JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD

PRETENSIONED SPUN HIGH STRENGTH

CONCRETE PILES
JIS A 5337-1982

Translated and Published

By
Japanese Standards Association

Printed in Japan

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 JIS A 5337
(1982)

Pretensioned Spun High Strength Concrete Piles

1. Scope:

This Japanese Industrial Standard specified the centrifugally spun prestressed high strength
concrete piles which have been manufactured by pretensioning to make compressive strength of
800kgf/cm2 {7.85 kN/cm2} or more, hereinafter referred to as the “PHC piles”.

Remark: The units and numerical values given in { } are in this standard in accordance with
the International System of Units (SI), and are appended for reference.

2. Types:

PHC piles shall be classified into Classes A, B and C according to the effective prestress (1),
as shown in Table 1.

Note (1) The effective prestress is the numerical value obtained by the calculating formula.

Table 1
Effective
Outside Length m
prestress Thickness
Type diameter
Kgf/cm2 mm
mm
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
{N/cm2}
A 40 {392} O O O O O O O
B 80 {785} 300 60 O O O O O O O O O
C 100 {981} O O O O O O O O O
A 40 {392} O O O O O O O O O
B 80 {785} 350 60 O O O O O O O O O
C 100 {981} O O O O O O O O O
A 40 {392} O O O O O O O O O
B 80 {785} 400 65 O O O O O O O O O
C 100 {981} O O O O O O O O O
A 40 {392} O O O O O O O O O
B 80 {785} 450 70 O O O O O O O O O
C 100 {981} O O O O O O O O O
A 40 {392} O O O O O O O O O
B 80 {785} 500 80 O O O O O O O O O
C 100 {981} O O O O O O O O O
A 40 {392} O O O O O O O O O
B 80 {785} 600 90 O O O O O O O O O
C 100 {981} O O O O O O O O O
A 40 {392} O O O O O O O O O
B 80 {785} 700 100 O O O O O O O O O
C 100 {981} O O O O O O O O O
A 40 {392} O O O O O O O
B 80 {785} 800 110 O O O O O O O
C 100 {981} O O O O O O O
A 40 {392} O O O O O
B 80 {785} 1000 130 O O O O O
C 100 {981} O O O O O

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3. Effective Prestress:

The effective prestress of PHC piles shall be obtained by the calculation ,and Classes A, B and
C shall be 40 kgf/cm2 {392 N/cm2}, 80 kgf/cm2 {785 N/cm2} and 100 kgf/cm2 {981 N/cm2} in
effective prestress, respectively, and each tolerance shall be ± 5% of the individual values.

4. Quality:

4.1 Appearance: PHC piles shall be free from any harmful defects such as flaws and cracks.

4.2 Bending Strength of Pile Body: The body of PHC pile shall be subjected to the bending
test specified in 9.1, and in this testing, no crack shall take place when the cracking
moment by bending given in Table 2 is loaded.
In addition, the breaking moment by bending shall not be lower than the value given in
Table 2.

Table 2
Outside Cracking moment by Breaking moment by
diameter Type bending bending
mm tf.m {kN.m} tf.m {kN.m}
A 2.5 { 24.5} 2.8 { 37.3}
300 B 3.5 { 34.3} 6.3 { 61.8}
C 4.0 { 39.2} 8.0 { 78.5}
A 3.5 { 34.3} 5.3 { 52.0}
350 B 5.0 { 49.0} 9.0 { 88.3}
C 6.0 { 58.8} 12.0 { 117.7}
A 5.5 { 53.9} 8.3 { 81.4}
400 B 7.5 { 73.5} 13.5 { 132.4}
C 9.0 { 88.3} 18.0 { 176.5}
A 7.5 { 73.5} 11.3 { 110.8}
450 B 11.0 { 107.9} 19.8 { 194.2}
C 12.5 { 122.6} 25.0 { 245.2}
A 10.5 { 103.0} 15.8 { 154.9}
500 B 15.0 { 147.1} 27.0 { 264.8}
C 17.0 { 166.7} 34.0 { 333.4}
A 17.0 { 166.7} 25.5 { 250.1}
600 B 25.0 { 245.2} 45.0 { 441.3}
C 29.0 { 284.4} 58.0 { 568.8}
A 27.0 { 264.8} 40.5 { 397.2}
700 B 38.0 { 372.7} 68.4 { 670.8}
C 45.0 { 441.3} 90.0 { 882.6}
A 40.0 { 392.3} 60.0 { 588.4}
800 B 55.0 { 539.4} 99.0 { 970.9}
C 65.0 { 637.4} 130.0 {1274.9}
A 75.0 { 735.5} 112.5 {1103.2}
1000 B 105.0 {1030.1} 189.0 {1853.5}
C 120.0 {1176.8} 240.0 {2353.6}

