Ner 01 e

REPUBLIC OF NIGER
……………….
PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICE
----------------
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
COUNCIL FOR A SUSTAINABLE
GLOBAL UNITED NATIONS
DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT
……………..
FACILITY PROGRAMME
EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT
GEF UNDP
NATIONAL ADAPTATION PROGRAMME OF ACTION
August 2006
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword…...………………………………………………………………………….………3
List of NAPA Experts ……………………........……………………………………..………4
Acronyms……………………………………………..…………………………….…………5
Summary…………………………………………...........……………………………….…....7
1. Introduction and parameters……………………………………………………………...9
1. 1. Overview of the general characteristics of the country....…………………………….9
1. 1. 1. Biophysical characteristics………………………………......……………………….9
1. 1. 2. Social and economic characteristics.……………………………………….... 12
1. 2. Pressures on the environment…………………................…………………………....13
1. 3. Disruptions caused by climate variability and changes.............................………......13
1. 3. 1. On biophysical processes…………………………..........……………………..13
1. 3. 2. On key sectors…………………………………..........…………………….......14
2. Framework of the adaptation programme……………….…………………………......16
2. 1. Climate variability and changes observed and forecast…….........………………….16
2. 1. 1. Climate variability and changes observed …………............……………….16
2. 1. 2. Climate variability and changes forecast ………...........………………........17
2. 2. Adverse effects of climate variability and changes ……...............…………………..20
2. 3. NAPA framework. …………………………………………………………………….21
2. 4. Relationship between NAPA and national development objectives and the MEA. 21
2. 5. Obstacles to NAPA implementation……………..……………………………………22
3. List of basic needs for adaptation to climate variability and changes…………....…...22
3. 1. Past and current practices…….....…………………………………………………….22
3. 2. Relevant solutions for adaptation…………….....................………………………….24
4. Selection criteria for priority activities……………...............................………………..25
4. 1. Criteria choice…….....…………………………………………………………………25
4. 2. Criteria scoring…………........…………………………………………………...........26
4. 3. Standardization…………………………………………………………………...........26
4. 4. Criteria weighting……….…....………………………………………………………..27
5. List of priority activities …………………………………..……................……………..27
5. 1. Ranking of priority adaptation activities.........……………………...………………..27
5. 2. Projects profiles…………………………...………………..…………………………..27
6. Elaboration process of the adaptation programme ....……………………....………....67
6. 1. Government Contribution from the …….…………..………………………………..67
6. 2. Consultation process…………………………………………………………………...67
6. 2. 1. National consultation ……..…………………….…………………………….67
6. 2. 2. Local consultation ………………………….…………………………………68
6. 3. Istitutional set-ups…………..................……………………………………………….68
6. 4. Monitoring and evaluation…………..………………………………………………...68
6. 5. Mechanism of adoption the programme by the Government………….……..……..68
Bibliography……….………………………………………………………………………...69
Appendices…………………...………………………………………………………………71
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FOREWORD
The present document elaborated by the National Environmental Council for Sustainable
Development is the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to adverse effects of
Climate Changes (CC). Its elaboration falls within the scope of the implementation of the
National Strategy and Action Plan for Climate Changes and Variability (SNPA/CVC)
elaborated in April 2003 and adopted in March 2004. This strategy is within the scope of the
climate variability and changes, one of the six (6) priority programmes of the National
Environmental Plan for a Sustainable Development (PNEDD).
The elaboration and implementation of the NAPA in Niger is also in the line with the
United Nations Convention on climate changes (UNFCCC) that Niger signed and ratified
respectively on July 11th, 1992 and July 25th, 1995.
Niger set up the National Technical Committee on Climate Changes and variability
(CNCVC) in July 1997. The country subsequently elaborated its Initial National
Communication (CNI), which was presented at the sixth Conference of the Parties in
November 2000 at the Hague (Netherlands).
The preparation of the NAPA also comes within the framework of the decisions stemming
from the Marrakech COP7, particularly the decisions 5/ CP7: assistance for adaptation in
developing countries; 27/ CP7: directives relating to funds for LDCs; 28/ CP7: guidelines
relating to NAPA and 29/ CP7: setting up of the Least Developed Countries (LDC) Experts
Group.
Niger got a financial support from the Global Environment Fund (GEF) to elaborate its
NAPA.
The development objective of the NAPA is to contribute to lessen the adverse effects of
climate on the most vulnerable populations with the prospect of a sustainable development
and fight against poverty in Niger.
The Niger NAPA document gives an overview on the content of priority activities to be
undertaken to face urgent and immediate needs and concerns for the purpose of adaptation to
adverse effects of climate changes.
This document represents a general dynamic and flexible framework aiming at directing
and coordinating priority activities relating to adaptation to climate changes in the country on
the basis of strict criteria and through a participatory and synergetic approach involving the
different stakeholders, particularly the local communities, public sector, private sector, NGOs
and Civil Society as well as other National programmes, mainly the Rural Development
Strategy (SDR) and the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS).
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LIST OF NAPA EXPERTS AND CONTRIBUTORS
Names Profile Organization Contact
Bako Safi Solange Sociologist PANA 722559
Kamayé Maâzou Physicist UAM 987470
Harouna Oumarou Forestry specialist DE/MHE/LCD 879865
Abdoulaye Issa Energetic specialist NGO-EDER 891014
Manou Aï Economist SE/CNEDD 722559
Sitta Aïssatou Agro meteorologist DMT/MT 732160/964613
Daouda Mamadou Agro meteorologist DMT/MT 732160
Ahmadou Mahamadou Forestry specialist Consultant 973222
Hubert Ndjafa Ouaga Geographer AGRHYMET 733116
Dan-Bakoye Chaïbou Statistician-Planner ME/F/CCD 997655
Gousmane Moussa Geographer SE/CNEDD 722559
Garba Radji Hydrologist DRE/MHE/LCD 723889/967752
Moussa Hassane Agroforester INRAN/MDA 980457
Dieudonné Goudou Garba Energy specialist HCAVN 732313/895411
Abdou Ibrahim Ayayi Energy specialist MME 936530
Pr A. Ben Mohamed Physicist UAM 732713/14
Chaibou Mamane Environmentalist DE/MHE/LCD 933399
Tchousso Mahaman Planner SE/CNEDD 722559
Attari Boukar Forestry specialist SE/CNEDD 722559
Mme Boubacar Zalia Planner SE/CNEDD 722559
Pr Boureima Ousmane Hydro geologist UAM 733519
Idrissa Mamoudou Environmentalist SE/CNEDD 722559

5
ACRONYMS
ACMAD: African Center of Meteorological Application on Development

MEA: Multilateral Environmental Agreements
BAB: Livestock Food Bank
UNCCD: United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Changes
CBD: Convention on Biological Diversity
CERMES: Center for Medical and Health Studies and Research
CES/DRS: Water and Soil Conservation/ Soil protection and restoration
CG: Management Committee
CNEDD: National Environmental Council for a Sustainable Development
CNI: Initial National Communication
COGERAT: Joint Management of the Aîr and Ténéré Reserve
CUN: Urban Community of Niamey
LUCOP: Fight Against Poverty
PAC: Community Policies Programme
PACE: Pan African Project for Fight against Epizootic Diseases
PADAZ: Project of support for Agricultural Development in Zinder
PADL: Project of support for Local Development
PAFN: Natural Forests Management Project
COP: Conference of the Parties
PAGRN: Project of Support for Natural Resources Management
CP: Running Committee
CVD: Village Development Committee
ENDA-TM: Environmental Development Action in the third world
GEF: Global Environment Facility
FLCDRPS: Fund to Combat Desertification and for the Reduction of Poverty in the Sahel
IHD: Index of Human Development
IEC: Information/ Education/ Communication
INS/MF/E: National Institute of Statitistics / Ministry of Finance and Economy
LEG: Least Developed Countries’ Experts Group
MAGICC/SCENGEN : Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse-gas Induced Climate
Change/ SCENario GENerator
NGO: Non-Governmental Organization
PABC: Community-Based Adaptation Project
NAPA: National Adaptation Programmes of Action
PAN/LCD-GRN: National Programme of Action to combat Desertification and for Natural
Resources Management
GDP: Gross Domestic Product
PNEDD: National Environmental Plan for a Sustainable Development
UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
PIP2: Private Irrigation Project
PPEAP: Agro-pastoral Products Promotion and Export Project
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RGPH: Population and Housing General Census

SAP/GC: Early Alert System and Crises Management
SDR: Rural Development Strategy
SE/CNEDD: CNEDD Executive Secretariat
SNIS: National Health Information System
SNPA/CVC: National Strategy and Action Plan for Climate Changes and Variability
SNPA/DB: National Strategy and Action Plan for Biological Diversity
SP: Permanent Secretariat
PRS: Poverty Reduction Strategy
SVS: Vulnerability Oversight in the Sahel
UNITAR: United Nations Institute for Training and Research
ZARESE: Zones with high Environmental and Social Risks
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Executive Summary
The climate in Niger is of the Sahelian type characterized by a great interannual
rainfall, which has been expressed by multi-year droughts since 1968 (diagram2). This
situation, linked to the climate nature and changes, through the adverse effects of extreme
weather events, constitutes a great disadvantage for the development of the country. In
fact, the ecosystems frailty makes the country very vulnerable to these events and the
difficult socio-economic situation weakens its adaptability. In this regards , adaptation
measures are necessary, in order to achieve a sustainable development.
In view of identifying and adopting these measures, Niger government created a
technical Committee for Climate Changes and Variability (CNCVC) in July 1997. The
said Committee elaborated its Initial National Communication (CNI) that was presented
at the sixth Conference of the Parties in November 2000 at the Hague (Netherlands).
Afterwards, it elaborated its National Strategy and Action Plan for Climate Changes and
Variability (SNA/CVC) in April 2003. After this step, it undertook the NAPA elaboration
process for climate changes with the financial support of the Global Environment fund
(GEF) through the United Nations Development programme (UNDP).
The overall objective of the NAPA is to contribute to the alleviation of the adverse
effects of climate variability and changes on the most vulnerable populations with the
prospect of a sustainable development. In this area, some adaptation measures, consistent
with the orientations of the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) contained in the Rural
Development Strategy (SDR), were identified. These adaptation measures are all in
synergy with the measures of the Post-Rio convention adopted by Niger, especially the
United Nations Framework on Climate Changes (UNFCCC), Convention to Combat
Desertification (CCD), and the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD).
The NAPA process started in 2005. Its implementation was carried out within strict
respect of the different steps indicated by the LEG guidelines and by focusing on three
approaches:
• A consultative and participatory approach involving all the parties, particularly
the regions, local authorities, local communities, representatives of the private
sector, NGOs and Civil Social organizations....;
• A multi-disciplinary and transparent approach based on the participation of all
the specialists (as indicated in the list of the NAPA experts) on climate
variability and changes;
• A complementary approach in which synergy with the existing National Plans
and Programmes and Multilateral Environmental Agreements is taken into
account.
This process got the following results:

• Identification of sectors, communities and areas that are most vulnerable to climate
variability and changes;
• Identification of adaptation measures and sectors priority needs, communities and
areas that are vulnerable to climate variability and changes;
• Identification of fourteen (14) adaptation options listed below:
8
1. Introducing fodder crop species in pastoral areas;

2. Creating Livestock Food Banks;
3. Restoring basins for crop irrigation;
4. Diversifying and Intensifying crop irrigation;
5. Promoting peri-urban market gardening and livestock farming;
6. Promoting income-generating activities and developing mutual benefit societies;
7. Water control;
8. Producing and disseminating meteorological data;
9. Creating Food Banks;
10. Contributing to fight against climate-related diseases;
Improving erosion control, water harvesting and conservation measures for agricultural,
11. forestry and pastoral purpose;
12. Dissemination of animal and crop species that are most adapted to climatic conditions;
13. Watershed protection and rehabilitation of dum_off ponds;
14. Building of material, technical and organizational capacities of rural producers.
All these activities were translated into project identification sheets.

These priority options involve different sectors of activities and focus on the local populations
that are most vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate changes. Their implementation is of
the greatest importance to achieve a sustainable development in Niger. They will be, by their
very nature, under the responsibility of the decentralized sectorial departments of the involved
Ministries . For the execution of these activities, the technical Departments will be
supported by the running committees made up of all the project stakeholders. When
necessary, they will also work with other organizations and/ or institutions present in the
country.
At the national level, the CNEDD, within the framework of its missions, will
coordinate the implementation of the identified projects.
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1. Introduction and parameters

1.1. General characteristics of the country
Niger is a sahelian landlocked country whose nearest point to the sea is about 600 km. It
covers a surface area of 1,267,000 sq km. It is located between the longitude 0°16’ and 16°
East and the latitude 11°1’ and 23°17’ North. The three fourths of the country’s land area are
occupied by deserts among which the Ténéré, one of the most wonderful deserts in the world.
The country’s economy is mainly based on agriculture and cattle breeding .
Furthermore, soils are generally poor and the area potentially suitable for crop production,
estimated at 15 millions hectares, represent 12% of the country’s total surface area. These
lands, mainly covered by dunes, are not very productive and are sensitive to water and wind
erosion.
The potential of irrigable land is estimated at 270,000 hectares of which 140,000
hectares in the river Niger valley.
Niger population was estimated at 11,060,291 people in 2001 (General census, 2001).
Mainly rural, the populations draw most of their incomes from natural resources exploitation.
The growth rate of the population is one of the highest in the world. It was about 3.3 %
in 2001. This population growth combined with difficult climatic conditions (droughts) and
inadequate and not very rational use of natural resources led to ecological imbalances
expressed by the deterioration of livelihoods.
According to the trends from national statistics, the population will reach 17.3 millions
by 2015 and 24.1 millions by 2025
.
1. 1. 1. Biophysical characteristics
Characterized by low-lying (200 to 500 meters), the landscape is marked by very ancient
mountainous massifs in the northwest (Aîr massif), plains and plateaus in the south. The
northern part of Niger is occupied by great geomorphologic areas, the main of which are:
• The crystalline Aîr massif of which the highest point (Mount Greboune) is more than
2000 meters;
• The Termit sandstone massif;
• The great manuring areas from the Aîr;
• The desert plateaus;
• The large stretches of sand (Ténéré and Tal);
The southern part of Niger alternates plains and plateaus cut across by:
• Precambrian rock outcrop in the south;
• Hill range of the cretaceous and tertiary periods in the middle and eastern parts;
• Valleys and basins from the West to the East.
The climate is of the semi-arid tropical type, characterized by two seasons: a dry season
from October to May and a rainy season from June to September.
During the dry season, the average temperature varies from 18.01° C to 31.1° C. During
this season, the Harmattan (dry and hot wind) with moderate speed (5 to 10 m/s) blows from
northeast or east and it is dominant throughout the country.
During the rainy season, the average temperature varies from 28.01° C to 31.7° C. The
Monsoon (wet wind) blowing from Southwest to the Northeast is dominant in the main parts
of the country. During this period, the speed of the wind is generally low or moderate (2 to 8
10
m/s). But instant high-speed winds (> 40 m/ s) can be recorded.

