Electrical Machines 2 Lab:

Experiment No. :07

Experiment Name:The Capacitor-start motor.
Section:E

Submitted by:
1. Ahmed Bin Mustafa 15-28526-1
Group Members:
2. Bayzid Ahmed 18-39068-3
3. Atiya,Mst.Nurey Chomon 17-33371-1
4. Md. Ruhul Amin 18-39081-3
5.Hridoy, MD.Mohibul Islam 18-39076-3

For Faculty Use Only

Faculty Comments :

Total Marks :

Marks Obtained :

Date of performance:08.03.20

Date of Submission: 07.05.2020

Title: The Capacitor-Start Motor

Abstract: Connect the positive terminal of a small hobby motor to the first terminal of a resistor.
Connect the second terminal of the resistor to the positive terminal of the capacitor. Use a
resistor in the 10K-ohm to 100K-ohm range at first. The capacitor should be in the 1- to 100-
farad range. A run capacitor uses the charge in the dielectric to boost the current which provides
power to the motor. It is used to maintain a charge. In AC units, there are dual run capacitors.

Introduction: Capacitor-Start motor is one type of single-phase induction motor where the
condenser is used to start. A Capacitor Start Motors are a single phase Induction Motor that
employs a capacitor in the auxiliary winding circuit to produce a greater phase difference
between the current in the main and the auxiliary windings. The name capacitor starts itself
shows that the motor uses a capacitor for the purpose of the starting. The figure below shows the
connection diagram of a Capacitor Start Motor.

Theory and Methodology:

The capacitor start motor has a cage rotor and has two windings on the stator.They are known as
the main winding and the auxiliary or the starting winding. The two windings are placed 90
degrees apart. A capacitor CS is connected in series with the starting winding. A centrifugal
switch SC is also connected in the circuit[1].

Figure 1: Capacitor start motor [1]

In two-phase machines, where the windings are identical but displaced in space by 90▫, the ideal
time phase displacement of the winding currents is 90▫.For both two-phase and split-phase
motors the torque developed at starting can be calculatedusing the relationship:T =
kI1I2sinαwhere k is a machine constant, I1 and I2 are the currents in the windings, and α is the
angle between the currents.Because of the small magnitude of α in the split-phase machine the
developed torque isrelatively low. It is possible to increase α by adding capacitance in series with
the auxiliary winding. If too much capacitance is added, the impedance of the winding is
increased to the point that there is an unacceptable reduction in the current which more than
offsets the benefit gained from increasing α.The optimum value of C is that where the product of
the sine of α and the auxiliary winding current is amaximum[2].The capacitor run motor is very
useful in this type of application, because the motor can be designed to have low vibration under
full-load. The capacitor serves to shift the phase on one of the windings so that the voltage across
the winding is at 90° from the other winding, thus making the capacitor run motor a truly two-
phase machine at its rated load. Since the capacitor remains in the circuit at all times, no
centrifugal switch is required. When running at no-load, the motor is always noisier than at full-
load, because only under full load it runs as a true two-phase machine. If the proper value of
capacitance is chosen, the currents through each of the two equal stator windings (under full-
load) can be made such that the power factor is close to 100%. However, the starting torque is
rather low and the capacitor run motor is not recommended for severe starting conditions[3]. In a
capacitor-start motor a capacitor is included in series with the auxiliary winding as shown in.The
auxiliary winding and the capacitor are disconnected at about 75% of the synchronous speed.
Therefore, at the rated speed the capacitor start motor operates only on the main winding like a
split-phase motor. Capacitor-start motor The need for an external capacitor makes the capacitor
start motor somewhat more expensive than a split phase motor. However, a capacitor start motor
is used when the starting torque requirements are 4 to 5 times the rated torque as shown in
Torque-speed characteristic of a capacitor start motor [4].

Apparatus:

DESCRIPTION MODEL

Capacitor- Start Motor 8251

AC Ammeter 8425

AC Voltmeter 8426

Single-Phase Wattmeter 8431

Electrodynamometer 8911

Power Supply 8821

Hand Tachometer 8920

Connection Leads 8941

Timing Belt 8942

Experimental Procedure:

1. Using your capacitor-start motor, Power Supply,AC voltmeter and AC ammeter, connect
the circuit shown in figure 0-1.Note that the fixed 240V ac output of the Power Supply,
terminal 1 and N are being used.
 0-15A AC

1
A
240V ac
MAIN
N 1 2
Figure 2: Main Winding connected with AC Ammeter [2]

2. Turn on the Power supply switch and measure the current through the main winding as
quickly as possible –within 10 second.

Imain winding = ________________A ac

3. a) Disconnect the leads from the main winding and connect them to the auxiliary winding
and capacitor, as shown in Figure 0-2.

b) Repeat procedure 2.