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4.3 Bending Strength under Axial Force for Pile Body: The body of PHC pile shall be
subjected to the bending test under axial force specified in 9.2, and the results shall not
show the value lower than that of the cracking moment by bending and breaking moment
by bending given in Table 3.

Table 3

Notation Description
N Axial force
No Axial force 0
Nmin Minimum axial force
Nmax Maximum axial force
N4 An axial force under which respective breaking
moments by bending for classes A, B and C
become nearly equal in the relationship
diagrams of axial force and bending moment.
N3 Load equal to 3/4 x N4
N2 Load equal to 2/4 x N4
N1 Load equal to 1/4 x N4

Notation Description
M Bending moment
Mo Bending moment 0
Mct Cracking moment by bending
Mu Breaking moment by bending
Mumax Maximum breaking moment by bending

Relationship Diagram of Axial

Force and Bending Moment

Outside Diameter
300 mm N to M ct & M u IC
breaking moment

tf-m (ktf-m)
by bending
Mu

(Tensile force) (Compressive force)

Axial force N (tf) (kN)

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Outside Nmin to M N0 to M N1 to M N2 to M
diameter Mo No N1 N2
mm
tf.m (kN.m) tf (kN) tf.m (kN.m) tf.m (kN.m) tf (kN) tf.m (kN.m) tf.m (kN.m) tf (kN) tf.m (kN.m) tf.m (kN.m)
A - 31.2 (- 306.0) 2.5 ( 24.5) 3.8 ( 37.3) 4.5 ( 44.1) 7.9 ( 77.5) 6.6 ( 44.7) 10.8 ( 105.9)
40 80
300 B - 58.4 (- 572.7) 0 0 3.5 ( 34.3) 6.3 ( 61.8) 5.5 ( 53.9) 9.7 ( 95.1) 7.6 ( 74.5) 12.0 ( 117.7)
(392.3) (784.5)
C - 79.4 (- 778.6) 4.0 ( 39.2) 8.0 ( 78.5) 6.0 ( 58.8) 10.9 ( 106.9) 8.1 ( 79.4) 12.6 ( 123.6)
A - 36.5 (- 357.9) 3.5 ( 34.3) 5.3 ( 52.0) 6.6 ( 64.7) 11.4 ( 111.8) 9.8 ( 96.1) 15.9 ( 155.9)
50 100
350 B - 69.1 (- 672.6) 0 0 5.0 ( 49.0) 9.0 ( 88.3) 8.1 ( 79.4) 14.3 ( 140.2) 11.2 ( 109.8) 17.7 ( 173.6)
(490.3) (980.7)
C - 99.3 (- 973.8) 6.0 ( 53.8) 12.0 ( 117.7) 9.1 ( 89.2) 16.3 ( 159.8) 12.2 ( 119.6) 18.8 ( 184.4)
A - 50.6 (- 696.2) 5.5 ( 53.9) 8.3 ( 81.4) 9.9 ( 97.1) 16.7 ( 163.3) 14.2 ( 139.3) 22.8 ( 223.6)
60 120
400 B - 91.1 (- 893.4) 0 0 7.5 ( 73.6) 23.5 ( 132.4) 11.9 ( 116.7) 20.5 ( 201.0) 16.2 ( 158.9) 25.4 ( 219.1)
(588.4) (1176.8)