The most extreme temperatures recorded are – 2.4° C (in January 1995 in Bilma) for
the minimum temperature, and 49.5° C (on September 7th, 1978 in Diffa) for the maximum
temperature.
Rainfall is characterized by great variation in space and time. In normal years, this
rainfall allows the increase of ground water, the formation of stretches of smooth water and
the improvement of grassland. Since the early 1970’s, rainfall has been decreasing; this is
expressed by the movement of the isohyets to the south.
Thus, four climatic zones are observed in Niger (Diagram 1):

• The Sahel and Sudan zone that represents about 1% of the country’s total surface
area, and receives an annual rainfall ranging from 600mm to 800 mm. It is suitable
for agriculture and livestock production;
• The Sahel and Sahara zone that represents 12% of the country’s surface area and
receives an annual rainfall average ranging from 150 to 300 mm. It is suitable for
livestock breeding in transit;
• The Saharan desert zone, which covers 77% of the country’s surface area and receives
less than 150 mm of rainfall per year. People practice irrigated farming.
(Sources: CNEDD report on the environmental state in Niger and the National meteorological
Department, 2005)
24
22 Sahel and
d zone
Soudan
600
20
Sahel
Iférouane zone
Bilma
e 18 300
d
u Tabelot Sahel and
ti
ta Agadez Sahara zone
L
Tchintabaraden 150
16
Sahara
Tesker
Tahoua Tanout zone
Ayorou Keita Dakoro
Chikal Bouza
Tillabéry Bagaroua Madaoua N'Guigmi
Téra Gouré
14 Birni N'Konni Zinder
Tessaoua Goudoumaria 0
Doutchi
Niamey Loga Maradi Diffa
Mainé Soroa
Dosso Maraka Magaria
Tapoa
12 Gaya
-50
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Longitude
Diagram 1: Climatic zones in Niger (source: National Meteorological Department, average

annual rainfall covering the period 1975 to 2004, 2005 edition).
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As regards to pedology, the soils cultivated in Niger have a widespread organic matter
and phosphorus deficiency. They are affected by a continuous fertility decrease, a trend to
acidification, and sensitivity to water and wind erosion, a poor water retention capacity, and
alkalinization and salinisation events. It must be noticed that 80% to 85% of the lands suitable
for cultivation are dunes and only 15% to 20% are hydromorphic and slightly clayey (SEDES,
1987). The mountainous areas and great plateaus (Aîr , Ader Doutchi, continental terminal)
are dominated by lithosoils. The fossil valleys ( Dallols, Goulbi, Korama ), the river valleys,
the Komadougou, the lake Chad and the Manga basins are mainly dominated by
hydromorphic soils and vertisoils.
As regards to water resources, despite its dry weather, Niger has important ground and
surface water resources which represent the main water supply of the country. However, the
hydrographic network is relatively little compared to the situation in other West African
countries. The major constraint is the accessibility to these resources because of the
exploitation conditions often difficult. At this very moment, this difficulty does not allow the
creation of necessary optimum conditions to the satisfaction of people’s needs, livestock and
other economic activities. The ground water renewal rate is estimated at 2.5 billion m3 per
year. The non-renewable ground water resources are estimated at 2000 billion m3. The surface
water resources are estimated at about 30 billion m3 per year.
In terms of vegetation, Niger hosts species and trees formations represented by many
biographic strata. The Niger flora counts about 1600 species. The forested area is estimated at
14,000,000 ha. In the southern Sahel and Sudan strip, gallery forests and woody savanna areas
are dominant. In the Sahel and Saharan zones, there are contracted trees formation such as
shrubby and grasslands (SNPA/DB, 1998).
As far as wildlife is concerned, the bioclimatic terracing of Niger allows the country to
have a rich and varied wildlife composed of 3,200 wild animal species of which 168 are
mammals, 512 are birds, 150 are reptiles and amphibians, 112 are fish species and many
invertebrates (molluscas, insects). (Data source: SNPA/DB, 1998).
The Niger mammal wildlife species is decreasing for two reasons:
• Human causes (poaching, competition with domestic animals and habitat destruction).
• Natural causes (droughts).
Furthermore, Niger has wildlife reserves and national parks.
The energy sector is dominated by the high consumption of the house energy sub-sector
mainly based on wood resources (wood and biomass remnants). In fact these wood resources
represent 90% of the energy appraisal against 8% for hydrocarbons and 2% for electricity.
This situation contributes greatly to the deterioration of the forest.
The potentialities in renewable energies (solar, wind, water) are very important but they
have not been much used up to now. As far as potentialities offered by uranium are
concerned, they have not been used yet.
As regards to mines, the different mining and oil prospecting undertaken since 50 years in
the Niger underground revealed the existence of a varied and considerable oil and mining
potential: in total thirty mineral substances or more, and 300 indices and deposits have been
recorded.
Apart from hydrocarbons and mineral substances that have been industrially or semi-
industrially exploited (uranium, coal, limestone, phosphate, tin...), one can mention indices
12
and deposits of precious metals (gold, platinum, silver) special use metals (lithium, cobalt,
chromium, manganese) and base metals (copper, lead, zinc).
The Niger industrial fabric is weak and mainly made up of some production units,
especially cement, lime, agro-business (slaughter house, bakery, chemicals, breweries) and
mining industries. In the early 1980’s, the country experienced flourishing industrial units
sequel to the uranium boom, particularly in the mid south of the country. At the present time,
only some 33% of these units are operational with a reduced activity level. However, for some
years now, a resumption of industrial activities can be noticed, due to the recently launched
private sector promotion programme.
1.1. 2 Socio-economic characteristics
Niger counts 11,060,291 inhabitants (RGP/H, 2001). The average population growth rate
is 3.3%. The average population density is 8.7 inhabitants per square kilometer. The majority
of Niger people live in the south strip of the country suitable for agriculture and pastoral
activities.
The economy of Niger is mainly based on the rural sector. In fact, in 2001, the agricultural
and cattle breeding production contributed up to 38.1% of the country’s GDP (Source:
INS/ME/F, 2005). The relative share of each of these sectors is as following:
• Agriculture: 21.8%
• Cattle breeding : 10.1%
• Forestry and fisheries: 6.2%
The agricultural and cattle breeding products represent 27.2% of the total export
revenues (Source INS/ME/F, 2005) mainly made up of:
• 18.2% of cattle breeding products (animals on the hoof);
• 9% of foodstuffs (food products and ginned cotton).
The rural sector constitutes the first job supplier. It represents 87% of the total population
that have activities in the various sectors: agriculture, cattle breeding , forestry, wildlife and
fisheries resources (SDR, 2003).
The fragile economy of the country is deeply affected by external and internal isolation,
the high population growth, an ecological environment of the most difficult, and poverty.
According to the report of the human development released in 2005 by UNDP, Niger is
ranked 177th out of 177 countries with the human development index of 0.281. The human
Poverty Index (IPH) is 64.4%.
In 2005, the country’s standard of living is characterized by:

• Nominal per capita GDP: Fcfa 12,976;
• Life expectancy: 49.6 years;
• Child mortality: 108.2 children out of 1000;
• Illiteracy rate: 72.3%;
• Fertility rate: 7.2 children per woman.
(Source: INS/ME/F, 2005).

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Urbanization has experienced a relatively rapid growth. The urban population, which
represented only 5.3% in the 1960s, reached 13% in 2001. According to the forecast, it will
reach 30% by 2020. This rapid growth of the urban population is related to rural drift.
According to studies carried out at the national level, particularly the PRSP, two
Nigeriens out of three are poor and one out of ten lives in rural areas, and three out of four are
women. In the urban areas, one Nigerien out of two is poor and one out of four is extremely
poor.
1. 2. Pressures on the environment

Pressures made on the environment are mainly:
• Deforestation;
• Overgrazing;
• Poaching;
• Erosion;
• Proliferation of plastic and domestic wastes;
• Soil pollution;
• Pollution of surface and ground water;
• Bushfire.
1. 3. Disruptions caused by climate variability and changes
1. 3. 1. On the biophysical processes

Climate variability and changes cause many disruptions on the biophysical
Processes, among which:
• Decrease in the forested areas due to greater needs for productive activities;
• Accelerated loss of biodiversity;
• Shortage of natural regeneration;
• Soils deterioration;
• Wind erosion;
• Decrease in rainfall and modification of its distribution in space and time;
• Reduction of surface waters and decrease of the ground water;
• Silting up which threatens the different watercourses, particularly the river Niger;
• Disruption and modification of the ecosystem;
• Proliferation of crop species not usable by livestock and population;
• Water stress due to heat;
• Effect on crops during flowering period;
• Increase in water requirement;
• Crop or harvest failure;
• Effects on wetlands;
• Loss of biological diversity;
• Loss of seedlings;
• Damages on habitats and other infrastructures;
• Proliferation of climate-related diseases;
• Water erosion of lands;
• Damages on forests, harvest and grazing.
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1.3.2 On key sectors

The most vulnerable sectors retained as regards to NAPA are agriculture, cattle
breeding , forestry, water resources, wildlife, health and wetlands.
The impact of climate variability and changes on these sectors can be summarized as
follows:
Agriculture
The agricultural production that had been over target until the early 1970’s covered
only 86% of food needs by the end of the 1980’s. Nowadays, it is in deficit mainly because of
droughts. It was noticed that the crop production was particularly negative from 1989 to 1996
(Source: report on the assessment of climatic extreme events, 2005).
Floods as well as drought affect agriculture negatively. For the year 1998, for
example, about 588 hectares of rice fields, 8608 hectares of millet fields and 203 orchards
were damaged in Niger. Floods contribute to the destruction and loss of productions.
Cattle breeding
In Niger, the contribution of livestock was about 10 % of the GDP. The most common
cattle breeding method is of the extensive and semi-extensive type.
The drought periods 1968-1973 and 1977-1985 caused great losses on the livestock.
The latter was destroyed by more than 50%. As far as ovine breed is concerned, 5.04% of
losses were recorded against 21.92% for goats in 1974. In 1984, the losses in the first year
following the drought went up to 33% for goats and 35% for ovine breed. Thus, goats seem
more resilient. Camels had the lowest loss rate: 17.48% in 1974 and 19% in 1984 (National
report on vulnerability, 2003). So, it can be concluded that the drought periods endured in
Niger are mainly the cause of a considerable reduction of the livestock, which represents the
main production of the cattle breeders.
That year, according to the statement on damages issued by the SAP/ GC in its report
N°37, 2005, floods killed 7798 animals (among which, 1554 big ruminants and 6544 small
ruminants) throughout the country.
Forestry
About 338,180 hectares of the forest areas are lost because of droughts in 1968, 1973,
1977, 1985 and 2004 and some other human factors and climate variations. About 100,000 to
120,000 hectares of forest areas disappear every year (Source: CNEDD, Report on the State
of Environment in Niger, 2005).
The surveys carried out on lost woody species or likely to be lost by the National
Agronomic Research Project in the departments of Diffa, Zinder, Maradi, Dosso and Tahoua
also reveal the effect of rainfall decrease on the extinction of many woody species (Larwanou,
1996, 1997, 1998).
Floods and torrential rainfalls and overflows cause losses in woody and herbaceous
species. They contribute to the premature death of certain species and lead to the weak growth
15
of fodder crop species.

Violent sand storms often cause damages on forests, vegetation and soils.
Water resources
Water resources have suffered from the adverse effects of droughts during these last
thirty years. In fact, the sensitivity of surface water resources to climate variability was
brought into the fore through the use of the river Niger flow indices in Niamey, the flow of
the Komadougou Yobé in Bagara, the flow of the Goulbi in Nielloua.
The strength of water run-off during torrential rainfalls deteriorates considerably the
soils. Water takes away large quantities of sand; this results in the silting up of watercourses
of which the most worrying is that of the river Niger.
Wildlife
Of the climate variation, the decrease of rainfall is one of the main habitat
deteriorating factor and the reduction of biological diversity. Flooding and high temperature
also cause the same effects on wildlife.
As far as bushfires are concerned, they destroy the wildlife and its habitat, and lead to
wildlife species destruction. High temperatures cause the death of animals and slow down the
reproduction of certain species through the drying out of water points.
Fisheries
Extreme weather events, particularly drought, have contributed to the drying out of
water points, the reduction of fisheries production. It has then caused a decrease in the fishers’
incomes.
Silting up of surface water points caused in long-term by torrential rainfalls and the
increase of evaporation due to high temperatures, contribute to the reduction of fisheries
production.
Wet lands
Like the devastating actions of man on natural resources (over use, silting up,
cropping...), droughts constitute one of the dangerous enemies of wetlands. From 1974 to 2004,
Niger suffered great losses of this ecological resource. In fact, if certain stretches of smooth
water evaporated, others withdrew totally from Niger at a given time. This is the case of lake
Chad, which withdrew under the effect of successive multi-year droughts. Floods/ torrential
rainfalls cause the over flowing of wetlands with the destruction of infrastructures and lead to the
drying out of wetlands.
Health
On the foodstuff plan, drought results in the starvation, which is certainly one of the
causes of malnutrition and fragility of certain vulnerable groups, mainly pregnant or still
feeding women and children. On the health plan, drought, in conjunction with high
temperatures, intensifies certain diseases such as measles.
As regards to strong rainfalls and floods, they favor the proliferation of certain
endemic diseases of which malaria is the most dangerous. Sand or dust storms combined to
climate variability and changes such as the temperature and relative humidity of the air
16
intensify considerably certain lung diseases and cause eyes irritation. They can also be
associated with the propagation of meningitis.
2. Framework of adaptation programme
2. 1. Climate variability and changes observed and forecast
2. 1. 1. Climate variability and changes observed

