm (d) 20cm

Solution: Correct answer is (b)

Example 8: 2.5 ÷ 1000 is equal to

(a) 0.025 (b) 0.0025 (c) 0.2500 (d) 25000

Solution : Correct answer is (b)

Example 9: Which of the following has the smallest value?

2 (0.2)2 2
(a) 0.0002 (b) (c) (d) ÷ 0.01
1000 2 100

Solution: Correct answer is (a)

Example 10: Which of the following has the largest value?

32 0.320 3.2 3.2

(a) (b) (c) (d)
0.05 50 0.05 50

Solution: Correct answer is (a)

Example 11: The largest of the following is

1 1
(a) 0.0001 (b) (c) (0.100)2 (d) ÷ 0.1
1000 10

Solution: Correct answer is (d)

In Examples 12 to 19, fill in the blanks to make the statement true.

Example 12: A fraction acts as an operator___________

Solution: of

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS 29

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2
Example 13: Fraction which is reciprocal of is _________.
3

3
Solution:
2

Example 14: Product of a proper and improper fraction is ____________

the improper fraction.

Solution: less than.

Example 15: The two non-zero fractions whose product is 1, are called
the ________ of each other.

Solution: Reciprocal

Example 16: 5 rupees 5 paise = ` ________.

Solution: 5.05

Example 17: 45mm = _________ m.

Solution: 0.045

Example 18: 2.4 × 1000 = _________.

Solution: 2400

Example 19: To divide a decimal number by 100, we shift the decimal

point in the number to the ________ by ______ places.

Solution: left, two

In Examples 20 to 23 state whether the statements are True or

False.

Example 20: Reciprocal of an improper fraction is an improper

fraction.

Solution: False

2 1
Example 21: 2 ÷2 = 2
5 5

Solution:
 2 1 12 5 12 
False  because 2 ÷ 2 = × =
 5 5 5 11 11 

30 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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Example 22: 0.04 ÷ 0.2 = 0.2

Solution: True

Example 23: 0.2 × 0.3 = 0.6

Solution: False [as 0.2 × 0.3 = 0.06]

2
Example 24: Find of 6 using circles with shaded parts.
3

Fig. 2.1
2
Solution: From the following figure, try to find out of 6.
3
There are 12 shaded parts out of 18 parts which can be taken as shown

2
below (Fig. 2.2), which means 4 wholes. Thus of 6 is 4.
3

Fig. 2.2

Example 25: Find the value of

1 1 1
+ +
4
2
3
11 5
 
7 13 9
Solution: Given expression =

1 1 1
+ +
 30   50  5
     
 7   13  9

7 13 9
= + +
30 50 5

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35 39 270 35 + 39 + 270 172

= + + = =
150 150 150 150 75

Example 26: There is a 3 × 3 × 3 cube which

consists of twenty seven 1 × 1 × 1
cubes (see Fig. 2.3). It is
‘tunneled’ by removing cubes
from the coloured squares.
Find:
(i) Fraction of number of small
cubes removed to the number
of small cubes left in given cube. Fig. 2.3
(ii) Fraction of the number of small cubes removed to
the total number of small cubes.
(iii) What part is (ii) of (i)?
Solution: (i) Number of small cubes removed = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 +1 +
1=7

7
So, required fraction =
20

7
(ii) Required fraction =
27

7 7 7 20 20
(iii) Required part is ÷ = × =
27 20 27 7 27
1
Example 27: Ramu finishes part of a work in 1 hour. How much
3
1
part of the work will be finished in 2 hours?
5
1
Solution: The part of the work finished by Ramu in 1 hour =
3
1
So, the part of the work finished by Ramu in 2 hours
5
1 1 11 1 11 × 1 11
= 2 × = × = =
5 3 5 3 5×3 15
11 1
Ramu will finish part of the work in 2 hours.
15 5

32 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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2
Example 28: How many kg pieces can be cut from a cake of weight
3
4 kg?
Solution: Observe the following figure representing 4 cakes each
of 1 kg and try to give the answer.

Fig. 2.4
2
In the above figure we look for ‘how many s are there
3
in these 4 cakes?’

2 3
That is, 4 ÷ =4× =6
3 2
Alternate Method
This can be observed also in the following way.

We get the answer as 6.

Example 29: Harmeet purchased 3.5kg of potatoes at the rate of `13.75

per kg. How much money should she pay in nearest
rupees?
Solution: Cost of 1 kg of potatoes = ` 13.75.
Cost of 3.5 kg of potatoes = ` 13.75 × 3.5
13.75
×3.5
6875
4 1 2 5×
4 8.1 2 5
So, cost of 3.5 kg of potatoes = ` 48, to the nearest rupees.