C -130.3 (-1277.8) 9.0 ( 88.3) 18.0 ( 176.5) 13.3 ( 130.4) 23.9 ( 234.4) 17.7 ( 173.6) 27.2 ( 260.1)
A - 60.9 (- 591.2) 7.5 ( 73.6) 11.3 ( 110.8) 13.7 ( 134.4) 23.3 ( 228.5) 19.9 ( 159.2) 31.9 ( 312.8)
75 150
450 B -110.8 (-1165.0) 0 0 11.0 ( 107.9) 19.8 ( 194.2) 17.2 ( 168.7) 29.7 ( 291.3) 23.6 ( 229.5) 36.0 ( 353.0)
(735.5) (1471.0)
C -159.0 (-1559.3) 12.5 ( 122.6) 25.0 ( 245.2) 18.7 ( 183.4) 33.6 ( 329.5) 24.9 ( 244.2) 38.3 ( 375.6)
A - 76.4 (- 749.2) 10.5 ( 103.0) 15.8 ( 154.9) 18.7 ( 183.4) 31.0 ( 304.0) 26.9 ( 263.8) 43.0 ( 421.2)
90 180
500 B -145.1 (-1422.9) 0 0 15.0 ( 147.3) 27.0 ( 264.8) 23.2 ( 227.5) 40.0 ( 392.3) 31.5 ( 308.9) 49.3 ( 483.5)
(882.6) (1765.2)
C -192.7 (-1889.7) 17.0 ( 166.7) 34.0 ( 333.4) 25.2 ( 247.1) 45.6 ( 447.2) 33.5 ( 328.5) 52.8 ( 517.8)
A -101.8 (- 998.3) 17.0 ( 166.7) 25.5 ( 250.1) 130 31.5 ( 308.9) 53.3 ( 522.7) 46.1 ( 452.1) 73.7 ( 722.8)
260
600 B -196.3 (-1925.0) 0 0 25.0 ( 245.2) 45.0 ( 441.3) (1274.9) 39.6 ( 388.3) 68.4 ( 670.8) 54.1 ( 530.5) 83.9 ( 822.8)
(2549.7)
C -270.6 (-2453.7) 29.0 ( 284.4) 58.0 ( 568.8) 43.6 ( 427.6) 78.9 ( 764.9) 58.2 ( 570.7) 82.4 ( 876.7)
A -138.8 (-1361.2) 27.0 ( 264.8) 40.5 ( 397.2) 50.8 ( 198.2) 84.9 ( 832.6) 74.6 ( 731.6) 117.3 (1150.3)
180 360
700 B -253.3 (-2484.0) 0 0 38.0 ( 372.7) 68.4 ( 670.8) 61.8 ( 606.1) 105.4 (1033.6) 85.7 ( 842.4) 132.2 (1281.7)
(1765.2) (3530.4)
C -364.4 (-3573.5) 45.0 ( 441.3) 90.0 ( 882.6) 68.7 ( 673.7) 120.8 (1184.6) 92.4 ( 906.1) 119.1 (1351.3)
A -178.9 (-1754.4) 40.0 ( 392.3) 60.0 ( 588.1) 70.6 ( 692.3) 116.5 (1142.5) 101.1 ( 990.5) 161.0 (1578.9)
200 400
800 B -317.5 (-3113.6) 0 0 55.0 ( 539.4) 99.0 ( 970.9) 85.6 ( 839.4) 147.4 (1445.5) 116.2 (1339.5) 182.3 (1796.6)
(1961.3) (3922.7)
C -453.4 (-4442.4) 65.0 ( 637.4) 130.0 (1274.9) 95.4 ( 935.6) 171.2 (1678.9) 125.9 (1234.7) 197.1 (1930.9)
A -245.1 (-2599.7) 75.0 ( 735.5) 112.5 (1103.2) 133.1 (1305.3) 220.4 (2159.4) 191.2 (1875.0) 360.2 (3002.8)
300 600
1010 B -487.9 (-4784.1) 0 0 105.0 (1029.7) 189.0 (1253.5) 162.9 (1597.5) 280.3 (2748.8) 220.9 (2166.3) 316.9 (3401.9)
(2942.0) (5884.0)
C -658.0 (-6452.8) 120.0 (1176.8) 240.0 (2353.6) 177.9 (1244.6) 320.4 (3142.1) 235.9 (2313.4) 370.1 (3634.4)