The analysis of rainfall reduced abnormalities (Diagram2) established on the basis of rainfall
data from 59 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2001, shows a trend to decrease of rainfalls
in the last thirty years. It must be reminded that abnormality is defined as the ratio of the
difference between the parameter value of a given year and its average value, and the standard
deviation in a given period.
2,00
1,50
1,00
Abnormalities
0,50
0,00
-0,50
-1,00
-1,50
-2,00
61
63
65
67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
93
95
97
99
01
03
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
Years
Diagram2: Annual average rainfall abnormalities from 1961-2004

Source: National Meteorological Department, 2006.
17
1,50
1,00
0,50
Abnormalities
0,00
-0,50
-1,00
-1,50
-2,00
-2,50
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
Years
Figure 3: Annual average minimum temperature abnormalities from 1961-2004
1,50
1,00
0,50
Abnormalities
0,00
-0,50
-1,00
-1,50
-2,00
-2,50
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
Years
Figure 4: Annual average minimum temperature abnormalities from 1961 to 2004

The data in diagrams 3 and 4 were collected from 13 meteorological stations during the
period 1961 to 2001. The analysis of the maximum and minimum temperature abnormalities
shows the following trends:
• A trend towards the decrease in maximum and minimum temperature from 1961 to
1986;
18
• A trend towards the increase in maximum and minimum temperature from 1986 to
2001.
2.1.2. Forecast climate variability and changes

The MAGIC/SCENGEN version 2.4 of May, 2000 model was used for the study of
future climate changes. This model shows the possible climatic parameters to occur in a
foreseeable future, i.e. 2025, through past climatic observations. The parameter analysis
focuses on rainfall, temperature and nebulosity (cloud covering) data from meteorological
stations throughout the country. The following results were observed:
• There will be an increase in the monthly average rainfall involving the period 1961
to1990 (table1in appendix and diagram 5) by the year 2025 except for Tillabery and
Niamey where a decrease will be observed. The most significant decrease will occur
in Magaria at the far mid-south of the country. Even though these variations happen to
be less important compared to the monthly average rainfall variability in Niger, they
must be taken into consideration due to the short period of the rainy season, which
never exceeds 4 or 5 months. The potential impacts of this increase will be more
significant on sectors such as water resources, agriculture, and cattle breedint , due to
their dependence upon this parameter. The impacts will depend on the intensity as
well as the space and time distribution of the increase.
• As far as the monthly average temperature involving the period 1961 to 1990 is
concerned (Table2 in appendix and diagrams 6, 7 and 8), a slight increase will be
observed by the year 2025 except for the meteorological stations of Bilma and Gaya.
However, a quite significant increase of temperature will occur during the rainy
season. For example 2.9° C in July and 3.1° C in August in Maradi; 2.8° C in July and
2.9° C in August in Magaria. The most significant average of monthly temperature,
i.e., 3.1°C, will be recorded in Maradi.
• As far as nebulosity is concerned, there will be a slight decrease in the monthly
average cloud covering compared with the period between 1961 and 1990 except for
the meteorological station of Gaya. The highest decrease, i.e. 2.9 octas, will be
observed in Bilma at the far north of the country.
Diagram5: Variation (in mm) by 2025 of the monthly average normal rainfall from 1961 to 1990
19
Source: Updated general report on vulnerability and adaptation to climate changes, 2003.
Diagram 6: Variation (in °C) by 2025 of the monthly average normal temperature from 1961 to 1990
Diagram 7: Variation (in °C) by 2025 of the monthly average normal maximum temperature from
1961 to 1990
20
Diagram 8: Variation (in °C) by 2025 of the monthly average normal minimal temperature from 1961
to 1990
Diagram 9: Variation (in Octas) by 2025 of the monthly average normal nebulosity from 1961 to 1990
2. 2. Adverse effects of Climate variability and changes

According to a NAPA study on identification and evaluation, the following are the main
extreme weather events occurring in Niger:
21
• Floods;
• Droughts;
• Sandstorms;
• Extreme temperatures;
• Stormy winds.
Some other extreme weather events are also recorded:

• Locust invasion;
• Bushfire.
The main adverse effects of these events on the national economy in general and on
the most vulnerable sectors are:
• Decrease in crop production;
• Fodder for livestock deficit;
• Shortage of water ponds;
• Water ponds silting up;
• Reduction of forested areas;
• Decrease in fisheries production;
• Decrease in biological diversity (species extinction and habitats deterioration);
• Increase in the rate of contracted diseases such as measles, meningitis, malaria and
respiratory diseases;
• Formation of sand dunes
2. 3. NAPA Framework
The adverse effects of climate variability and changes represent a serious obstacle to
the development of the country. Niger is very vulnerable to these phenomena due to the
fragility of its ecosystem and to the difficult socio-economic context, which undermines the
adaptation efforts in the country. So far, many adaptation measures have been taken in order
to ensure a sustainable development in the country.
Some of these measures are:
• Creation of the National Technical Committee on Climate Changes and Variability in

July 1997;
• Formulation of the Initial National Communication (CNI) presented in November,
2000, at the sixth Conference of the Parties in the Hague (Netherlands);
• Formulation of the National Strategy and Action Plan for Climate Changes and
Variability (SNPA/CVC) in April 2003 and adopted in 2004.
Furthermore, Niger Government has triggered the process of NAPA formulation with the
support of UNDP/ GEF.
The overall objective of NAPA is, thus, to contribute to the alleviation of the adverse
effects of climate variability and changes on the most vulnerable populations in order to
achieve sustainable development.
The specific objectives of the NAPA are:

• Identify the priority activities focusing on urgent and immediate needs for adaptation
to adverse effects of climate variability and changes;
22
• Ensure a broad dissemination of activities towards stakeholders, actors and other

beneficiaries;
• Build the adaptative capacities of the affected communities in the vulnerable areas;
• Develop synergies between the different strategic frameworks related to adaptation to
climate changes and variability;
• Contribute to the preparation of the Niger’s Second National Communication on
climate changes.
2. 4. NAPA relationship with the National Development Objectives and the MEA
The relationships between the NAPA and the national development objectives are
based on the links between NAPA adaptation measures and the national development
priorities contained in the PRS and SDR papers.
Niger has formulated a Poverty Reduction strategy Paper (PRSP) in January 2002.
This document represents the strategic reference framework of all the actions towards
sustainable development in the country.
The NAPA adaptation measures match the orientations of the PRS and SDR with
regards to food security, capacities building, water control, fight against desertification and
the promotion of income-generating activities.
The overall objective of SDR and PRS is to reduce poverty level in the rural areas
from 66% presently to 52% by 2015. Due to the importance of the task, the SDR stresses on
three strategic axes in order to achieve this objective:
• Encouraging rural populations’ access to economic opportunities in order to create the

conditions for a sustainable economic growth in rural areas;
• Preventing risks, improving food security and managing efficiently the natural
resources in order to secure the living conditions of the populations;
• Building the capacities of public institutions and rural organizations in order to

improve the rural sector management.
It can therefore be concluded that the activities proposed by the communities for a specific
sector match the policies of the sector as defined by the SDR. There is however, a pre-
eminence of capacities building. The adaptation measures identified by the NAPA framework
are also in synergy with the three post-Rio conventions: UNCCD, Convention on Biodiversity
and UNFCCC.
2. 5. Obstacles to NAPA implementation
The main constraints to NAPA implementation are mostly related to the lack and/ or
shortage of material and financial means due to the complexity of the extreme weather events
and the importance of adaptation measures for the most vulnerable communities to climate
variability and changes.
23
3. List of basic needs for adaptation to climate variability and changes
3. 1. Past and present practices
According to the synthesis report of the concerted assessment on vulnerability and

adaptation carried out for NAPA, the most vulnerable areas are (see diagram 10):
• The rural district of Aderbissinat (Department of Tchirozerine/ Agadez Region);
• The rural district of Tondikiwindi (Department of Ouallam/ Tillabery Region)
• Village of Issari (Department of Diffa/ Diffa Region);
• Village of Tamalollo (Department of Tanout/ Zinder Region);
• Urban district of Loga (Department of Loga/ Dosso Region);
• Village of Soudouré (Urban district of Niamey 1/ Urban Community of Niamey/

Niamey Region).
According to the same report, the most vulnerable communities in the country are
made up of cattle breeders, women, children, farmers, craftsmen, youth, the elderly and
traders.
According to the study on adaptation measures and interviews with the main actors
during field visits, the main adaptation practices still in use are:
• Rural drift;
• Sale of fuel wood;
• Sale of fodder;
• Sale of livestock;
• Gathering of non-woody forest products;
• Sale of crop residues;
• Sale of utensils and domestic appliances;
• Purchase of shortage-period foodstuffs (cassava flour);
• Mutual help;
• Sale of goods and equipments (cart, sword...);
• Well drilling for cattle breeders;
• Handicrafts;
• Casual manpower;
24
• Improving of income-generating activities;
• Rational use of food stock through rural drift;
• Sedentarization of cattle breeders;
• Off-season farming;
• Movement of the population in search of land and pasture;
• Barter practice (fuel wood for food);
• Birth control;
• Use of fast growing crop species.
However these practices appear to be ineffective for mid-term or long-term adaptation.

Complementary adaptation measures were obtained through interviews with the different
actors (identified vulnerable communities, technical services, project managers and NGOs
from the visited areas):
• Development of the concerted management of water through management

committees for national waters basin and through joint-commission and
multilateral bodies for trans-border waters;
• Improvement of knowledge about the great fossil aquifers prior to a balanced

exploitation;
• Adoption of adequate land policies that protect the rural producers;
• Mobilization of surface water for the improvement of crop production and

supply of ground water;
• Prevention of risks and catastrophes resulting from floods;
• Strengthening of actions to stop desertification;
• Reinforcing water quality control;
• Improving structures to prevent and alleviate food shortage;
• Disseminating and promoting the use of meteorological counseling by farmers

in their activities planning;
• Promoting irrigation;
• Choosing appropriate crop species for the different agricultural and ecological
zones;
• Developing profitable channels;

25
• Reinforcing the monitoring system for agro-pastoral and hydrological

activities;
• Breeding of livestock species most adapted to climate changes;
• Promoting methods for a rational management of food resources;
• Promoting intensive livestock farming;
• Improving knowledge on the available fodder crops;
• Research on climate-related diseases;
• Promoting non-conventional livestock farming;
• Implementing strategies on domestic energy, rural electrification and

renewable energies;
• Participatory approach and rational management of forest resources;
• Developing agro-forestry;
• Restoring soil fertility;
• Promoting technologies to save energy;
• Creating carbon sequestration;
• Controlling water pollution;
• Developing fisheries activities;
• Formulating programmes for wildlife in situ conservation;
• Encouraging local population for wildlife resources management;
• Building capacities;
• Developing health infrastructures, especially in rural areas;
• Increasing the immunization against common diseases;
• Reinforcing sub-regional cooperation in order to prevent, detect and fight

communicable diseases;
3. 2. Relevant solutions for adaptation

The implementation of the measures listed above will help to alleviate the adverse effects
of variability and climate changes. The adaptations measures are gathered into twenty
adaptation options listed below with respect to social and economic context of the country:
26
• Water control;
• Protecting riversides and restoring dump-off ponds;
• Creating food banks;
• Promoting income-generating activities and mutual benefit societies;
• Restoring and protecting rural tracks;
• Developing CES/DRS actions for agricultural, forestry and pastoral purposes;
• Building technical, material and organizational capacities of the rural producers;
• Building capacities of technical services;
• Popularizing animal and crop species that are most adapted to climatic conditions;
• Promoting fodder bank for livestock;
• Creating veterinary products shops;
• Producing and disseminating agro-meteorological data;
• Diversifying and intensifying crop irrigation;
• Creating firebreaks;
• Restoring basins for crop irrigation;
• Introducing fodder crops in pastoral areas;
• Supplying drilling equipment where ground water is deep;
• Promoting market gardening and livestock farming in peri-urban areas;
• Restoring and using rationally corridor for livestock transit;
• Fighting against climate-sensitive diseases.
These adaptation options are grouped according to the vulnerability sector as follows:
• Four options for the agricultural sector;
• Four options for the livestock farming sector;
• Three options for the water resources sector;
• Three common options for agriculture, livestock farming and forestry;
• One common option for livestock farming and forestry;
• One option for the transportation sector;
• Three cross-sector options.
Diagram 10: The most vulnerable areas to variability and climate changes
4. Selection criteria for priority activities

In order to select priority activities within an exhaustive list of potential activities and at
the same time maintain an easily manageable and comprehensive process, the LEG guidelines
invite the parties to consider four main criteria for the NAPA elaboration:
• The level or the gravity of the adverse effects of climate changes directly linked to
vulnerability indicators;
• Reduction of poverty in order to increase adaptative capacity;
• Synergy with other environment-related multilateral agreements;
• Cost-effectiveness ratio (financial consideration);
However, according to the LEG guidelines for NAPA formulation, countries are free
to choose other criteria with regards to their specific situation.
4. 1. Criteria choice
27
In Niger, the criteria choice for NAPA formulation is based on the following guiding
principles as defined by the LEG guidelines:
• A participatory process;
• A multi disciplinary approach;
• A complementary approach;
• A sustainable development;
• Gender equality;
• An approach focusing on the country’s initiative;
• Rational management of the environment.
The NAPA team members have agreed on five criteria. These criteria take into account
the NAPA characteristics, on one hand, and the specific conditions of the country with
regards to vulnerability to the adverse effects of variability and climate changes, on the other
hand. The five criteria agreed upon by the NAPA team members are:
1. Impact on groups and vulnerable resources;