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Example 30: Kavita had a piece of rope of length 9.5 m. She needed
some small pieces of rope of length 1.9 m each. How
many pieces of the required length will she get out of
this rope?
Solution : The length of the rope = 9.5m
The length of a small piece of rope = 1.9m
Number of small pieces = 9.5 m ÷ 1.9m

9.5 9.5 × 10
= =
1.9 1.9 × 10

95
= =5
19
So, she will get 5 small pieces of rope.
Example 31: Three boys earned a total of ` 235.50. What was the
average amount earned per boy?
Solution : Three boys earned = ` 235.50

235.50
The average amount earned per boy = `
3

The average amount earned per boy is ` 78.50.

Example 32: Find the product of

1 5 1 7 4 5
(i) and (ii) and (iii) and
2 8 3 5 3 2

1 5 1× 5 5
Solution : (i) × = =
2 8 2×8 16

1 7 1× 7 7
(ii) × = =
3 5 3×5 15

34 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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4 5 4×5 20 10
(iii) × = = =
3 2 3×2 6 3
Example 33: Observe the 3 products given in Example 32 and now
give the answers of the following questions.
(i) Does interchanging the fractions in the example,
1 5
× , affect the answer?
2 8
(ii) Is the value of the fraction in the product greater
or less than the value of either fraction?
1 5 5 1
Solution : (i) By interchanging × we get ×
2 8 8 2
5 1 5 ×1 5
× = = which is same as the product we get
8 2 8×2 16
1 5
in Example 32 by multiplying and . This means
2 8
that interchanging the fractions does not affect the answer.
(ii) By observing the 3 products given in the solution of
Example 32, we come to know that the value of the
fractions in the products are as follows
(a) The product of two fractions whose value is less
than 1 i.e. the proper fractions is less than each of
the fractions that are multiplied.
(b) The product of a proper and an improper fraction
is less than the improper fractions and greater than
the proper fraction.
(c) The product of two improper fractions is greater
than each of the two fractions.

3
Example 34 : Reshma uses m of cloth to stitch a shirt. How many
4
1
shirts can she make with 2 m cloth?
4
Solution : Study the following figures :
1
Let represent m
4

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MATHEMATICS

Then,

9 fourths
= =3
3 fourths

3 1
In fact, we calculate that “how many are in 2 ?”
4 4
And it is calculated as,

1 3 9 3 9 4 9× 4 9
2 ÷ = ÷ = × = = =3
4 4 4 4 4 3 4×3 3

1
Thus, 3 shirts can be made with 2 m of cloth.
4
MATHEMATICS IN MUSIC

Example 35 : If the fraction of the frequencies of two notes have a

common factor between the numerator and denominator,
the two notes are harmonious. Use the graphic below to
find the fraction of frequency of notes D and B.

Frequency Chart
Fig. 2.5

36 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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Solution: Fraction of frequencies of notes D and B is

Frequency of note D 297 3 × 3 × 3 ×11
= Frequency of note B = 495 =
3 × 3 × 5 ×11
3
So, the fraction of the frequencies of notes D and B is
.
5
Clearly, the notes D and B are harmonies. Find other
pairs of notes which are harmonious.

Application on Problem Solving Strategy

Example 36 2
Khilona said that we have gone about 120km or
3
of the way to the camp site. So, how much farther
do we have to go?

Solution : Understand and Explore the Problem

• What do you know?

2
• We know that 120km is about of the total distance.
3

Plan a Strategy

• Draw a diagram showing the distance that Khilona has

already gone and the fractional part that it represents.

Solve

2 1
• If of the distance is 120km, then of the distance
3 3
1
would be of 120km i.e. 60km.
2

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS 37

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MATHEMATICS

The total distance is (120 + 60) km or 180km.

2
Revise : Since of the total distance, denoted by x, equals
3
2x
120km, so the equation = 120 represents this
3
problem. By solving we get x = 180 km. Thus the
solution is checked.

Think and Discuss

1
1. If of the total distance is 120 km, then how far is the camp site?
3
2. Apply both strategies i.e. by drawing and by using equation, to solve other
problems and discuss with your friends that which method is easy.

(C) EXERCISE

In questions 1 to 20, out of four options, only one is correct. Write

the correct answer.