Remark: The expression – in the column mct for N to M represents the cases when Mct≥Mo

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Outside N3 to M N4 to M N to Mmax
diameter N3 Mcr Mu N4 Mcr Mu N Mcr Mu N M
mm tf (kN) tf.m (kN.m) tf.m (kN.m) tf (kN) tf.m (kN.m) tf.m (kN.m) tf (kN) tf.m (kN.m) tf.m (kN.m) tf (kN) tf.m (kN.m)
A 8.6 ( 84.3) 12.5 ( 122.6) 10.6 ( 104.0) 4.5 ( 44.1) 151.0 ( 1480.8) 10.2 ( 100.0) 12.8 ( 125.5) 354.8 ( 3479.4)
120 160
300 B 9.6 ( 94.1) 13.0 ( 127.5) 11.6 ( 113.8) 5.5 ( 53.9) 130.1 ( 1275.7) 10.1 ( 99.0) 13.1 ( 128.5) 349.1 ( 3423.5) 0
(1176.8) (1569.1)
C 10.1 ( 99.0) 13.3 ( 130.4) 12.1 ( 118.7) 6.0 ( 58.8) 121.2 ( 1188.6) 10.2 ( 100.0) 13.3 ( 130.4) 435.0 ( 3383.3)
A 12.9 ( 126.5) 18.5 ( 181.4) 16.0 ( 156.9) 6.6 ( 64.7) 184.1 ( 1805.4) 15.0 ( 147.1) 18.7 ( 183.4) 429.6 ( 4212.9)
150 200
350 B 14.4 ( 141.2) 19.2 ( 188.3) 17.5 ( 171.6) 8.1 ( 79.4) 159.4 ( 1563.2) 15.0 ( 147.1) 99.3 ( 189.3) 422.8 ( 4146.3) 0
(1473.0) (1961.3)
C 15.4 ( 151.0) 19.6 ( 192.2) - ( - ) 9.1 ( 89.2) 146.6 ( 1437.7) 15.2 ( 149.1) 19.8 ( 194.2) 416.8 ( 4087.4)
A 18.6 ( 182.4) 26.4 ( 258.9) 22.9 ( 224.6) 9.9 ( 97.1) 215.7 ( 2115.3) 21.2 ( 207.9) 27.2 ( 266.7) 536.1 ( 5257.3)
180 240
400 B 20.6 ( 202.0) 27.5 ( 269.7) 24.9 ( 264.2) 11.9 ( 116.7) 198.2 ( 1943.7) 21.9 ( 214.8) 27.8 ( 272.6) 521.8 ( 5175.9) 0
(1765.2) (2535.6)
C 22.0 ( 215.7) 28.3 ( 277.5) 26.4 ( 258.9) 13.3 ( 130.4) 183.4 ( 1798.5) 22.3 ( 218.7) 28.6 ( 280.5) 523.9 ( 5137.7)
A 26.1 ( 256.0) 36.8 ( 360.9) 32.4 ( 317.7) 13.7 ( 134.4) 264.5 ( 2593.9) 29.4 ( 288.3) 37.8 ( 370.7) 655.4 ( 6427.3)
225 300
450 B 29.6 ( 290.3) 38.7 ( 379.5) 35.8 ( 351.1) 17.2 ( 168.7) 239.4 ( 2347.7) 30.8 ( 302.0) 38.8 ( 380.5) 643.6 ( 6311.6) 0
(2206.5) (2942.0)
C 31.1 ( 305.0) 39.7 ( 389.3) 37.3 ( 365.8) 18.7 ( 183.4) 224.7 ( 2203.6) 31.1 ( 305.0) 39.8 ( 390.3) 640.4 ( 6280.2)
A 35.2 ( 345.2) 50.6 ( 496.2) 43.4 ( 425.6) 18.7 ( 183.4) 333.9 ( 3274.4) 41.0 ( 402.1) 52.8 ( 517.8) 828.1 ( 8120.9)