2. Impact on economic growth rate of the poor;
3. Avoided losses for the poor;
4. Synergy with the multilateral and environmental agreements, projects and national
programmes;
5. Cost.
4.2 Scoring criteria
1. Impact on groups and vulnerable resources will be measured through a scoring scale
ranging from 1 to 5;
2. Impact on economic growth rate of the poor will be estimated in percentage through a
scoring scale ranging from 1 to 5;
3. Avoided losses for the poor are quantified in FCFA per person and per year ranging
from 50 to 450 millions;
4. Synergy with the multilateral and environmental agreements, projects and national
programmes will be measured through a scoring scale ranging from 0 to 10;
5. The cost will be measured in FCFA ranging from 20 to 180 millions.
For the last four criteria, the lesser the scoring, the lesser the importance of the criterion
for activity ranking. It is not the case with the cost.
4.3 Standardization
In order to compare simultaneously the options on the criteria basis, the NAPA experts
have set up some standardization scales. This technique consists of expressing the criteria
value in the same unit of measurement on a common scale. This is carried out through linear
interpolation. Thus, for a given criterion, the current value is obtained through the formula:
V − Vi
Vs − Vi
Where v is the option value with regards to a specific criterion;
v2 and v1 respectively for superior and inferior bounds in the value scales of that criterion.
As a result of this interpolation, we obtain a value scale for each criterion ranging from 0 to 1
28
or from 0 to 100.... with increasing values for the benefits and decreasing values for the
disadvantages.
In the case of Niger, the scale of values agreed upon ranges from 0 to 1 for all the
criteria.
4. 4. Criteria weighting
All the criteria do not have the same importance for the actors that have participated to
the ranking activities. Each criterion was given a relative weight. Following the discussions, it
was agreed that more importance should be given on the criteria cost and impact of climate
changes on groups and vulnerable resources.
The weighting factors given to each criterion are represented in table 4 in the
appendix. Finally, for each option the scoring of each criterion is multiplied by the relative
weight of the criteria in order to obtain a balanced scoring for each criterion.
5. List of priority activities
5. 1. Priority activities ranking

The method used for ranking activities is the multi-criteria analysis (MCA). All the
calculations were carried out using Excel software.
Table 5 in the appendix shows the score given by the NAPA team to each activity with
regards to each criterion.
Table 6 in the appendix shows the standardized score for each option with regards to each
criterion, its standardized total score, its mean standardized score and its ranking.
After the ranking and due to the great number of options, the NAPA team agreed to
suppress all options with mean score below 0.5. These are options N°5, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 19
as shown on table 6 in the appendix.
Thus we obtain, from the 14 remained options, the result shown on table 7 in the
appendix. After standardization we obtain the results shown on table 8 in the appendix.
It can be observed, on table 8 a slight modification of the ranking compared to the
previous steps: option N°1 moving from third to second and option N°16 moving from second
to third.
During the first two steps, all the criteria have the same weight. But during the
following step, the criteria were weighted as indicated above. Following the calculations after
this weighting, we obtain the standardized score for each option with regards to each criterion,
its standardized total score, its mean standardized score as well as its final ranking as shown
on table 9 in the appendix. Slight modifications can also be observed with some option
ranking.
Table 9 in the appendix refers to all the calculations done previously and shows the ranking of
three options.
Table 10 in the appendix presents fourteen options, which were agreed upon resulting in the
fourteen projects identification sheets.
29
5. 2. Projects profiles
A good monitoring of the priority options selected implies the preparation of projects
papers prior to the formulation of the final NAPA. These projects papers are presented below
in form of identification sheets:
30
IDENTIFICATION SHEET 1
Option: Introducing fodder crops species in pastoral areas
Project title: Fodder crops species introduction in pastoral areas
Geographical location
• Rural district of Aderbissanat (Department of Tchirozérine / Agadez Region)
• Rural district of Chétimari (Department of Diffa / Diffa Region)
Sector : Cattle breeding
Justification
The Tadress and Issari areas represent important cattle rearing and transit zones for
livestock drifting towards the North for the “Salt healing”. However, the present practices
consisting of gathering fodder after the rainy season, over grazing during certain periods of
the year, rainfall irregularity and erosion affecting pastoral areas represent limiting factors for
fodder availability throughout the year. The introduction of high-nutritional-value fodder
species can be a sustainable solution to deal with the situation.
This project is in conformity with one of the priority strategic axes of the SRP regarding the
rural sector i.e the agro-sylvo-pastoral development
The final recipients of the project will be the pastors and the agropastors of the concerned
zones.
Overall objective
Improve the fodder production in the project location in order to lessen the adverse effects
resulting from climatic and human factors.
Specific objectives
• Build up fodder stock in order to prevent difficult periods;
• Improve fodder quality and quantity;
• Reduce livestock pressure on the natural resources.
Technical and financial feasibility

Technical feasibility :
• Availability of appropriate fodder crops species;
• Experience related to livestock farming;
• Existing training organizations (technical services and NGOs);
• Needs expressed by the populations during field visits;
• The project objectives match the PRS and SDR orientations.
Financial feasibility
• Support from GEF;
• Contribution from the government;
• Contribution from the local authorities;
31
• Contribution from beneficiary communities ;

• Presence of other projects in the project area (PAC, PACE, PADL,
PPEAP, AZAWAK project, LUCOP, COGERAT, ..).
Expected results
• Fodder crops species production sites are delimited;
• Fodder crops species are introduced and improved;
• Fodder quantity and quality are improved;
• Populations’ capacities are built.
Activities
• Sites identification;
• Identification of the most valuable fodder crop species;
• Public information and awareness on the importance of improved fodder production;
• Seeding and planting of fodder crop species;
• Mastery of cultural techniques ;
• Monitoring and evaluation.
Project related risks

• Delay in the cash outflow ;
• Climatic constraints(droughts);
• Locust invasion;
• Lack of fodder crops seeds .
Institutional set-up
The project will be under the responsibility of the Ministry of Animal Resources
through its decentralized technical services in Tchirozerine and Diffa departments. A running
committee made up of all the parties working with the project will support it. The project will
also collaborate with research centers present in the country.
The project coordination and the implementation monitoring will be carried out by the
National Environmental Council for a Sustainable Development (CNEDD).
Monitoring and evaluation

Monitoring and evaluation indicators
• Fodder crop species covering rate ;
• Number of introduced fodder crop species ;
• Techniques adoption rate;
• Estimated fodder production;
• Increasing the carrying capacity of treated plots.
Monitoring and control mechanism
• Field visits ;
• Mid-term and final assessment with comprehensive reports.
Project duration : Two years

32
Option : Creating Livestock Food Banks
Project title : Promotion of food banks for livestock
Geographic location
• Village of Issari (Rural district of Chétimari/ Department of Diffa/ Diffa Region)
• Villages of Edouk I and Edouk II (Rural district of Kaou/ Department of
Tchintabaraden/ Tahoua Region)
• Rural district of Aderbissanat (Department of Tchirozérine/ Agadez Region)
Sector: Cattle breeding
Justification
In Niger, cattle breeding and agriculture represent the main activities. The large
majority of the populations are either farmers or pastors or both. However, the cattle breeding
activity is seriously affected by the decrease of fodder production and the reduction of
pastoral areas as a result of climatic events.
This situation leads to a high mortality rate amongst the livestock resulting in the
shortage of animal products and ending up with the populations’ impoverishment and
malnutrition amongst the most vulnerable groups (women, children...).
This project which is in conformity with one of the priority strategic axes of the PRS
regarding the rural sector i.e the agro-sylvo-pastoral development is aimed at alleviating the
losses of livestock through an efficient supply of food supplements for livestock (cotton
grains, wheat bran flour, groundnuts cakes...)
Overall objective
Contribute to the improvement of the living conditions of the local populations through the
increase of animal productivity.
Specific objectives
• Ensure the permanent supply of livestock food supplements;
• Alleviate fodder shortage.

Technical feasibility
• Availability of livestock food in the markets;
• Existing livestock farming-related experience;
• Existing training organizations (technical services and NGOs);
33

• The objectives of the project match the PRS and SDR orientations.
• Support from GEF ;
• Contribution from local authorities;
• Contribution from beneficiary communities;
• Presence of other projects in the project location (PAC, PACE, PADL,
PPEAP, AZAWAK project, LUCOP, COGERAT, ..).
Expected results
• Storages are built;
• Initial stocks are supplied;
• Livestock food is available;
• Management committees are set up and trained.
Activities
• Building storages;
• Purchasing and setting up of stocks;
• Training the management committees members;
Project-related risks
• Delay in cash flow;
• Livestock food cost increase;
• Delay in the supply of the stocks.
The project beneficiaries are the rural populations. The Village Development Committee
(CVD) is the contracting authority of the project. A running committee for the livestock food
banks will be set up at the district level with the Animal Resources Service as the focal point.
This committee is made up of:
• The prefect or his representative;
• The mayor of the district or his representative;
• The representative of the traditional authority;
• The representatives of the agriculture, community development, and the agricultural
engineering services.
• A representative of NGOs working in the sector of livestock farming;
• The representative of the producers’ organizations.
The Executive Secretariat of the CNEDD carries out the coordination and the monitoring
of the project implementation.
34

• Number of renewed stocks;
• Number of storages available;
• Quantity of livestock food stored;
• Number of trained committee members.
Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms
• A daily monitoring will be carried out by the Village Development Committee
through the bank management committee throughout the project duration;
• A quarterly (three months) monitoring will be carried out by the running committee in
order to strengthen the local development organizations;
• The evaluation will be carried out by the CVD (self-evaluation) and organization
framework CP, SE/CNEDD.
Project duration: two years.

35
IDENTICATION SHEET 3
Option : Restoring basins for crop irrigation
Project title: Restoration of basins for the promotion of crop irrigation
Geographic location
• Village of Issari (Chetimari rural district/ department of Diffa/ Diffa Region).
sector : Agriculture
Justification
Given the fact that Niger population is mainly rural (85% live in rural area and 80%
practise agriculture) the rural sector must constitute the principal engine of the economic
growth at short and medium term. the agricultural sector represents about 40% of gross
domestic product (GDP) of Niger. Agriculture must thus be used as lever to the economic
growth in rural area. However taking into account climatic uncertainties and of the brittleness
of the Niger ecosystem, the effort of the agricultural development must especially be directed
towards the control of water surface and a better mobilization of underground waters.
The basins in the region of Diffa represent an important zone of agriculture, cattle
breeding and agro-forestry production. The deterioration of agro-ecological areas, resulting
from climatic factors, is affecting the region of Diffa more than anywhere else in the country.
The consequences of this situation are, among other: soils impoverishment, silting up of water
courses leading to the reduction of water flow, and drying of water ponds; habitat destruction
and disappearance of some flora species. This is the case of the basins located in the rural
district of Chetimari, especially in the Issari village vicinity.
The local populations are the beneficiaries of the project. They draw their basic
livelihood from agro pastoral activities and their living conditions have considerably
deteriorated as a result of climatic events.
The implementation of this project will help to restore the basins and improve the
socio-economic situation of the populations in Issari, in particular and in the rural district of
Chétimari in general.
So, the control of water is one of the options of the Strategy of Poverty Reduction, unique
national framework of reference as regards to economic and social development of the
country through irrigated cultures.
Overall objective
Preserve the basins ecosystems in the Chétimari rural district and utilize water resources for
the promotion of crop irrigation.
36
Specific objectives
• Restore the basins ;
• Exploit the restored basins for agricultural development.
• Existing experience on CES/DRS and dunes restoration ;
• Existing experience in crop irrigation ;
• Existing training organizations technical services, NGOs;
• Presence of other projects in the project area (PAC, PAFEN, PADL,
PIP2,PPEAP, Acacia project,..).
Expected results
• The basins are restored;
• Crop irrigation is realized in the basins;
• Crop production has increased.
Activities
• Fixation of sand dunes;
• Building of anti-erosion structures and trees planting;
• Soils enrichment;
• Agricultural exploitation of water resources;
• Capacities building;
• Setting up of management boards;

• Rainfall: insufficient in quantity and ill-distributed;
• Outlet weakness ;
• Delay in cash flow.
37
The project will be under the responsibility of the departmental service of agricultural
development in collaboration with the service of water resources and environment supported
by the running committee including all the parties.
The coordination and monitoring will be carried out by the CNEDD.

• The state of the basins and their surroundings ;
• The restored surface area;
• The area of fixed sand dunes ;
• The length (in meters) of erected fencing;
• The length (in meters) of realized structures;
• Number of trees planted.
Monitoring and evaluation mechanism
• Periodical field visits ;
• Periodical as well as final reports will be requested;
• Mid-term and final assessment of the project will be carried out.
Project duration : Three years.

38
Option : Diversifying and intensifying crop irrigation
Project title: Diversification and intensification of crop irrigation
Geographic location
• Villages of Edouk I and Edouk II (Rural district of Kaou/ Department of
• Urban district of Niamey I (Urban Community of Niamey/ Niamey Region)
Sector : Agriculture
Justification
Following interviews with the populations in the urban district of Niamey I and in the
villages of Edouk I and Edouk II, it was concluded that droughts and sandstorms have led to
the drying up of water ponds; the setting up of water pools, the decrease of ground water and
the diminution of irrigable land. This situation resulted in the decrease of crop yield and
reduction of the biological diversity causing rural drift and deterioration of the populations’
living conditions. The diversification and intensification of crop irrigation can represent an
alternative for improving the populations’ living conditions in these areas.
Indeed, it arises from the Poverty Reduction Strategy, unique national framework of
reference as regards to economic and social development of the country, that the effort of the
agricultural development must especially be directed towards the irrigated cultures through
the control of water surface and a better mobilization of underground waters.
Overall objective
Encourage sustainable crop irrigation productivity in the project areas .
Specific objectives
• Contribute to the satisfaction of basic food needs of the populations;
• Increase the producers incomes;
• Facilitate producers’ access to irrigation areas both in dry and rainy seasons.
Technical feasibility:
• Existing experience on crop irrigation;
• Availability of seeds;
• Existence of training organizations (technical services and NGOs);
39
• Presence of other projects in the project area (PAC, PAFN, PADL, PIP2,
PPEAP, Azawak Project,..).
Expected results
• Irrigation infrastructures are rehabilitated and/ or created;
• The irrigation potential is increased and exploited;
• Land productivity is increased;
• The producers’ revenues are improved;
• Exploitations and other production factors are rationally managed;
• The know-how of the farmers is increased;
• The capacities of technical services are reinforced;
• Rural drift is limited.
Activities
• Restoration and creation of irrigation infrastructures;
• Development and promotion of crop irrigation systems;
• Respect of crop schedule;
• Public awareness for the utilization of appropriate crop species;
• Making agricultural inputs accessible;
• Support for actions of Information, Education and Communication;
• Capacity Building of technical services;
• Improvement of the food and nutritional security of the populations;
• Wells drilling;
• Rainfall: insufficient in quantity and ill-distributed;
• Outlet weakness;
The coordination and monitoring of the project implementation will be carried out by
the National Environmental Council for a Sustainable Development and the implementation
by the local agricultural development service with the collaboration of the local management
committees.

