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Chapter 1 - Introducing Data Structures and Algorithms - 4 PDF

This document outlines bubble sort, an algorithm for sorting data in an array. It explains that bubble sort works by repeatedly swapping adjacent elements that are in the wrong order until the array is fully sorted. The algorithm makes multiple passes through the array, and on each pass, the largest element bubbles up to the end of the array. Pseudocode and C/C++ code are provided to demonstrate how bubble sort is implemented. Finally, the document notes that bubble sort has an asymptotic time complexity of O(n^2), as each pass requires n-1 comparisons and there are n total passes needed. Homework is assigned to implement bubble sort and explain the code through comments and a flowchart.

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67 views

Chapter 1 - Introducing Data Structures and Algorithms - 4 PDF

This document outlines bubble sort, an algorithm for sorting data in an array. It explains that bubble sort works by repeatedly swapping adjacent elements that are in the wrong order until the array is fully sorted. The algorithm makes multiple passes through the array, and on each pass, the largest element bubbles up to the end of the array. Pseudocode and C/C++ code are provided to demonstrate how bubble sort is implemented. Finally, the document notes that bubble sort has an asymptotic time complexity of O(n^2), as each pass requires n-1 comparisons and there are n total passes needed. Homework is assigned to implement bubble sort and explain the code through comments and a flowchart.

Uploaded by

klsfjldsfl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Royal University of Phnom Penh

Faculty of Engineering

Data Structures and Algorithms

Chapter 1
Introducing Data Structures and Algorithms

DR. SRUN SOVILA


Outline
2

 Arrays
 Ordered Arrays
 The Bubble Sort
 The Insertion Sort
Outline
3

 Arrays
 Ordered Arrays
 The Bubble Sort
 The Insertion Sort
Bubble Sort1
4

 For what sorting?


 Arrange names in alphabetical order, students by grade,
customers by zip code,…
 Sorting data is a preliminary step to search; E.g. applied
Binary search to sorted data, is much faster then linear search
 For example of Unordered and Order data

The Unordered (by Height) Baseball Team The Ordered (by Height) Baseball Team
Bubble Sort: How Does It Work?
5

1. Start from left end of line, and


compare the two players in
position 0 and 1;

2. If the player on the left (in


position 0) is taller, swap
them. Otherwise, do nothing;

3. Then, move over one position


and compare the players in
positions 1 and 2. Again, if the
player left is taller, swap them.
Bubble Sort: End of First Pass
6
 The tallest player will be swapped every time, compare two kids,
until eventually he (or she) will reach the right end of the line
 After this first pass, it was (n-1) comparisons (where n – number of
players), and somewhere 0 and (n-1) swaps
 The item at the end of the array is sorted and won’t be moved again

End of First Pass

 Then, go back to the left end of the line, compare player 0 and 1
again, and so on to the right. At this time (second pass), will stop at
position (n-2), because the last position (n-1) is the tallest. Continue
this process until all the players are in order.
Bubble Sort: Code in C/C++
7

for( i=0; i<nElems‐1; i++ ){        //number of sorted elements or ith pass
for( j=0; j<nElems‐i‐1; j++ ){ //circle to take the tallest to the right end
if( arr[j] > arr[j+1] ){    //if the left is taller? 
tmp = arr[ j ];             /*swap arr[ j ] and arr[ j+1 ] */
arr[j] = arr[ j+1 ];
arr[ j+1 ] = tmp;   
} //End if
} //End j loop
}  //End i loop

Please try with Bubble sort animation, here:http://cathyatseneca.github.io/DSAnim/web/bubble.html


Bubble Sort: Efficiency
8

 If n – number of items in the array


 So for the 1st pass there are (n-1) comparisons, 2nd
pass there are (n-2) comparisons, and so on.
 Thus, total of comparisons is:
(n-1) + (n-2) + (n-3) + … + 1 = n*(n-1)/2
 Because constants do NOT count in Big-O notation,
we can say that the bubble sort runs in O(n2) time.
Homework Mon., 26-Oct.-2015
submit to: @ 15:00
[email protected]
9

 Write a function, which will sort data of array by ascending or


descending with Bubble sort algorithm (Option ascending or
descending will be input by user);
 Explain your codes by comments;
 Draw flow chart of your source codes.
10

To be continued…

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