270 360
500 B 39.7 ( 389.3) 53.8 ( 527.6) 47.9 ( 469.7) 23.2 ( 227.5) 304.1 ( 2982.2) 42.8 ( 419.7) 54.2 ( 531.5) 813.9 ( 7981.6) 0
(2647.8) (3530.4)
C 41.7 ( 408.9) 55.4 ( 543.3) 49.9 ( 489.4) 25.2 ( 247.1) 286.6 ( 2810.6) 43.2 ( 423.6) 55.5 ( 544.3) 810.2 ( 7945.3)
A 60.6 ( 594.3) 85.6 ( 839.4) 75.2 ( 737.5) 31.5 ( 308.9) 458.6 ( 4497.3) 63.3 ( 669.8) 87.2 ( 860.0) 1131.3 (11094.3)
390 520
600 B 68.7 ( 673.7) 90.4 ( 886.5) 83.2 ( 815.9) 39.6 ( 388.3) 420.3 ( 4121.7) 72.1 ( 707.1) 90.6 ( 888.5) 1147.6 (10959.9) 0
(3824.6) (5099.5)
C 72.7 ( 712.9) 92.7 ( 909.1) - ( - ) 43.6 ( 427.6) 389.9 ( 3823.6) 72.7 ( 712.9) 92.7 ( 909.1) 1105.2 (10838.3)
A 98.4 ( 965.0) 133.7 (1311.1) 122.2 (1198.4) 130.8 (1282.7) 598.2 ( 5866.3) 106.1 (1040.5) 135.2 (1325.9) 1477.5 (14489.3)
540 720
700 B 109.5 (1073.0) 139.2 (1365.1) - ( - ) 130.3 (1277.8) 552.0 ( 5413.3) 111.1 (1089.5) 139.3 (1366.1) 1461.4 (14332.4) 0
(5295.6) (7060.8)
C 116.1 (1138.6) 141.6 (1386.7) - ( - ) 127.0 (1245.4) 506.6 ( 4968.0) 114.7 (1095.6) 141.9 (1391.6) 1443.0 (14152.0)
A 131.7 (1291.5) 189.1 (1854.4) 162.3 (1591.6) 196.4 (1926.0) 756.3 ( 7416.8) 155.6 (1525.9) 197.1 (1932.9) 1868.0 (18318.8)
600 800
800 B 146.8 (1439.6) 200.5 (1966.2) 177.4 (1739.7) 200.0 (1961.3) 700.5 ( 6869.6) 162.2 (1590.6) 203.1 (1991.7) 1848.9 (18131.5) 0
(5884.0) (7845.3)
C 156.4 (1533.8) 206.6 (2026.1) 186.8 (1831.9) 200.0 (1961.3) 645.1 ( 6326.3) 163.2 (1600.4) 207.0 (2030.0) 1826.4 (17910.9)
A 249.3 (2646.8) 357.0 (3501.0) 307.4 (3014.6) 370.8 (3636.3) 1133.3 (12413.9) 294.5 (2888.1) 371.5 (3643.2) 2792.0 (27380.2)
900 1200
1000 B 278.9 (2735.1) 376.9 (3696.1) 336.8 (3302.9) 374.7 (3674.6) 1039.9 (10191.9) 305.9 (2999.9) 380.9 (3735.4) 2752.8 (26995.7) 0
(8826.0) (11768.0)
C 293.8 (2881.2) 388.4 (3808.9) 351.8 (3450.0) 375.2 (3679.5) 970.3 ( 9515.4) 307.4 (3014.6) 388.8 (3812.8) 2724.6 (26719.2)