40

• Increase in output;
• Level of producers’ incomes;
• Number of infrastructures restored and/ or created;
• Irrigated area;
• Number of introduced and utilized species;
• Increase in soil fertility;
• Exploitations productivity.
Monitoring ad evaluation mechanisms

• Field visits are organized periodically;
• Intermediate and final reports will be required ;
• Mid-term and final assessment of the project will be carried out.
Project duration : two years

41
Option : Promoting peri-urban market gardening and cattle breeding
Project title: Promotion of peri-urban market gardening and cattle breeding
Sector : Agriculture and cattle breeding
Geographic location : Urban district of Niamey I (Urban Community of Niamey/ Niamey
Region)
Justification
Peri-urban market gardening and livestock breeding practiced by small holders play
an important role in ensuring food security for the populations. But due to soil deterioration,
decrease of the ground water level caused by climate variability and changes, and the use of
rustic farming techniques, the agricultural output remain low. As far as livestock breeding is
concerned, its potentialities made up of 35,000 individuals and some few millions of birds
have so far not been fully exploited due to low food availability as a result of climatic and
human factors. This lessens the development of the traditional livestock farming system.
Presently, these vulnerable smallholders benefit from little support from the local authorities
and government. This project implementation is aimed at building their production capacities
in order to satisfy the ever-growing demand in market gardening and livestock farming
products and improving their incomes and living conditions.
This project which comes within the framework of the national policy as regards to the
search of food security will enable the vulnerable populations to face the deficit of production
relating to climate risks through the creation of the cereal banks.
Indeed, the agro-sylvo-pastoral development and food security constitute one of the strategic
axes defined in the PRS regarding the rural sector. The priority actions envisaged for this
purpose are inter alia: control and knowledge of the productive potential; control of water;
improvement of the exchanges, transformation of the agricultural products, increase of
locally manufactured agricultural equipment , increase in the capacities of decentralized
financing of the rural producers, development of the information system on the markets;
construction of regional infrastructures of storage and seeds conservation.
Overall objective
Contribute to the improvement of the populations’ food security in the Urban Community of
Niamey and the increase of their incomes.
Specific objectives
• Increase the agro-pastoral production;
42
• Enhance the supply and commercialization channels of inputs for gardening and
livestock farming products;
• Capitalize the positive results for their use by other urban centers;
• Build the capacities of farmers and pastors.
• Existing experience on market gardening and livestock farming in the
project location;
• Existence of training organizations (technical services and NGOs);
• Presence of other projects in the project area (PAC, PIP2, PACE..).
Expected results
• Peri-urban market gardening and cattle breeding are reinforced ;
• The capacity building of the technical trainers is reinforced ;
• The production systems and equipment are modernized ;
• The cooperative organizations are vitalized ;
• The producers’ incomes are improved ;
• The food security is improved.
Activities
• Setting up of self-managing animal health services;
• Support for income-making activities through livestock farming for women;
• Enhancing fodder crops production;
• Decentralized supply and management of stocks;
• Constructions of inputs storages;
• Producers training on conservation and transformation techniques ;
• Creation and organization of outlet channels and installation of selling stores;
• Facilitating the products sales ;
• Urbanization ;
• Delay in cash flow ;
• diseases outbreaks (epizooties).
43
The coordination and evaluation of the project activities will be carried out by the
National Environmental Council for a Sustainable Development (CNEDD) and the activities
implementation by the departments of agricultural development and animal resources using a
participatory approach for each category of actors.

Monitoring and assessment indicators
• livestock population growth rate;
• Number of input storages built;
• Number of animal health services set up ;
• Level of producers’ incomes ;
• Irrigated areas ;
• Output improvement.
Monitoring and control mechanism

• Close range monitoring to be carried out at the district and regional level;
• Field visits are done;
• mid-term and final assessment are carried out;
• reports will be issued.

44
Option : Promoting income-making activities and developing mutual benefit societies
Project title: Promotion of income-making activities and development of mutual benefit

societies
Geographic location
• Urban district of Loga (Department of Loga/ Dosso Region)
• Rural district of Aderbissinat (Department of Tchirozérine/ Agadez Region)
• Rural district of Kaou (Department of Tchintabaraden/ Tahoua Region)
• Rural district of Sakabal (Department of Dakoro/ Maradi Region)
• Rural district of Tondikiwindi (Department of Ouallam/ Tillabéri Region)
• Village of Issari (Department of Diffa/ Diffa Region)
• Village of Tamallolo (Department of Tanout/ Zinder Region)
Sector : Agriculture, cattle breeding

Justification
Following the field visits it was concluded that the women and the youth represent the
most vulnerable groups to adverse effects of climate changes. The multi-year droughts
resulting from climate changes have contributed to the decrease of agro pastoral production in
the areas listed above. This situation has caused the departure of able-bodied people towards
urban areas leaving only women and children who are forced into small trading activities.
These activities are mainly based on gardening and the sale of products and by-products from
livestock breeding , which are themselves affected by the adverse effects of climate changes.
In order to improve the populations’ incomes and build their adaptative capacities to the
adverse effects of climate changes, the promotion of income-making activities and the
development of mutual benefit societies become necessary.
The implementation of a project relating to the Promotion of the Incomes Generating
Activities and Development of the mutual benefit societies in the concerned areas will
contribute not only to the improvement of the living conditions of the populations but also to
reach the objectives of the PRS. Thus the development of incomes generating activities
(AGR), through the improvement of exchanges, the transformation of the agricultural
products, the increase of locally manufactured agricultural equipments , the increase in the
capacities of decentralized financing of the rural producers, constitutes a priority for the
Poverty Reduction Strategy.
Overall objective
Contribute to the fight against poverty through the diversification of income-making activities
in the project areas.
Specific objectives
45
• Develop market gardening and intensive livestock farming ;

• Encourage the creation of savings and credit institutions;
• Reinforce economic activities for women and youth.
___________________________________________________________________________

• Existing experiences on income-making activities in the project location;
• Existing training organizations (technical services and NGO);
• Existing raw material;
• The project objectives match the SRP orientations.
• Presence of other projects in the project area ( PAFN, PADL, PAC, PIP2,
PADAZ, AZAWAK project..).
Expected results
• The incomes of women and youth have increased ;
• The outputs from market gardening have improved;
• The animal and milk production improved;
• The nutritional state of the populations improved.
Activities
• Supply of good quality seeds;
• Purchase, rent and land exploitation by women;
• Supply of fodder and monitoring animal health;
• Counseling women on livestock farming and monitoring animal health;
• Reinforcing and creating savings and credit institutions in the project areas;
• Providing a good financing;
• Setting up of management committees for credit allocation ;
• Public information, awareness and training;
• Delay in the cash flow ;
• Seeds shortage;
• Competitiveness of external products.
Institutional setup
46
Due to the multi-sector dimension of the project, its implementation will be carried out
by many ministry departments, especially those in charge of agricultural, animal resources;
communities development, handicrafts, economy and finance, women promotion, youth.
The project beneficiaries are women and youth.
A consultative committee made up of the representatives of the administrative authorities,
district administration, traditional authorities as well as Civil Society will be set up.
This committee will be in charge of project activities and monitoring. As far as the project
coordination is concerned it will be carried out by the Executive Secretariat of the CNEDD.

• Level of target groups’ income and rural drift;
• Number of wells drilled for market gardening;
• Level of product consumption;
• Number of transformation units set up;
• amount of credit allocated and payment rate.
Monitoring and assessment evaluation

• Monthly and mid-term monitoring of the project ;
• Final assessment to be carried out.

47
Option : Water control
Project title : Mobilization of surface water and exploitation of ground water
Geographic location
• Villages of Edouk I and Edouk II, and Kaou rural district (Department of
• Tondikiwindi rural district (Department of Ouallam/ Tillabéri Region)
Sector: Water resources, Agriculture
Justification
Niger rural economy is not very competitive due to limited capacities of the intensive
agricultural production systems and deterioration of the forest resulting from climatic factors
and human actions. This situation is more perceptible in the villages of Edouk I and Edouk II,
Tondikiwindi rural district.
The target beneficiaries will be the populations living in these areas vulnerable to
climate variability and changes, particularly farmers and cattle breeders. The latter will
improve their production techniques to make them more adequate. These populations have
suffered difficult periods due to shortage of natural resources, which represent their
livelihoods.
However, there are unexploited resources and available labor force. Subsequently, a
new vision must be created through the initiation of a project for the mobilization of surface
water and exploitation of ground water in the area.
This project is in line with the national orientations and strategies particularly the PRS
which promote the control of surface water and a better mobilization of underground waters
in order to direct the effort of the agricultural development towards the irrigated cultures
taking into account climate uncertainties and the brittleness of Niger ecosystem.
The project is aimed at creating modern water points for people and their livestock. It
also consists of support for the improvement of crop irrigation and promotion of livestock
farming and forestry activities around the existing, created or restored water points. The
volume of surface water resources to be mobilized will depend on local geological realities.
Overall objective
Contribute to the reduction of poverty and improvement of food security through the
mobilization of water resources.
Specific objectives
48
• Increase the satisfaction rate of people and livestock’s needs in the project areas;
• Improve agricultural productions (agriculture, livestock farming, fisheries);
• Contribute to the environment protection.
• Existing water potentials in the two localities;
• Mastery of water mobilization techniques by the technical services;
• Needs expressed by beneficiaries during field visits;
• Existence of a national strategy for the development of irrigation and the
collection of run-off water (SNDI/CER);
• The project objectives match the PRS orientations.
• Presence of other projects in the project area ( PAC, Azawak Project,
PPEAP, LUCOP, domestic and pastoral water resource resources,
PMET...).
Expected results
• Modern water points for providing drinkable water are created or rehabilitated;
• Stretches of surface water are developed;
• Farming-oriented infrastructures for harnessing ground water (borings, wells,
cesspools, etc) are created or rehabilitated;
• Irrigated crops and small livestock farming are promoted around the water points;
• Fisheries activities are carried out;
• Enrichment planting carried out on the sites.
Activities:
• Creation and/ or restoration of modern water points for providing drinkable water;
• Development of surface water points;
• Building or rehabilitation of ground water harnessing infrastructures intended for the
small irrigation;
• Improvement of crop irrigation around these water points;
• Carrying out fisheries activities;
• Reforestation;
Project-related risks:
• Delay in cash flow
• Rainfall deficit.
49
The project will be implemented under the responsibility of the agricultural
development departments in collaboration with the water resources services. The project will
be supported by a running committee made up of all the parties working with the project. The
coordination and the implementation monitoring will be carried out by the National
Environmental Council for a Sustainable Development (CNEDD).
Monitoring and evaluation:

• Rate of water needs satisfaction;
• Agricultural, forestry and pastoral production growth rate;
• Rate of youth unemployment reduction.

The project will have mid-term and final reviews and field visits as well. Moreover,
intermediate and final reports will be issued.
Project duration: Three years.

50
Option : Producing and disseminating meteorological data
Project title : Production and dissemination of agro-meteorogical data.
Geographic location:
• Chétimari rural district (Department of Diffa/ Diffa Region)
• Loga rural district (Department of Loga/ Dosso Region)
• Sakabal rural district (Department of Dakoro/ Maradi Region)
• Kaou rural district (Department of Tchintabaraden/ Tahoua Region)
• Village of Tamallolo (Department of Tanout/ Zinder Region).
Sector : Agriculture and Cattle breeding
Justification
Multi-year droughts, locust invasion, floods and land deterioration are mainly
responsible for the decrease in agro pastoral production, thus exposing the vulnerable
populations to food insecurity. Information dissemination (agro-meteorogical counseling) as
well as efficient preventive and alleviating measures can contribute to lessen the adverse
effects of climate changes on the production. On the other hand, this information is not well
known to the producers and they are often inadequately utilized. Thus, information
dissemination in rural areas becomes necessary.
the project is in line with the Poverty Reduction Strategy, unique national framework of
reference as regards to economic and social development of the country, as it comes out from
the PRS that the Niger populations being mainly rural, amply justifies that the rural sector
must constitute the principal engine of economic growth at short and medium term. the
agricultural sector represents alone nearly 40% of gross domestic product (GDP) of Niger.
Thus, Agriculture must be used as lever of the economic growth in rural area. The
production and diffusion of agroclimatic information to the rural populations will highly
contribute to their adaptation to rain irregularities .
Overall objective:
Contribute to the achievement of food security for the population in the project areas.
Specific objectives:
• Increase crop production;
• Increase livestock productivity;
• Increase the incomes of the most vulnerable populations in the project area;
51
• Build the populations’ capacities towards a better understanding of climatic events and
early alert system.
• Existing structures for observations, concentration, analysis and
dissemination of data;
• Existing tools for data processing;
• Existing of training organizations (technical services);
• The project objectives match the PRS orientations.
• Presence of other projects in the project area ( PAC, CILSS-SVS project)
Expected results:
• The use of agro-meteorogical counseling by the farmers whose operational planning
is promoted;
• Early alert to climate risk is operational.
Activities:
• Creation of community radios in Kaou, Sakabal, Tondikiwindi and Tamallolo ;
• Identification, with producers, of relevant data to be disseminated ;
• Consultation with stakeholders (local technical services) in charge of data collection
and those in charge of information dissemination (community radios, farmers
organizations, NGOs);
• Training of producers;
• Training of stakeholders in data collection and dissemination;
• Building of meteorological observation network and supply of technical services with
equipment for data collection and processing;
• Collection and transmission of base data;
• Production of agro meteorological bulletins;
• Delay in data flow.
52
Institutional set-up:
The project is under the responsibility of the Ministry in charge of meteorology in
collaboration with the decentralized departments of food crop, animal resources, local NGOs
and community radios. The coordination and monitoring of project activities will be carried
out by the national Environmental Council for a Sustainable Development (CNEDD).

Monitoring and evaluation indicators:
• Number of radio stations created;
• Number of trained people;
• Number of agro-climatic bulletins broadcast;
• Number of producers using these data.

• Annual surveys;
• Field visits;
• Report issued.
Project duration : Three years.