2 1
1. × 5 is equal to:
5 5
26 52 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 6
25 25 5

3 3
2. 3 ÷ is equal to:
4 4
45
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d)
16
1 3
3. A ribbon of length 5 m is cut into small pieces each of length m.
4 4
Number of pieces will be:
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8

38 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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 UNIT 2

2 6 13
4. The ascending arrangement of , , is:
3 7 21

6 2 13 13 2 6 6 13 2 2 6 13
(a) , , (b) , , (c) , , (d) , ,
7 3 21 21 3 7 7 21 3 3 7 21
2
5. Reciprocal of the fraction is:
3
2 3
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) (d)
3 2
11
6. The product of and 4 is:
13
5 3 3 5
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 13 (d) 13
13 13 5 3
2
7. The product of 3 and 4 is:
5

2 24 1 1
(a) 17 (b) (c) 13 (d) 5
5 5 5 13
2
8. Pictorial representation of 3 × is:
3

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

1 4
9. ÷ equal to:
5 5

4 1 5 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 4 4
10. The product of 0.03 × 0.9 is:
(a) 2.7 (b) 0.27 (c) 0.027 (d) 0.0027
5
11. ÷ 6 is equal to:
7
30 5 30 6
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 42 42 7

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS 39

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MATHEMATICS

1 9
12. 5 ÷ is equal to
6 2

31 1 1 31
(a) (b) (c) 5 (d)
6 27 27 27

1 1
13. Which of the following represents of ?
3 6

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) + (b) – (c) × (d) ÷
3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6

3 2
14. of is equal to
7 5
5 5 1 6
(a) (b) (c) (d)
12 35 35 35
1 2
15. One packet of biscuits requires 2 cups of flour and 1 cups of
2 3
sugar. Estimated total quantity of both ingredients used in 10 such
packets of biscuits will be
(a) less than 30 cups
(b) between 30 cups and 40 cups
(c) between 40 cups and 50 cups
(d) above 50 cups
Vocabulary

• Equivalent
Fraction
1. A number that consists of a whole number
and a fraction is called a/an ___________? • Fraction

2. An____________________ is a number that • Improper

represents a part of a whole. Fraction

3. A fraction whose numerical (abrolute) value • Mixed Number

is greater than 1 is called a/an ______________, • Proper
and a fraction whose numerical value is Fraction
between 0 and 1 is called a/an _____________
4. _____________ mean the same value.

40 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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 UNIT 2

3
16. The product of 7 and 6 is
4

1 1 3 3
(a) 42 (b) 47 (c) 42 (d) 47
4 4 4 4

2
17. On dividing 7 by , the result is
5

14 35 14 35
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 4 5 2

2
18. 2 ÷ 5 is equal to
3
8 40 40 8
(a) (b) (c) (d)
15 3 5 3

4 1
19. of 5 kg apples were used on Monday. The next day of what was
5 3
left was used. Weight (in kg) of apples left now is

2 1 2 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 14 3 21
20. The picture

interprets

1 1 3 1
(a) ÷3 (b) 3× (c) ×3 (d) 3 ÷
4 4 4 4
In Questions 21 to 44, fill in the blanks to make the statements true.

2 4
21. Rani ate part of a cake while her brother Ravi ate of the
7 5
remaining. Part of the cake left is __________
3
22. The reciprocal of is ___________
7
2
23. of 27 is ___________
3

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS 41

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MATHEMATICS

4
24. of 45 is ______
5
1
25. 4 × 6 is equal to _______
3
1 2
26. of 4 is _______
2 7
1 6
27. of is ______
9 5

Think and Discuss

1. Explain whether you need to find a common denominator to compare
2 1
and − .
3 2
2. Describe the steps you would use to compare 0.235 and 0.239.

3 7
28. The lowest form of the product 2 × is ________
7 9
4
29. ÷ 4 is equal to _______
5
2
30. of 25 is ________
5
1 5 1 6
31. ÷ = _____
5 6 5 5
32. 3.2 × 10 = _______
33. 25.4 × 1000 = _______
34. 93.5 × 100 = _______
35. 4.7 ÷ 10 = ______
36. 4.7 ÷ 100 = _____
37. 4.7 ÷ 1000 = ______
38. The product of two proper fractions is _______ than each of the
fractions that are multiplied.
39. While dividing a fraction by another fraction, we _________ the first
fraction by the _______ of the other fraction.
40. 8.4 ÷ ______ = 2.1

42 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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 UNIT 2

41. 52.7 ÷ _______ = 0.527

42. 0.5 _____ 0.7 = 0.35

5 10
43. 2 ____ =
3 3
44. 2.001 ÷ 0.003 = __________

In each of the Questions 45 to 54, state whether the statement is True

or False.
45. The reciprocal of a proper fraction is a proper fraction.
46. The reciprocal of an improper fraction is an improper fraction.