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 4.4 Shearing Strength of Pile Body: The body of PHC pile shall be subjected to the shearing
test specified in 9.3, and the results shall not show the value smaller than that of the
shearing strength (2) given in Table 4.

Note (2) The shearing strength is the numerical value obtained by the calculating
formula given in 9.3.2.

Table 4

Outside Thickness Shearing

diameter Type strength
mm
mm tf (kN)
A 10.1 { 99.0}
300 60 B 12.8 { 125.5}
C 13.9 { 136.3}
A 12.1 { 118.7}
350 60 B 15.3 { 150.0}
C 16.6 { 162.8}
A 15.1 { 148.1}
400 65 B 19.1 { 187.3}
C 20.8 { 204.0}
A 18.4 { 180.4}
450 70 B 23.2 { 227.5}
C 25.3 { 248.1}
A 23.3 { 228.5}
500 80 B 29.6 { 288.3}
C 32.0 { 313.8}
A 31.7 { 310.9}
600 90 B 40.0 { 392.3}
C 43.6 { 427.6}
A 41.4 { 406.0}
700 100 B 52.2 { 511.9}
C 56.8 { 557.0}
A 52.2 { 511.9}
800 120 B 65.9 { 616.3}
C 71.8 { 704.1}
A 77.7 { 762.0}
1000 130 B 98.0 { 961.1}
C 106.7 {1016.4}

4.5 Bending Strength of Joint: The bending strength of the joint shall be equal to or superior to
the breaking moment by bending of the bending strength specified in 4.2.

5. Construction:

5.1 Construction of Tip: The construction of the tip of PHC pile shall be such that capable of
transmitting safely the load to the ground.

5.2 Construction of Head: The construction of the head of PHC pile shall be not impedimencal
to execution.

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6. Shape and Dimensions:

6.1 Shape: PHC piles shall have a body of hollow cylindrical shape shown in Fig. 1 and shall
be equipped with appropriate tip, joint or head, as required.
Outside diameter and wall thickness of each section of the pile body shall be
approximately equal throughout its overall length.

Fig 1.
Length

Outside
Wall thickness dia.
Head or joint Tip or joint

Remarks 1. The length of head, tip and joint constitutes a part of the length of PHC pile.
2. The shape of tip involve close type, open type and others.
3. It is permitted to make a top pile or an intermediate pile, when attached with
a tip, to substitute for a bottom pile.

6.2 Dimensions: The dimensions of PHC piles shall be as specified in Table 1, and the
dimensional tolerances shall be as given in Table 5.

Table 5
Unit: mm
Division
On outside
Outside On length On wall thickness
Diameter
dia.
300 to 600 +5
± 0.3 (%) of length -2 + unspecified
of PHC pile +7 0
700 to 1000
-4

Remark: 1. Outside diameter of PHC pile shall be an average of two values which have
been measured along rectangular axes in a section.
2. Wall thickness of PHC pile shall be an average of four values which have
been measured along rectangular axes in a section.

7. Materials:

7.1 Cement: The cement used shall be as specified in JIS R 5210, JIS R 5211, JIS R 5213, or
that equal to or superior to it.

7.2 Aggregate: The aggregate shall be clean, tough and durable, and shall not contain dirts,
muds, salts, organic matters, etc. to an amount which may effect adversely the products.
The maximum size of coarse aggregates shall be 25 mm or under shall be smaller than 2/5
the wall thickness of PHC pile.

7.3 Water: The water shall not contain oils, acids, salts, organic matters, etc. to an amount
which may affect adversely the products.

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 7.4 Admixture: Any admixture, if used, shall not be such that affects adversely PHC piles,
such as calcium chloride or other.

7.5 PC Steels: PC steels to be used for PHC piles shall be those which are in compliance with
any one of the following, or those which are equal to or superior to it in mechanical
properties.
(1) Deformed bars specified in JIS G 3109
(2) Steel wires for prestressed concrete specified in JIS G 3536

7.6 Reinforcing Steels: The reinforcing steels to be used for PHC piles shall be those which
are in compliance with any one of the following, or those which are equal to or superior to
it in mechanical properties:
(1) JIS G 3112
(2) JIS G 3117
(3) JIS G 3521
(4) Ordinary iron wires specified in JIS G 3532

7.7 Steel Plates: The steel plates to be used for PHC piles shall be those which are in
compliance with any one of the following, or those which are equal to or superior to it in
mechanical properties:
(1) JIS G 3101
(2) JIS G 3106

8. Manufacture:

8.1 PC Steels and Reinforcement:

8.1.1 The PC steels arranged in axial direction and axial reinforcement shall have
percentage of reinforcement not less than 0.4% to the gross sectional area, and shall
count not less than six pieces. They shall be arranged as uniformly as practicable
around the peripheries of concentric circles at each section of PHC pile with in
consideration that directionality comes to small in bending strength of PHC pile.
Clearance between PC steels and those between the reinforcing bars shall be not
less than one time their diameters, and shall be not less than 4/3 times the
maximum size of the coarse aggregates.