53
Option : Creating food banks
Project title: Promotion of food banks
Geographic location
• Village of Issari (Chétimari rural district/ Department of Diffa/ Diffa Region)
• Aderbissanat rural district (Department of Tchirozérine/ Agadez Region)
• Loga rural district (Department of Loga/ Dosso Region)
• Tanout urban district (Department of Tanout/ Zinder Region)
Sector: Agriculture
Justification
For decades, Niger has, especially in the above-mentioned areas, recorded multi-year
crop deficit leading to food insecurity for rural populations who depend on agriculture for
more than 80%. This situation is mainly related to climate hazards and deterioration of natural
resources under human and natural pressure. This insecurity concerns mainly the most
vulnerable groups made of women and children. To cope with the situation, the populations
eat shortage-periods food (fruits and leaves), sale of domestic appliances, felling and sale of
fuel wood as livelihoods. This project which comes within the framework of the national
policy as regards to food security will allow vulnerable populations to tackle the production
deficit related to climate risks through the creation of food banks.
, agro-sylvo-pastoral development and food security constitute one of the strategic axes
defined in the PRS with regard to the rural sector. The priority actions envisaged for this
purpose are inter alia: control and knowledge of the productive potential; improvement of
food crises prevention and mitigation mechanisms; development of information systems on
the markets; reinforcement of the instruments of food crises management; establishment of
cereal banks; construction of regional infrastructures for seeds storage and conservation.
Overall objective:
Contribute to the improvement of the populations’ living conditions against food insecurity
related to adverse effects of climate changes in the project location.
• Supply foodstuffs permanently;
• Make security stocks;
54
• Reduce food crop deficit.
Technical and financial feasibility:
• Existing foodstuffs in the market;
• Existing training by the technical services and NGOs;
• The objectives of the project match the PRS orientations.
• Presence of other projects in the project area (PAC, PADL, Azawak
project, PPEAP, LUCOP, COGERAT)
Expected results:
• Storages are available;
• Initial stocks are made up;
• Foodstuffs are available;
• Management committees are set up and trained.
Activities:
• Public information and awareness;
• Building of storages;
• Purchase and storing of stocks;
• Stock management;
• Installation of management committees;
• Training of management committee members;
• Stock renewal.
Institutional setup
The beneficiaries being the rural populations, the Village Development Committee
CVD) will be the contracting manager. A running committee of all the food banks will be set
up at the level of each district with the rural development service as focal point. This
committee is made up of:
• The prefect;
• The district mayor or his representative;
• A representative of traditional authorities;
55
• A representative of the agricultural service;

• A representative of Community Development;
• A representative of the NGOs working in the field;
• A representative of the producers’ organization.
The Executive Secretariat of the CNEDD carries out the coordination and monitoring
of the project implementation.

• Number of stocks turnover;
• Number of storages available;
• Quantity of food stocked;
• Number of management committees trained.
Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms:
• A daily monitoring will be carried out by the Village Development Committee
through the management committee of the food bank during the project duration;
• A quarterly monitoring will be carried out by the running committee so as to make the
basic development structures more efficient;
• The management will be carried out by the CVD (self-evaluation), in one hand, and by
all the structures of the running committee, SE/ CNEDD in the other hand.
Project duration: Two years

56
Option: Contributing to fight against climate sensitive diseases
Project title: Contribution to the fight against climate sensitive diseases.
• Loga urban district (Department of Loga/ Dosso Region)
• Kaou rural district (Department of Tchintabaraden/ Tahoua Region)
• Village of Tamallolo (Department of Tanout/ Zinder Region)
• Urban district of Niamey I (Urban Community of Niamey/ Niamey Region)
Sector: Health
Justification
The studies of vulnerability and adaptation carried out during field visits have shown a
close relationship between some climate parameters and the incidence rate of some diseases
such as malaria, meningitis, measles and seasonal respiratory diseases. Beside these diseases,
the extreme variations of climate parameters such as temperature, sandstorms represent a
worsening factor for the propagation of other diseases (eyes irritation). Due to the weak
adaptative capacity of the populations and actors involved in the health sector, building their
capacities to fight efficiently these climate sensitive diseases is urgent.
Thus, the PRS, in the area of health, envisages the following actions among many others:
increase the availability of human, material and financial resources; promotion and
development of IEC activities for health and reinforcement of the monitoring of e diseases
with epidemic potential. Thus this project is in conformity with the objectives of the PRS .
Overall objective
Improve the health conditions of the local vulnerable populations that are exposed to adverse
effects of climate changes.
Specific objectives
• Diminution of the incidence of major climate sensitive diseases on the vulnerable
populations;
• Building the adaptative capacities of the populations to climate conditions causing
these diseases.
57
• Existing integrated health centers in the project areas;
• Existing training organizations (technical services and NGO);
• The project objectives match the PRS orientations;
• The project objectives match those in the Programme for Health
Development.
Presence of other projects in the project area (PAC, PADL, AZAWAK
project, Water resources project DANIDA, LUCOP, PAGRN, COGERAT).
Expected results
• Satisfaction of health needs in the vulnerable areas;
• Building the adaptative capacities of the vulnerable populations;
• Reduction of the incidence rate of malaria, meningitis and measles.
Activities
• Public information and awareness on the practices to avoid climate sensitive diseases;
• Reinforcement of the alert system and management of endemic climate hazards;
• Training of health staff in quantity and quality;
• Distribution of treated mosquito nets;
• Treating mosquitoes hidings with pesticides;
• Equipment of health centers with material, drugs and well-trained staff;

• Lack of products for treatment.
The project will be under the responsibility of the Ministry of health. It will cover the
following zones : Issari, Tamallolo, Loga, Sakabal, Kaou, Tondikiwindi, Aderbissinat and the
urban community of Niamey. It will involve the National Department of Meteorology,
ACMAD, CERMES, SNIS, community radios, NGOs and other actors intervening in the
sector. As far as the coordination and monitoring of project activities are concerned, they will
58
be carried out by the executive secretariat of the CNEDD.

• The incidence rate of climate sensitive diseases;
• The mortality rate linked to these diseases;
• Existing functioning health centers;
• Number of mosquito nets distributed;
• Number of equipped health centers;
• Number of warnings broadcast with regards to diseases outbreak.
• Annual survey;
• Field visits;
• Reports issued.

59
Option: Improving anti-erosion actions (CES/DRS) for agricultural, forestry and pastoral
purposes
Project title: Development of anti-erosion infrastructures (CES/DRS) for agricultural forestry

and pastoral purposes
Geographic location
• Urban district of Loga (Department of Loga/ Dosso Region)
• Rural district of Tondikiwindi (Department of Ouallam/ Tillabéri Region)
Sector: Agriculture, Forestry, livestock farming
Justification
The urban district of Loga and the rural district of Tondikiwindi have experienced a speeded-
up deterioration of natural resources in recent years. This situation results from the adverse
effects of climate changes (droughts, sandstorms, floods...). The installation of the project will
reduce the vulnerability of the populations faced with climate changes adverse effects in one
hand, and fight poverty in the other hand. The populations in these areas will be the target
beneficiaries of the project. The implementation of this project which is in the line with the
orientations in the PRSwill help to reduce deteriorated land and improve the socio-economic
situation of the vulnerable populations.
, thus the actions of CES/DRS are in the center of the national policy of environment
restoration and protection. The environment restoration and protection will be achieved
through inter alia: the rehabilitation of degraded lands by the generalization of CES/DRS
activities which will be carried out by the populations and the formulation of action plan for
the creation and management of agricultural, forest and pastorales stocks
.
The beneficiaries of this project will be the local populations.
Overall objective
Contribute to the restoration of deteriorated zones and fight food insecurity facing the
vulnerable populations.
Specific objectives
• Restore deteriorated lands;
• Preserve natural resources;
• Improve soil productivity;
• Improve the income of the target populations.
60
• Mastery of anti-erosion techniques by the technical services and the
population in the project zone
• Existing training organizations (technical services);
• The project objectives match the PRS orientations;
• The project objectives match those of PAN-LCD/GRN.
Presence of other projects in the project area (PAC, PPEAP, PIP2, LUCOP,
Italy and CILSS Fund, FLCDRPS, Care international).
Expected results
• The deteriorated lands are restored;
• Small nurseries are created;
• Natural resources (water, vegetation) are preserved;
• The populations’ incomes are improved.
Activities
• Creation of small anti-erosion infrastructures;
• Setting up of anti-erosion systems;
• Reforestation, land grassing, creation of small nurseries;
• Sand dunes erection;
• Labor shortage.
Institutional set up
The project will be implemented under the responsibility of the decentralized service
of the Ministry of Agricultural Development in collaboration with the Ministry of Water
Resources and Environment. The project will then be managed by a Village Development
Committee, which will set up a specific sub-committee in charge of operations. The
coordination and monitoring of the implementation will be carried out by the CNEDD.
61

• Level of production reached;
• Number of small infrastructures built;
• Area of restored land.
• Annual surveys;
• Field visits;
• Issuing of reports;
• Installation of monitoring and evaluation structures:
At the local level: Village Development Committee
At the district level: District Development Committee
At the department level: service providers (NGOs, organizations, technical
services)

62
Option: Popularizing animal and crop species that are most adapted to climatic conditions
Project title: Popularization of animal and vegetative species that are most adapted to
climatic conditions
Geographic location
• Rural district of Aderbissinat (Department of Tchirozérine/ Agadez Region)
• Villages of Edouk I et Edouk II (district of Kaou/ Department of Tchintabaraden/
Tahoua Region)
Sector: Agriculture, cattle breeding , Forestry
Justification
Agro-sylvo-pastoral development and food security are one of the strategic axes identified
in the PRS regarding the rural sector. The priority actions envisaged for this purpose are
inter alia: control and knowledge of the productive potential; conservation and valorization
of the genetic resources; creation and rehabilitation of the avicolous centers; reinforcement
of research capacities and technology transfer, construction of regional infrastructures for
seed storage and conservation .
However agriculture, cattle breeding and forestry are sectors depending directly on
climate. In fact, for the past thirty years , the climatic conditions in Niger have been
deteriorating. This results in loss of soils, genetic material and species. This situation is
expressed by the decrease in productions and productivity in the three above-mentioned
sectors. To deal with this situation, the local communities, deeply affected by the adverse
effects of climate changes, must adopt crop species more resilient to present climatic
conditions.
The direct beneficiaries of the project will be the pastors, agro-pastors and farmers of the
concerned zones.
Overall objective
Contribute to the increase of agricultural, forestry and pastoral production in the project area .
Specific objectives
• Popularize animal and crop species most resilient to climatic conditions;
• Facilitate the acquisition of these species by the populations.
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• Availability of species resilient to climate;

• Existence of training by the technical services;
• Contribution from the local authorities;
Presence of other projects in the project area (PAC, PPEAP, LUCOP,
AZAWAK project, Care International...).
Expected results
• The incomes of women and youth have increased;
• Crop productions are improved;
• Animal productions are increased;
• Forestry and pastoral productions are improved.
Activities
• Making the population aware of the advantages related to the species;
• Putting the species to be popularized at the disposal of the population;
• Create nurseries;
• Popularizing of animal and crop species;

• Persistence of droughts;
• Communicable diseases.
The project will be under the responsibility of the Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration
with the Ministries of Animal Resources and Environment through their decentralized
technical services. The project will be supported by the running committee made up of all the
parties working with the project. It will also collaborate with research centers present in the
country. As far the coordination of activities and monitoring of implementation are
concerned, they will be carried out by the Executive Secretariat of the CNEDD.

• Rate of adoption of different species;
• Number of popularized species;
• Number of producers having adopted the chosen species.
64
• Monthly monitoring;
• Mid-term review;
• The evaluation at the end of the project will be carried out.

65
Option: Protecting riversides and restoring silted up ponds
Project title: Protection of riversides and restoration of silted up ponds
• Urban district of Niamey I (Urban community of Niamey/ Niamey Region)
Sector: Water resources
Justification
For many years, the rural district of Aderbissanat and the urban district of Niamey I
have been affected by the adverse effects of climate changes and the high deterioration of
ecosystems. This situation requires Niger to protect watercourses and restore silted up ponds
identified by the communities in the vulnerable areas. Once restored and rehabilitated, these
ecosystems would allow a better supply of water for the vulnerable populations and promote
the development of farming and pastoral activities. The rehabilitation actions will help reduce
solid wastes and increase the volume of water in the ponds and reach a better regulation of
their hydrology. The populations in these localities will be the target beneficiaries of the
project. The implementation of the present project will enable to improve the social and
economic situation of the vulnerable populations.
The action envisaged at this level is in the line with the national policy on water and
cleansing and particularly with one of its four (4) priority axes namely , the improvement of
the knowledge on water resources, their management, and protection as well as
environment conservation .
Overall objective:
Contribute to the protection and restoration of ecosystems to supply the vulnerable
populations with sufficient water resources.
• Contribute to the satisfaction of water needs for livestock and crops;
• Fight against silting up of water ponds;
• Stock water in the ponds for pastoral activities.
• Mastery of riversides protection techniques and rehabilitation of ponds by the technical
66
services and the populations in the two localities;

• Existence of training by the technical services;
• The project objectives match those of the PAN-LCD/ GRN;
• The project objectives match the SDR orientations.
• Presence of other projects and NGOs (PAC, PPEAP, PIP2, LUCOP, COGERAT,
AZAWAK project, Care International...).
Expected results:
• Water needs for livestock and crops satisfied;
• Deteriorated water courses are treated;
• Fisheries activities resumed in the restored ponds.
Activities:
• Building of sand seats to treat water courses embankments;
• Plantation of live fences and erection of other fences;
• Ponds dredging;
The project will be implemented under the responsibility of the technical service of the
Ministry of Agricultural Development. The project will be managed by a Village
Development Committee, which will set up a specific sub-committee in charge of operations.
The coordination and the implementation monitoring will be carried out by the National
Environmental Council for a Sustainable Development.