Note:Remember to take your measurement as quickly as possible.

Iauxiliary winding = ____________ A ac

0-15A AC

1
A
240V ac
AUX 86μF
N 3 4 5

Figure 4: Main and auxiliary winding and capacitor [2]

4. a. Connect both windings in parallel, terminals 1 to 3 and 2 to 5 as shown in figure 03.

 0-15A AC

1
A
240V ac
MAIN
1 2
AUX 86μF
N 3 4 5

Figure 3: Auxiliary winding and capacitor [2]

b) Couple the electrodynamometer to the capacitor-start motor with the timing belt.
c) Connect the input terminals of the electrodynamometer to the fixed 240 V ac output of the
power supply, terminals 1 and N.
d) Set the electrodynamometer control knob at its full cw position to provide a maximum starting
load for the capacitor-start motor.
e) Turn on the power supply switch and measure the starting current as quickly as possiblewithin
3 second.

Istarting = __________________A ac

5. Compare your result from Procedures 2,3 and 4 with the result from Procedures 2,3 and 4
of previous Laboratory.

a) What conclusions can u make about the main windings currents?

b) What conclusions can you make about the auxiliary windings currents?

c) What conclusions can you make about the starting current for each type of motor?
 6. Using your single-phase wattmeter, Electrodynamometer, AC ammeter and AC Voltmeter,
connect the circuit shown in figure 0-4

CAPACITOR-START MOTOR
0-5Aac

4 A

0-250
1 3
240V ac W Vac V
2 4
1 2
7
6
3 4
N 5

Figure 5: single-phase wattmeter, Electrodynamometer, AC ammeter and AC Voltmeter,

connected [2]

Note that the module is wired as standard capacitor-start motor.

7. a) Couple the Electrodynamometer to the capacitor start motor with the Timing Belt.

b) Connect the input terminals of the Electrodynamometer to the fixed 240V ac

output of the Power supply.

c) Set the Electrodynamometer control knob at its full ccw position to provide
minimum starting load for the capacitor-start motor.
8. a) Turn on the power supply and adjust for 240 V ac.

b) Measure the record in Table 1. the line current, the power and motor speed.

c) Repeat (b) for each of the torques listed in the table.

d) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.

9. a) Calculate and record in the table, the apparent power delivered to the motor for each of
the listed torques.

b) Calculate and record in the table, the developed power for each of the listed torques.
Torque I S Pin SPEED Pout
N-m A VA W r/min W
0 1.9 418 110 1483 0
0.3 2 440 180 1464 45.99
0.6 2.19 481.8 245 1444 90.73
0.9 2.29 503.8 320 1421 133.93
1.2 2.6 572 400 1320 359.40

10. You will now determine the maximum starting torque developed by the Capacitor-start
motor. This torque is too high to be measured directly by your Electrodynamometer.
However you can calculate it by measuring the torque developed when the motor is
supplied with a lower voltage 120V ac, which is half the rated voltage.

a) Disconnected the single-phase Wattmeter, AC Ammeter and AC voltmeter from your

circuit.
b) Set the Electrodynamometer control knob to its full ccw position(for maximum
loading).
c) Turn on the power supply switch and adjust the voltage applied to the motor 120V ac.
Measure the developed torque on the Electrodynamometer scale. Open the power
supply switch.
Starting Torque(120Vac) = N-m

d) Calculate the starting torque developed by the motor when supplied with 240V ac.
The starting torque nearly proportional to the square of the applied voltage, thus the starting
torque obtained at 240v would be four times greater than at 120V. Starting Torque(240Vac) =
N-m

Discussion: The Capacitor Start Capacitor Run Motor has a cage rotor, and its stator has two
windings known as Main and Auxiliary Windings. The two windings are displaced 90 degrees in
space. There are two capacitors in this method one is used at the time of the starting and is
known as starting capacitor. The other one is used for continuous running of the motor and is
known as RUN capacitor.
Conclusion: This type of motor is quiet and smooth running. They have higher efficiency than
the motors that run on the main windings only. They are used for loads of higher inertia requiring
frequent starts where the maximum pull-out torque and efficiency required are higher. The Two
Value Capacitor Motors are used in pumping equipment, refrigeration, air compressors, etc.

Reference:

[1].https://circuitglobe.com/capacitor-start-induction-motor.html

[2].AIUB lab manual

[3].https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://technical.wjsco.ir/wp-
content/uploads/2017/04/Lab-11-Capacitor-start-and-capasitor-run-motors-
1.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjJ_uGy0ZzpAhXjH7cAHTBiD6EQFjAVegQICRAB&usg=AOvVaw3s-
t3srfazFzHjtbmQEbsj&cshid=1588680874260

[4].https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332835464_Characteristics_Study_of_Capacitor-
Start_Induction_Motor