Product of their denominators

47. Product of two fractions =
Product of their numerators

48. The product of two improper fractions is less than both the fractions.

49. A reciprocal of a fraction is obtained by inverting it upside down.

50. To multiply a decimal number by 1000, we move the decimal point

in the number to the right by three places.

51. To divide a decimal number by 100, we move the decimal point in

the number to the left by two places.

52. 1 is the only number which is its own reciprocal.

2 2
53. of 8 is same as ÷ 8.
3 3

4 4
54. The reciprocal of is .
7 7
55. If 5 is added to both the numerator and the denominator of the
5
fraction , will the value of the fraction be changed? If so, will the
9
value increase or decrease?
56. What happens to the value of a fraction if the denominator of the
fraction is decreased while numerator is kept unchanged?

2
57. Which letter comes of the way among A and J?
5

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS 43

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MATHEMATICS

2
58. If of a number is 10, then what is 1.75 times of that number?
3

1
59. In a class of 40 students, of the total number of students like to
5
2
eat rice only, of the total number of students like to eat chapati
5
only and the remaining students like to eat both. What fraction of
the total number of students like to eat both?

2
60. Renu completed part of her home work in 2 hours. How much
3
1
part of her home work had she completed in 1 hours?
4
1
61. Reemu read th pages of a book. If she reads further 40 pages, she
5
7
would have read th pages of the book. How many pages are left to
10
be read?

62. Write the number in the box such that

3 15
× =
7 98

1 2
63. Will the quotient 7 ÷ 3 be a fraction greater than 1.5 or less
6 3
than 1.5? Explain.

13
64. Describe two methods to compare and 0.82. Which do you think
17
is easier and why?

Think and Discuss

1. Give an example of an addition problem that involves connecting an
improper fraction in the final step.

7 7 14
2. Explain why + does not equal .
9 9 18

44 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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 UNIT 2

65. Health: The directions for a pain reliever recommend that an adult
of 60 kg and over take 4 tablets every 4 hours as needed, and an
1
adult who weighs between 40 and 50 kg take only 2 tablets every
2
4
4 hours as needed. Each tablet weighs gram.
25
(a) If a 72 kg adult takes 4 tablets, how many grams of pain reliever
is he or she receivings?

(b) How many grams of pain reliever is the recommended dose for
an adult weighing 46 kg?

66. Animals: The label on a bottle of pet vitamins lists dosage guidelines.
What dosage would you give to each of these animals?

(a) a 18 kg adult dog

(b) a 6 kg cat

(c) a 18 kg pregnant dog

Do Good Pet Vitamins

• Adult dogs:
1
tsp (tea spoon full) per 9kg body weight
2
• Puppies, pregnant dogs, or nursing dogs:
1
tsp per 4.5kg body weight
2
• Cats:
1
tsp per 1kg body weight
4

1
67. How many kg boxes of chocolates can be
16
1
made with 1 kg chocolates?
2
68. Anvi is making bookmarker like the one shown
in Fig. 2.6. How many bookmarker can she make
from a 15 m long ribbon?
Fig. 2.6

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MATHEMATICS

69. A rule for finding the approximate length of diagonal of a square is

to multiply the length of a side of the square by 1.414. Find the
length of the diagonal when :
(a) The length of a side of the square is 8.3 cm.
(b) The length of a side of the square is exactly 7.875 cm.
70. The largest square that can be drawn in a circle has a side whose
length is 0.707 times the diameter of the circle. By this rule, find the
length of the side of such a square when the diameter of the circle is
(a) 14.35 cm (b) 8.63 cm
71. To find the distance around a circular disc, multiply the diameter of
the disc by 3.14. What is the distance around the disc when :
(a) the diameter is 18.7 cm?
(b) the radius is 6.45 cm?
72. What is the cost of 27.5 m of cloth at ` 53.50 per metre?
2
73. In a hurdle race, Nidhi is over hurdle B and of the way through
6
the race, as shown in Fig. 2.7.

Fig. 2.7
Then, answer the following: 4
(a) Where will Nidhi be, when she is of the way through the
6
race?
5
(b) Where will Nidhi be when she is of the way through the race?
6
(c) Give two fractions to tell what part of the race Nidhi has finished
when she is over hurdle C.