• Number of ponds rehabilitated;
• Quantity of water supply increased;
• Level of reduction of solid wastes.
• Yearly surveys;
• Field visits;
• Report issuing;
• Establishment of a monitoring and evaluation plan:
At local level: Village Development Committee;
At district level: District Development Committee;
67
At department level: service providers (NGOs, Organizations, technical services) will support
the beneficiary populations in the infrastructures implementation techniques.
Duration: Two years

68
Option: Building material, technical and organizational capacities of rural producers.
Project title: Building material, technical and organizational capacities of rural producers.
Project location:
• Villages of Edouk I and Edouk II (Kaou rural district/ Department of Tchirozérine/
Agadez Region)
• Loga urban district (Department of Loga/ Dosso Region)
Sector: Agriculture, cattle breeding , and Forestry.
Justification
In the above-mentioned localities, the rural sector is affected by the climatic restraints
(droughts, sandstorms), which led to the lessening of agricultural, forestry and pastoral
productions aggravating thus the populations’ living conditions. This was emphasized by the
weakness of adaptation capacities of rural producers on the material, technical as well as
organizational point of view. These producers mainly rely on family production structures and
traditional techniques not very productive.
This project aims at remedying this weakness through the organization and training of rural
producers in order to deal with the adverse effects of climate changes.
This project "Reinforcement of the material, technical and organisational capacities of the
rural producers" is in perfect adequacy with the strategic axis n°3 of the Rural Development
Strategy which constitutes the national framework of reference for all the actions of rural
development. This axis focuses on the reinforcement of the public institutions and e rural
organizations capacities to improve the management of the rural sector.
Overall objective:
Build capacities of rural producers in the project zone to achieve a sustainable development.
• Design and implement, by rural producers, mechanisms allowing them to develop
their own strategies for a better management of the rural sector;
• Develop and improve peasants’ knowledge;
• Build the capacities of rural organizations.
69
Technical and financial feasibility:
• Existing of training organizations (technical services, NGOs);
• Existence of organized structures;
• The project objectives match the PRS and SDR orientations.
• Presence of other projects and NGOs (PAC, PADL, PPEAP, LUCOP,
COGERAT, AZAWAK project, Care International...).
Expected results:
• Infrastructures are rehabilitated, created and developed;
• Processes of decision making for an efficient management of the infrastructures are
designed;
• Know-how of rural actors is updated;
• The productivity of agricultural and pastoral systems is improved;
• The incomes of rural producers are increased;
• Farms and other production factors are rationally managed;
• Rural drift is lessened;
• Food and nutritional security of the populations is improved.
Activities:
• Rehabilitation and creation of infrastructures;
• Support for Information, Education and Communication initiatives by rural producers;
• Support for the creation of adequate financing facilities;
• Support for physical and economic accessibility to inputs;
• Mobility of certain parties working with the project.
The coordination and the implementation monitoring of the project will be carried out
by the National Environmental Council for a Sustainable Development. The implementation
will be carried out by the local technical service in collaboration with local management
committees.
70

• Output growth rate;
• Level of producers’ income;
• Number of rural producers trained;
• Number of infrastructures rehabilitated and/ or created.
Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms:
• Field visits will be carried out;
• Intermediate and final report will be required;
• A mid-term review of the project will be made.

71
6. Elaboration process of the adaptation programme

The process which characterized the NAPA elaboration has been participatory and
replicated at the local and central level as well. The NAPA development objective has been to
contribute to the alleviation of the adverse effects of climate changes on the most vulnerable
populations in the prospect of a sustainable development and fight against poverty in Niger.
6. 1. Contribution from the government
The contribution from the government is mainly about:

• The installation of the National Technical Commission on Climate Changes and
Variability (CNCVC);
• Adoption of a strategy on climate changes and its Action Plan ;
• The establishment of the National Coordination;
• The allocation of premises for the National Coordination;
• The establishment of the Running Committee;
• The provision of support staff;
• The setting up of a multidisciplinary team.
6. 2. Consultative process
6. 2. 1. National consultation
The National Consultation has been characterized by a series of meetings with all the
actors and the setting up of some task forces. These are:
• The Steering Committee ( under the responsibility of the Technical Commission on
Climate Change ) where all the decisions, especially the validation and adoption of
the different documents are made;
• The experts team and task forces which led to the NAPA elaboration;
It should be recalled that some experts, who have contributed to the studies on
vulnerability adaptation of the initial national communication, also took part in the
NAPA process. They are notably the experts in the sectors of water resources,
fishings, wetlands, forestry etc.
• Four concentric circles with actors and stakeholders:
The circle of women;
The circle of producers and peasants;
The circle of NGOs and Associations;
The circle of the media, Information, Education and Communication.
The setting- up of concentration circles was based on the areas vulnerability profiles and the
adaptation problems at the local and on the groups working in the target areas. The role of
these circles has been to give their consultative opinion on issues submitted to them.
In this process four great meetings took place. These are:
• A workshop for the project launching;
• A workshop on adaptation capacity building;
• A workshop for capacity building on the elaboration of selection criteria of priority
activities and the wording of adaptation projects;
• The NAPA popularization.
These meetings gathered all the different actors and those at the central level, in order:
• To supply information on the objectives, approaches, activities and expected results of

72
the NAPA elaboration;

• To build their capacities and inform them on the process of climate changes, the
vulnerability and adaptation on climate changes, the synergy with global agreements
on environment, the steps of NAPA elaboration and the population consulting on the
NAPA process;
• To build capacities on the elaboration of selection criteria of priority activities and on
the wording of adaptation projects;
• To validate the project paper.
6. 2. 2 Local Consultation
Consultation carried out by the experts’ team and task forces took place in each region,
especially in regional capital cities, with the technicians, and administrative and traditional
authorities. These consultations were about their perception of climate changes, the adaptation
strategies, adaptation needs and measures to be taken to face their adaptation needs.
These consultations also allowed the identification of the areas, the populations and the most
vulnerable sectors at the regional level. At the level of vulnerable areas, debates took place
with the populations, local counselors, specialists and administrative, and traditional
authorities in order to record their views on their urgent and immediate needs as regards to
adaptation (cf: Reports of field visits).
In the case of NAPA popularization other consultations are planned in these vulnerable
areas to see with the population and other actors if their needs have been taken into account.
6.3. Institutional set-up
The priority activities of the NAPA will be under the responsibility of the
decentralized services of the Ministries in charge of the sector. These technical services
will be supported by the Local Running Committee made up of all the parties working
with the projects. They will also collaborate, if necessary, with other organizations and/ or
institutions present nationwide.
At the national level, the National Environmental Council for a Sustainable

Development, according to its attributions, will coordinate and monitor the
implementation of the projects.
6. 4. Monitoring and evaluation

The monitoring and evaluation are characterized by the following basic elements:
• Setting up of indicators which would allow to assess the level of the programme
implementation;
• Setting up of a monitoring and evaluation mechanism, especially field visits and
(mid-term or final) review accompanied with reports.
6.5. Adoption mechanism by the government
As mentioned above, the NAPA paper is integrated in the main documents of policies
and strategies adopted by the government of Niger and passed by the National Assembly.
These strategy frameworks included particularly in the PRS (passed in 2002), the SDR
(passed in 2003), the strategy related to climate changes and its plan of action (passed in
2004). The NAPA is perfectly within the scope of these policies and strategies
73
implementation. This led to the support from the government of Niger for its elaboration and
implementation. The NAPA paper will then be submitted to the Cabinet meeting for its final
ratification.
74
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. UNITED NATIONS, Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur les Changements
Climatiques (CCNUCC), 1992
2. UNITED NATIONS, Convention des Nations Unies sur la Diversité Biologique (CDB),
1992.
3. UNITED NATIONS, Convention des Nations Unies sur la lutte Contre la
Désertification (CCD), 1992
4. SE/ CNEDD, Stratégie Nationale et le Plan d’Action en matière Diversité Biologique
(SNPA/DB), 1998
5. SE/CNEDD, Plan National de l’Environnement pour un Développement
Durable (PNEDD), Juillet 1998.
6. SE/CNEDD, Communication Nationale Initiale sur les Changements Climatiques,
November 2000.
7. SE/CNEDD, Programme d’Action National de Lutte contre la Désertification et de
Gestion de Ressources naturelles (PAN/LCD-GRN), 2000.
8. Permanent Secrétariat/ Prime Minister’s Office, Stratégie de Réduction de la Pauvreté
au Niger (SRP), January 2002.
9. Messanh, Ahlinvi, Ben Wisner, Inventaire des catastrophes naturelles et de leur impact
sur les populations les plus pauvres en zone urbaine dans le monde: Asie, Amérique,
Europe, Afrique, 2002.
10. UNFCCC/ LEG, Lignes directrices pour l’établissement de programmes d’action
nationaux aux fins de l’adaptation, Bonn: Groupe d’Experts des Pays les Moins
Avancées, July 2002.
11. GEF, Directives opérationnelles applicables au financement accéléré de l’élaboration de
programmes nationaux d’action pour l’adaptation aux changements climatiques des
pays les moins avancés, 2002.
12. Projet NER/ 97/G33 «Changements Climatiques», Rapport général sur les études de
vulnérabilité et d’adaptation aux changements climatiques actualisées, April 2003.
13. SE/CNEDD, Stratégie Nationale et Plan d’Action en matière de Changements et
Variabilité Climatiques (SNPA/CVC), Ail 2003.
14. Permanent Secretariat/ Prime Minister’s Office, Stratégie de Développement Rural au
Niger, October 2003.
15. Thomas, Jean-Philippe; Broersma, Klaus et al, Sélection et hiérarchisation des options
dans le cadre de l’adaptation. Atelier PANA – UNITAR, Ouagadougou 2003.
16. UNITAR, Compte rendu de l’atelier PANA, Ouagadougou, 2003.
17. SE/CNEDD/PRIPAN, Evaluation des actions menées au Niger dans le domaine de
l’environnement pendant les vingt dernières années, Niamey, 2004.
18. PNUD/PNUE/UNITAR/Programme Changements Climatiques, Programmes d’Action
75
Nationaux d’Adaptation (PANA), une sélection d’exemples et d’exercices tirés des

ateliers régionaux de préparation aux PANA, juillet 2004.
19. UNDP/ GEF Project N° 00039186 « Programme d’Action National pour l’Adaptation »,
SE/CNEDD, Identification et Hiérarchisation des Secteurs, Communautés et Zones
Vulnérables, July 2005.
SE/CNEDD, Rapport de mission sur l’Evaluation Concertée de la Vulnérabilité dans les
régions de Tahoua et Agadez, July 2005.
régions de Maradi, Zinder et Diffa, juillet 2005.
22. UNDP/ GEF Project N° 00039186 «Programme d’Action National pour l’Adaptation»,
régions de Tillabéri, Dosso et la Communauté Urbaine de Niamey, juillet 2005.
23. UNDP/ GEF Project N°00039186 «Inventaire des informations et documents existants
sur les effets néfastes des changements et variabilité climatiques», SE/CNEDD, June
2005.
24. UNDP/ GEF Project N° 00039186 «Inventaire des informations et documents existants
sur les effets néfastes des changements et Variabilité climatiques : informations
pertinentes complémentaires», SE/CNEDD, juillet 2005.
25. UNDP/ GEF Project N° 00039186 «Programme d’Action National pour l’Adaptation»,
SE/CNEDD, Identification et évaluation des phénomènes extrêmes, 2005.
26. UNDP/ GEF, Projet d’Adaptation à Base communautaire (PABC), December 2005.
27. SAP/GC, Fiches annuelles d’identification des zones vulnérables, 2005.
28. Fonds Italie- CILSS de Lutte Contre la Désertification pour la Réduction de la Pauvreté
au Sahel (FLCD-RPS), Document technique d’identification et de sélection des
zones à risques environnemental et social élevés (ZARESE), 2005.
76
APPENDICES
77
APPENDIX I: LIST OF PRODUCED DOCUMENTS IN THE PROCESS
OF NAPA NIGER
Appendix 1.1: Available information and documents
Appendix 1.2: Relevant complementary information
Appendix 1.3: Report on the elaboration of information and documents analysis grid on
the adverse effects of climate variability and changes, and adaptation strategies
Appendix 1.4: Synthesis of existing information on the adverse effects of climate changes
and variability
Appendix 1.5: Assessment of extreme weather events in Niger
Appendix 1.6: Elaboration of priority criteria for the identification and ranking of
sectors, vulnerable areas and communities
Appendix 1.7: Field visits report on the identification and evaluation of areas vulnerable
to adverse effects of climate changes, Tahoua-Agadez axis
Appendix 1.8: Field visits report on concerted evaluation of sectors, areas and
communities’ vulnerability, Maradi-Zinder-Diffa axis
Appendix 1.9: Field visits report on evaluation of vulnerable areas, Tillaberi Urban
Community of Niamey-Dosso axis
Appendix 1.10: Synthesis of concerted evaluation on vulnerability and adaptation
Appendix 1.11: Analysis of strengths and weaknesses of current adaptation measures
Appendix 1.12: Identification of adaptation needs and constraints
Appendix 1.13: Adaptation measures in relation with basic needs
Appendix 1.14: Development of synergies with the post-Rio conventions, policies,

strategies, programmes and projects
Appendix 1.15: Synthesis on adaptation measures
Appendix 1.16: Review and evaluation of criteria used in Niger for projects
identification, selection and decision
Appendix 1.17: Criteria selection of NAPA priority options
Appendix 1.18: Revision of adaptation options
Appendix 1.19: Selection criteria for adaptation activities

