v;;;ro:RMATION AND STRE SSES IN COMPOSITE STRU CTURES

:
If a baf is made up of two or more differ ent mate rials, it is calle d
comp osite secti on.
for example.
_ steel and copp er copp er and alum inium
- steel and brass concr ete and steel etc.

p
Cons ider the comp osite bar show n
in Fig. 8.60.
Let,
MATERlAL- 1
P = Total load on the bar,
A 1 = Area of bar 1,
A-;_= Area of bar 2,
E1 = Modu lus of elasti city of bar 1,
Ei = Modu lus of elasti city of bar 2,
P 1 = Load share d by bar 1,
P2 = Load share d by bar 2,
FIG. 8.51

For comp osite bars :

(i) Elong ation or contr actio n of each bar is same , hence the
strain is equa l for
each bar.
(ii) Total exter nal load on the comp osite bar is equal _ to the
sum of the loads
carrie d by the differ ent mater ials.

a
. . . (i) e=-
E1 E2 E
Here, E 1 is know n as modu lar ratio.
E2
Now,
p
cr = -
p = pl + P2 A
COMPOSITE STEE L-CON CRETE COLUM N
p = cr 1A1 + crA ... (ii)
 Example- : A copp er rod of 20 mm diam eter is place d inside the steel tube
:ofexternal diam eter 25 mm and inter nal diam eter 22 mm. The tube and rod
.·ue500 mm l ong and are rigid ly conn ected toget her at the ends. Find the value
:ftbe external load P carri ed by the assem bly if the stres s in steel is limite d
miso N/mm 2 • Take E 5 = 200 kN/m m2 and Ee = 100 kN/m m 2 •
 E = 20 0 l{_N / mn1 2
s
Ee = 10 0 kN/u11n 2
2
0-
5
= 15 0 N /m m
As = ~ X ( 25 2 - 22 2 )
4 '
= 11 0. 74 m rn 2
Ac = ¾x 20 2
= 314. 15 01 01
2

O's O'c
-= COPPER ROD
Es Ee d=20Mri
Es FIG . 8.52
... crs - ·O 'c
Ee
3
20 0 X 10 a
... O' s=
10 0 X 103 C
... O's = 2 crc
... 15 0 = -2 crc
... crc = 75 N/ m m 2
No w, p = crsAs + crc·Ac
= 15 0 X 11 0. 74 + 75 X 31 4. 15
= 40 17 2. 25 N
... IP = 40. 172 kN ]
 Example-- : A load of 2000 kN is applied on a short con c rete column 50
x 500 mm, reinforced with four nos. of 10mm dia. steel bars. Find stresses in O m ill
5 2 concr~
and steel. Take value of E for steel as 2 .1 x 10 N/mm and for concrete 14 -~
N/mm2. . . x Ioi

S olution :

7t
~ = 4 X X 102 = 314.15 rnm2
4

Agross = 500 x 500 = 250000 mm2

RCC COLUMN
SECTION ,P = 2000 kN = 2000 x 103 N

= 250000 - 314.15
FIG. 8.55
= 249685.85 mm2

2.1 X 105
==----a
l.4xl0 4 c

cr S = 15 cr C

p = as ~ + cr c . Ac
 Exa mp le - : Tw o bra ss rod s eac h 10 mm dia met er and one ste el
rod 16 ·m m
diameter tog eth er sup por t a loa d of 50 -kN as sho wn in fig.
8.5 7. Fin d stre ss in eac h
rods . E 5 = 2 x 10 5 N/m m 2 , Eb = 1 x 105 N/m m 2 •
Sol utio n : _

1C
'As
= -4 X 16 2

= 201 .06 mm 2

1t
Ab= 2 x - x 10 2
4
= 157 .06 Inm 2
 l5 = 300 mm.

lb = 200 mn1
50kN
2
E s = 2 x 105 N/mm ,
2 BRASS - ~ /
Eb = 1 x 10 5 N/mm
BRAss
decrease in length of steel 2001"'tr,
bar and brass bar will be equal.
bl5 = D~
cr x ls crb x lb
-5 - = - - -
Es Eb

as = -Es x -lb x ab
Eb lg
FI G. 8.57
2 X 10 5 200
= · x--cr
1 X 10 5 300 b

cr 5 = 1.33 crb

p = PS + Pb
p = cr s As + cr b Ab
50 x 103 = 1.33 crb x 201.06 + crb x 157.06
50 X 10 3 = 424.47 crb
crb = j117.80 N/mm2 (MPa) j
cr 5 = 1.33 x 117.80

= j156.67 N/mm 2 (MPa) j

 ii:asnple - : In a R..c .c . column of ti:te 300 mm x 300 mn1 the nrco 11(
concrete i.A 35 time• more than the •rea of t1teel wkil~ t he pt-rntis siblc
roroprcssive s ti e.•• ln steel l~ 35 tltnea n1ore tha n tbe pcnntss lble stres~ tn
concrete , If the t ot al lood ou the column is 875 kN ~ ftnd the va ltte of stress ln
concrete and atcel.
Soh1tton :
D11ta : Colurnn sl Zl" ==- 300 nun x 300 'm m
A~= 300 x 300 = 90 .000 mrn 2
Ac = :35 A.8
0 8 c: 35 o <'

A5 = ~ • A-c
I\ ~ = 90 ,000 - 35 A~
~

36 A 8 = 90,000
As ::: 2500 mm 2
~ :::: 35 As
= 35 X 2500
::: 87500 rnrn 2
W-e kn ow that,
p = p 5 + pc
p = o s As + a c . Ac ,...
,. -
875 x l Q3 == 3 5 cr c x 2b00 , X 8 t 500
-r crc .
875 x l Q3 ::: 175000 Oc

:. \crc"' 5 N/ mm2 J
•,• cr" ~ 35 oc
;; :3 5 X 5