74. Diameter of Earth is 12756000m. In 1996, a new planet was

5
discovered whose diameter is of the diameter of Earth. Find the
86
diameter of this planet in km.
5
75. What is the product of and its reciprocal?
129

46 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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 UNIT 2

1 1
+ 2
76. Simplify: 2 5
1 1
2 ÷
2 5

1 1
+
77. Simplify: 4 5
3 3
1− ×
8 5
3 1 3
78. Divide by  of 
10 4 5
1 2 1
79. of a number equals ÷ . What is the number?
8 5 20
80. Heena’s father paid an electric bill of ` 385.70 out of a 500 rupee
note. How much change should he have received?
81. The normal body temperature is 98.6°F. When Savitri was ill her
temperature rose to 103.1°F. How many degrees above normal was
that?

Think and Discuss

1. Name the number of decimal places in the product of 5.625 and 2.75.
2. Give an example of two fractions whose product is an integer due to
common factors.

82. Meteorology: One measure of average global temperature shows how

each year varies from a base measure. The table shows results for
several years.

Year 1958 1964 1965 1978 2002

0
Difference from Base 0.10°C – 0.17°C – 0.10°C  1  0.54°C
  C
 50 

See the table and answer the following:

(a) Order the five years from coldest to warmest.
(b) In 1946, the average temperature varied by – 0.030C from the base
measure. Between which two years should 1946 fall when the years
are ordered from coldest to warmest?

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS 47

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MATHEMATICS

Science Application
83. In her science class, Jyoti learned that the atomic weight of Helium is
4.0030; of Hydrogen is 1.0080; and of Oxygen is 16.0000. Find the
difference between the atomic weights of:
(a) Oxygen and Hydrogen
(b) Oxygen and Helium
(c) Helium and Hydrogen
84. Measurement made in science lab must be as accurate as possible.
Ravi measured the length of an iron rod and said it was 19.34 cm
long; Kamal said 19.25 cm; and Tabish said 19.27 cm. The correct
length was 19.33 cm. How much of error was made by each of the
boys?
85. When 0.02964 is divided by 0.004, what will be the quotient?
86. What number divided by 520 gives the same quotient as 85 divided
by 0.625?
87. A floor is 4.5 m long and 3.6 m wide. A 6 cm square tile costs
` 23.25. What will be the cost to cover the floor with these tiles?
88. Sunita and Rehana want to make dresses for their dolls. Sunita has
3 1
m of cloth, and she gave of it to Rehana. How much did Rehana
4 3
have?
89. A flower garden is 22.50 m long. Sheela wants to make a border
along one side using bricks that are 0.25 m long. How many bricks
will be needed?
90. How much cloth will be used in making 6 shirts, if each required
1 1
2 m of cloth, allowing m for waste in cutting and finishing in
4 8
each shirt?
91. A picture hall has seats for 820 persons. At a recent film show, one
3 2
usher guessed it was full, another that it was full. The ticket
4 3
office reported 648 sales. Which usher (first or second) made the
better guess?
92. For the celebrating children’s students of Class VII bought sweets
for ` 740.25 and cold drink for ` 70. If 35 students contributed
equally what amount was contributed by each student?
93. The time taken by Rohan in five different races to run a distance of
500 m was 3.20 minutes, 3.37 minutes, 3.29 minutes, 3.17 minutes
and 3.32 minutes. Find the average time taken by him in the races.

48 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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 UNIT 2

1
94. A public sewer line is being installed along 80 m of road. The
4
supervisor says that the labourers will be able to complete 7.5 m in
one day. How long will the project take to complete?

1
95. The weight of an object on moon is its weight on Earth. If an
6
3
object weighs 5 kg on Earth, how much would it weigh on the
5
moon?
96. In a survey, 200
students were asked
what influenced them
most to buy their latest
CD. The results are
shown in the circle
graph.
(a) How many
students said
radio influenced
them most?
(b) How many more
students were
influenced by
radio than by a
music video
channel?
(c) How many said a
friend or relative influenced them or they heard the CD in a
shop?