78
APPENDIX II: LIST OF TABLES
Appendix II.I: Table 1: Variation (in mm), by 2025, of the monthly average normal rainfall between
1961 and 1990
Stations JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Average Maxi
Tillabéri 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.4 -1.6 -2.6 -3.5 -0.5 3.7 1.9 0.1 0.0 -0.2 3.7
Niamey 0.0 0.0 0.1 -0.4 -3.3 -3.7 -5.3 -0.6 4.9 1.7 0.1 0.0 -0.5 4.9
Dosso 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -2.7 -1.5 1.4 6.8 5.4 2.1 0.1 0.0 1.0 6.8
Konni 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -2.3 -1.4 1.3 5.5 4.2 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.7 5.5
Tahoua 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -1.1 -1.1 1.0 4.4 3.1 1.4 0.0 00 0.6 4.4
Maradi 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -1.3 -1.3 1.5 6.0 4.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.9 6.0
Agadez 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1 1.3 2.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.8
Zinder 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.0 -0.2 4.9 9.5 2.8 0.9 0.1 0.0 1.4 9.5
Gouré 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.6 -0.1 3.5 6.5 2.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 6.5
Mainé 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.5 -0.2 3.8 8.4 2.4 1.5 0.0 0.0 1.3 8.4
Magaria 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -1.5 -0.3 6.3 10.6 3.8 1.4 0.0 0.0 1.7 10.6
N'guigmi 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.3 -0.1 3.0 6.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 6.6
Diffa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.6 -0.1 4.2 8.3 0.7 1.2 0.0 0.0 1.1 8.3
Bilma 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4
Gaya 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.3 -2.4 -0.1 2.8 6.9 5.7 2.8 0.0 0.0 1.3 6.9
Source: Updated general report on vulnerability and adaptation to climate changes, April 2003
Appendix II.II: Table 2: Variation (in °C), by 2025, of the monthly average normal temperature
from 1961 to 1990
Stations JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Average Maxi Mini
Tillabéri -0.3 -0.4 -0.4 -0.4 0.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 0.9 -0.1 -0.5 -0.6 0.2 1.5 -0.6
Niamey 0.0 -0.1 -0.4 -0.5 0.7 2.2 2.6 2.5 1.9 0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.7 2.6 -0.5
Dosso -0.9 -0.7 -0.7 -0.2 1.0 2.4 2.6 2.4 2.1 0.7 -0.8 -1.0 0.6 2.6 -1.0
Konni -0.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.6 1.6 2.1 2.3 1.8 0.8 -0.3 -0.6 0.6 2.3 -0.6
Tahoua 0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.0 0.9 1.3 1.5 0.7 0.0 -0.4 -0.3 0.3 1.5 -0.4
Maradi 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.5 2.2 2.9 3.1 2.6 2.1 1.6 1.4 1.9 3.1 1.0
Agadez 1.9 2.1 2.2 1.1 0.0 -0.9 -1.1 -1.0 -1.0 0.5 1.4 1.5 0.6 2.2 -1.1
Zinder -0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.0 1.9 2.3 1.1 -0.2 -0.5 -0.5 0.4 2.3 -0.5
Mainé 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.7 1.7 2.1 1.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.6 2.1 0.0
Magaria 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.3 2.0 2.8 2.9 2.3 1.5 0.9 0.5 1.4 2.9 0.5
N'guigmi 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.8 1.4 0.4
Bilma 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.6 -0.4 0.1 -0.6 -1.1 -0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.2 -1.1
Gaya 0.4 -0.3 -1.4 -2.2 -1.4 -0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.8 -0.7 0.2 -0.6 0.4 -2.2
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Appendix II.III: Table 3: Variation (in Octas), by 2025, of the monthly normal nebulosity
from 1961 to 1990
Stations JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUIN JUIL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC Average
Tillabéri -1.0 -1.0 -0.8 -0.7 -0.8 0.0 -0.5 -0.3 -0.3 -0.7 -0.9 -1.0 -0.7
Niamey -0.7 -0.8 -0.7 -0.7 -1.0 -0.1 -0.4 -0.3 -0.6 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -0.6
Konni -1.8 -1.9 -1.6 -1.4 -1.7 -1.5 -1.7 -1.4 -1.5 -1.5 -1.8 -1.8 -1.6
Tahoua -1.7 -1.7 -1.5 -1.3 -1.6 -1.2 -1.4 -1.2 -1.4 -1.5 -1.8 -1.8 -1.5
Maradi -1.6 -1.5 -1.4 -1.1 -1.4 -0.8 -1.5 -1.3 -1.3 -1.3 -1.6 -1.9 -1.4
Agadez -2.2 -2.1 -2.2 -1.6 -2.1 -2.2 -2.3 -1.6 -1.8 -1.9 -2.6 -2.5 -2.1
Zinder -2.1 -2.4 -2.2 -1.6 -2.2 -2.1 -2.0 -1.6 -2.1 -2.3 -2.8 -2.5 -2.2
Gouré -1.7 -1.7 -1.5 -0.9 -1.3 -1.4 -1.3 -0.6 -1.2 -2.0 -2.3 -2.6 -1.6
Mainé -1.6 -1.9 -1.8 -1.2 -1.6 -1.7 -2.0 -1.7 -2.0 -1.7 -1.9 -1.8 -1.7
Magaria -1.8 -2.4 -1.8 -1.1 -2.0 -1.9 -1.8 -1.2 -1.5 -1.7 -2.0 -2.3 -1.8
N'guigmi -2.1 -2.2 -1.9 -1.6 -1.7 -1.5 -1.9 -1.7 -1.9 -2.0 -2.4 -2.4 -2.0
Bilma -2.6 -2.1 -2.3 -1.6 -2.0 -2.0 -2.7 -2.9 -1.7 -1.9 -2.8 -2.7 -2.3
Gaya -0.4 -0.6 -0.4 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.2 -0.2 -0.7 0.0
Appendix IV. II Table 4: Weighting coefficient given to each criterion
Criterion WEIGHTING COEFFICIENT

Impact on the economic growth among the poor 2
Impact on vulnerable groups and resources 6
Avoided losses for the poor 2
Synergy with muti-lateral Environmental Agreements, 2
National projects and programs
Cost 6
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Appendix V. II Table 5: Options scoring with regards to each criterion
CRITERIA
N°1 N°2 N°3 N°4 N°5
N°1 4 4 356 9 169
N°2 3 3 200 7 111
N°3 4 3 150 6 100
N°4 3 4 369 6 89
N°5 3 3 238 4 138
N°6 4 3 281 8 150
N°7 2 3 275 8 81
N°8 2 3 213 7 124
N°9 2 4 300 6 60
OPTIONS
N°10 4 4 288 5 80
N°11 2 3 200 5 50
N°12 3 3 213 7 50
N°13 4 4 381 8 138
N°14 3 2 114 6 50
N°15 4 4 311 7 113
N°16 4 4 272 5 50
N°17 3 2 133 3 100
N°18 3 4 294 5 50
N°19 3 2 98 4 80
N°20 4 3 313 3 116
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Appendix VI. II Table 6: Standardized total score and average standardized score and ranking of
each option with regard to each criterion in the options ranking
CRETERIA
N°1 N°2 N°3 N°4 N°5 Total Average Ranking
N°1 1 1 0.91 1.00 0.00 3.91 0.78 3
N°2 0.5 0.5 0.36 0.67 0.49 2.51 0.50 14
N°3 1 0.5 0.18 0.50 0.58 2.76 0.55 11
N°4 0.5 1 0.96 0.50 0.67 3.63 0.73 6
N°5 0.5 0.5 0.49 0.17 0.26 1.92 0.38 18
N°6 1 0.5 0.65 0.83 0.16 3.14 0.63 8
N°7 0 0.5 0.63 0.83 0.74 2.70 0.54 12
N°8 0 0.5 0.41 0.67 0.38 1.95 0.39 17
N°9 0 1 0.71 0.50 0.92 3.13 0.63 8

OPTIONS
N°10 1 1 0.67 0.33 0.75 3.75 0.75 5
N°11 0 0.5 0.36 0.33 1.00 2.19 0.44 15
N°12 0.5 0.5 0.41 0.67 1.00 3.07 0.61 10
N°13 1 1 1.00 0.83 0.26 4.09 0.82 1
N°14 0.5 0 0.06 0.50 1.00 2.06 0.41 16
N°15 1 1 0.75 0.67 0.47 3.89 0.78 3
N°16 1 1 0.61 0.33 1.00 3.95 0.79 2
N°17 0.5 0 0.12 0.00 0.58 1.20 0.24 20
N°18 0.5 1 0.69 0.33 1.00 3.53 0.71 7
N°19 0.5 0 0.00 0.17 0.75 1.41 0.28 19
N°20 1 0.5 0.76 0.00 0.45 2.71 0.54 12

82
AppendixVII.II: Table 7: Second options scoring with regard to each criterion
CRITERIA
N°1 N°2 N°3 N°4 N°5
N°1 4 4 356 9 169
N°2 3 3 200 7 111
N°3 4 3 150 6 100
N°4 3 4 369 6 89
N°6 4 3 281 8 150
N°7 2 3 275 8 81
OPTIONS
N°9 2 4 300 6 60
N°10 4 4 288 5 80
N°12 3 3 213 7 50
N°13 4 4 381 8 138
N°15 4 4 311 7 113
N°16 4 4 272 5 50
N°18 3 4 294 5 50
N°20 4 3 313 3 116
Appendix VIII.II: Table 8: Standardized score, total and average standardized score and ranking of
each option with regards to each criterion in the options ranking in the second step
CRITERIA
N°1 1,00 1,00 0,89 1,00 0,00 3,89 0,78 2
N°2 0,50 0,00 0,22 0,67 0,49 1,87 0,37 14
N°3 1,00 0,00 0,00 0,50 0,58 2,08 0,42 12
N°4 0,50 1,00 0,95 0,50 0,67 3,62 0,72 6
N°6 1,00 0,00 0,57 0,83 0,16 2,56 0,51 9
N°7 0,00 0,00 0,54 0,83 0,74 2,11 0,42 12

OPTIONS
N°9 0,00 1,00 0,65 0,50 0,92 3,07 0,61 8
N°10 1,00 1,00 0,60 0,33 0,75 3,68 0,74 5
N°12 0,50 0,00 0,27 0,67 1,00 2,44 0,49 10
N°13 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,83 0,26 4,09 0,82 1
N°15 1,00 1,00 0,70 0,67 0,47 3,83 0,77 3
N°16 1,00 1,00 0,53 0,33 1,00 3,86 0,77 3
N°18 0,50 1,00 0,62 0,33 1,00 3,46 0,69 7
N°20 1,00 0,00 0,71 0,00 0,45 2,15 0,43 11

83
Appendix IX.II Table 9: Standardized average score and ranking of each option with regards to
each criterion in the options ranking in the second step after weighting
CRITERIA
N°1 1,00 1,00 0,89 1,00 0,00 3,89 0,65 7
N°2 0,50 0,00 0,22 0,67 0,49 1,87 0,43 13
N°3 1,00 0,00 0,00 0,50 0,58 2,08 0,58 9
N°4 0,50 1,00 0,95 0,50 0,67 3,62 0,66 6
N°6 1,00 0,00 0,57 0,83 0,16 2,56 0,54 11
N°7 0,00 0,00 0,54 0,83 0,74 2,11 0,40 14
OPTIONS
N°9 0,00 1,00 0,65 0,50 0,92 3,07 0,54 11

N°10 1,00 1,00 0,60 0,33 0,75 3,68 0,80 2
N°12 0,50 0,00 0,27 0,67 1,00 2,44 0,60 8
N°13 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,83 0,26 4,09 0,73 4
N°15 1,00 1,00 0,70 0,67 0,47 3,83 0,75 3
N°16 1,00 1,00 0,53 0,33 1,00 3,86 0,87 1
N°18 0,50 1,00 0,62 0,33 1,00 3,46 0,72 5
N°20 1,00 0,00 0,71 0,00 0,45 2,15 0,56 10
Appendix X. II Table 10: List of priority options and their ranking
4/24/2006Option Ranking
Introducing fodder crop species in pastoral areas 1
Creating Livestock Food Banks 2
Restoring basins for crop irrigation 3
Diversifying and Intensifying crop irrigation 4
Promoting peri-urban market gardening and livestock farming 5
Promoting income-generating activities and developing mutual benefit societies 6
Water control 7
Producing and disseminating meteorological data 8
Creating Food Banks 9
Contributing to fight against climate-related diseases 10
Improving erosion control actions (CES/DRS) for agricultural, forestry and pastoral
purposes 11/12
Disseminating animal and crop species that are most adapted to climatic conditions 11/12
Watershed protection and rehabilitation of dump-off ponds 13
Building of material, technical and organizational capacities of rural producers 14

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REPUBLIC OF NIGER

NATIONAL ADAPTATION PROGRAMME OF ACTION

LIST OF NAPA EXPERTS AND CONTRIBUTORS

Names Profile Organization Contact

Bako Safi Solange Sociologist PANA 722559

Kamayé Maâzou Physicist UAM 987470

Harouna Oumarou Forestry specialist DE/MHE/LCD 879865

Abdoulaye Issa Energetic specialist NGO-EDER 891014

Manou Aï Economist SE/CNEDD 722559

Sitta Aïssatou Agro meteorologist DMT/MT 732160/964613

Daouda Mamadou Agro meteorologist DMT/MT 732160

Ahmadou Mahamadou Forestry specialist Consultant 973222

Hubert Ndjafa Ouaga Geographer AGRHYMET 733116

Dan-Bakoye Chaïbou Statistician-Planner ME/F/CCD 997655

Gousmane Moussa Geographer SE/CNEDD 722559

Garba Radji Hydrologist DRE/MHE/LCD 723889/967752

Moussa Hassane Agroforester INRAN/MDA 980457

Dieudonné Goudou Garba Energy specialist HCAVN 732313/895411

Abdou Ibrahim Ayayi Energy specialist MME 936530

Pr A. Ben Mohamed Physicist UAM 732713/14

Chaibou Mamane Environmentalist DE/MHE/LCD 933399

Tchousso Mahaman Planner SE/CNEDD 722559

Attari Boukar Forestry specialist SE/CNEDD 722559

Mme Boubacar Zalia Planner SE/CNEDD 722559

Pr Boureima Ousmane Hydro geologist UAM 733519

Idrissa Mamoudou Environmentalist SE/CNEDD 722559

ACMAD: African Center of Meteorological Application on Development

RGPH: Population and Housing General Census

This process got the following results:

1. Introducing fodder crop species in pastoral areas;

All these activities were translated into project identification sheets.

1. Introduction and parameters

m/s). But instant high-speed winds (> 40 m/ s) can be recorded.

Thus, four climatic zones are observed in Niger (Diagram 1):

Diagram 1: Climatic zones in Niger (source: National Meteorological Department, average

1.1. 2 Socio-economic characteristics

In 2005, the country’s standard of living is characterized by:

(Source: INS/ME/F, 2005).

1. 2. Pressures on the environment

1. 3. Disruptions caused by climate variability and changes

1. 3. 1. On the biophysical processes

1.3.2 On key sectors

of fodder crop species.

2. Framework of adaptation programme

2. 1. Climate variability and changes observed and forecast

2. 1. 1. Climate variability and changes observed

Diagram2: Annual average rainfall abnormalities from 1961-2004

Figure 3: Annual average minimum temperature abnormalities from 1961-2004

Source: National Meteorological Department, 2006.

Figure 4: Annual average minimum temperature abnormalities from 1961 to 2004

2.1.2. Forecast climate variability and changes

2. 2. Adverse effects of Climate variability and changes

Some other extreme weather events are also recorded:

Some of these measures are:

• Creation of the National Technical Committee on Climate Changes and Variability in

The specific objectives of the NAPA are:

• Ensure a broad dissemination of activities towards stakeholders, actors and other

• Encouraging rural populations’ access to economic opportunities in order to create the

• Building the capacities of public institutions and rural organizations in order to