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS 49

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MATHEMATICS

1
97. In the morning, a milkman filled 5 L of milk in his can. He sold to
2
3 7
Renu, Kamla and Renuka L each; to Shadma he sold L; and to
4 8
1
Jassi he gave 1 L. How much milk is left in the can?
2
98. Anuradha can do a piece of work in 6 hours. What part of the work
can she do in 1 hour, in 5 hours, in 6 hours?
99. What portion of a ‘saree’ can Rehana paint in 1 hour if it requires 5
3 1
hours to paint the whole saree? In 4 hours? In 3 hours?
5 2
1
100. Rama has 6 kg of cotton wool for making pillows. If one pillow
4
1
takes 1 kg, how many pillows can she make?
4
1
101. It takes 2 m of cloth to make a shirt. How many shirts can Radhika
3
1
make from a piece of cloth 9 m long?
3
1
102. Ravi can walk 3 km in one hour. How long will it take him to walk
3
to his office which is 10 km from his home?
103. Raj travels 360 km on three fifths of his petrol tank. How far would
he travel at the same rate with a full tank of petrol?
3
104. Kajol has ` 75. This is of the amount she earned. How much did
8
she earn?

Think and Discuss

1. Explain how you can be sure that a fraction is simplified.
2. Give the sign of a fraction in which the numerator is negative and the
denominator is negative.

50 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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 UNIT 2

105. It takes 17 full specific type of trees to make one tonne of paper. If
there are 221 such trees in a forest, then (i) what fraction of forest
will be used to make;
(a) 5 tonnes of paper. (b) 10 tonnes of paper.
7
(ii) To save part of the forest how much of paper we have to save.
13

106. Simplify and write the result in decimal form :

 2  1  2
1 ÷  + 1 ÷ 3  + 1 ÷ 2 
 9  5  3

107. Some pictures (a) to (f) are given below. Tell which of them show:
1 3 1
(1) 2 × (2) 2 × (3) 2 ×
4 7 3
1 2 1
(4) ×4 (5) 3 × (6) ×3
4 9 4

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS 51

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MATHEMATICS

108. Evaluate : (0.3) × (0.3) – (0.2) × (0.2)

0.6 0.16
109. Evaluate +
0.3 0.4

(0.2 × 0.14) + (0.5 × 0.91)

110. Find the value of :
(0.1 × 0.2)

111. A square and an equilateral triangle have a

4
side in common. If side of triangle is cm
3
long, find the perimeter of figure formed
(Fig. 2.8).
Fig. 2.8
2
112. Rita has bought a carpet of size 4 m × 6 m. But her room size is
3
1 1
3 m × 5 m. What fraction of area should be cut off to fit wall to
3 3
wall carpet into the room?

2 2
113. Family photograph has length 14 cm and breadth 10 cm. It has
5 5
3
border of uniform width 2 cm. Find the area of framed photograph.
5

3 1
114. Cost of a burger is ` 20 and of Macpuff is ` 15 . Find the cost of
4 2
4 burgers and 14 macpuffs.

1 1
115. A hill, 101 m in height, has th of its height under water. What is
3 4
the height of the hill visible above the water?

116. Sports: Reaction time measures how quickly a runner reacts to the
starter pistol. In the 100 m dash at the 2004 Olympic Games, Lauryn
Williams had a reaction time of 0.214 second. Her total race time,
including reaction time, was 11.03 seconds. How long did it take
her to run the actual distance?

52 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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 UNIT 2

117. State whether the answer is greater than 1 or less than 1. Put a ‘ü’
mark in appropriate box.

Questions Greater than 1 Less than 1

2 1
÷
3 2
2 2
÷
3 1
1
6÷
4
1 1
÷
5 2
1 1
4 ÷3
3 2
2 1
×8
3 2

118. There are four containers that are arranged in the ascending order
of their heights. If the height of the smallest container given in the
7
figure is expressed as x = 10.5 cm. Find the height of the largest
25
container.

In Questions 119 to 122, replace ‘?’ with appropriate fraction.

119. 120.

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS 53

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MATHEMATICS

121. 122.

What is the Error in each of question 123 to 125?

1 1
123. A student compared – and –0.3. He changed – to the decimal
4 4
–0.25 and wrote, “Since 0.3 is greater than 0.25, –0.3 is greater than
–0.25”. What was the student’s error?
124. A student multiplied two mixed fractions in the following manner:
4 1 1
2 × 3 = 6 . What error the student has done?
7 4 7
1 1 1
125. In the pattern + + + ..... which fraction makes the sum greater
3 4 5
than 1 (first time)? Explain.

(D) Applications

1
Game 1: Shade (i) of the circles in box (a)
3

2
(ii) of the triangles in box (b)
5

1
(iii) of the squares in box (c)
5

54 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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