8.1.2 Spiral additional bars shall be arranged outside the axial PC steels and axial
reinforcing bars. The additional bars shall be not less than 3 mm in diameter, and
the pitch shall be not more than 150mm.

8.1.3 The covering shall be not less than 15 mm.

8.1.4 The PC steels and reinforcing bars shall be fabricated in such a manner that these
are fixed in right locations.

8.2 Concrete:

8.2.1 Quality of the concrete to be used for manufacture of PHC piles shall be such that a
test specimen which has been cured identically with the products proves that its

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 compressive strength is 800 kgf/cm2 {7.85 kN/cm2} or more at the time when
specified curing is completed.
The compressive strength test shall be made in accordance in JIS A 1136.

8.2.2 The materials to be used for the concrete shall all be measured by mass. However,
water and liquid admixtures may be measured by volume.

8.2.3 The pH value of the concrete shall show 11.5 or larger when measured in
accordance with JIS Z 8802.

8.3 Forming:

8.3.1 Forming of HPH piles shall be made as follows: Place the fabricated PC steels and
reinforcing bars in a mould, put the concrete in the mould so as to obtain a uniform
wall thickness, and then compact them by centrifugal force. At this time, the PC
steels shall be pretensioned so as to obtain a predetemined stress.

8.3.2 The head, joint or tip, if attached to PHC pile, shall position correctly, and shall be
fixed so as to become integral with the pile body.

8.4 Curing: The curing of PHC pile shall be made so that it can give the quality satisfactory
result.

8.5 Method of Imparting Prestress:

8.5.1 PC steels shall be tensioned after arranged in right position, and the both ends shall
be fixed completely so that they may not loosen until the prestress is imparted to
the concrete.

8.5.2 The initial tension force shall amount enough to cause the specified pretress, and, at
the same time, it shall be not more than 0.7 time the tensile strength or not more
than 0.8 time the yield load of PC steel.

8.5.3 The introduction of the prestress shall carried out gradually.

8.5.4 The compressive strength of the concrete at the time of imparting the prestress shall
be not less than 300 kgf/cm2 {2.94 kN/cm2} for Class A and not less than 400
kgf/cm2 {3.92 kN/cm2} for Classes B and C, when the high temperature and high
pressure steam curing is used.
When the ordinary pressure steam curing is used only, the compressive strength
shall be not less than 600 kgf/cm2 {5.88 kN/cm2} for Class A and not less than 700
kgf/cm2 {6.86 kN/cm2} for Classes B and C. The test o compressive strength
above-mentioned shall be made in accordance with 8.2.1.

8.6 Joint:

8.6.1 The ends of PC steels shall be fixed to the jointing device at the joint.

8.6.2 The end face of the joint shall be made so as to be perpendicular to the axial line of
PHC pile.

8.6.3 The tolerances on the outside diameter of the joint end shall be +0.5 mm and –3
mm for the outside diameter of PHC pile specified in Table 1.

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9. Tests:

9.1 Bending Test:

9.1.1 The bending test of a pile body shall be made as follows: Support a PHC pile with a
span of 3/5 of its length, and apply vertical load P to the middle of the span as
shown in Fig. 2. In order to avoid the occurrence of local fracture at the loading
point or supporting points before bending fracture of the PHC pile, any
countermeasure is permissible to be taken.
The calculation of the bending moment shall be made by the use of the following
formula:

1 P ⎛3 ⎞
M= qomL$ ⎜ L −1⎟
40 4 ⎝5 ⎠

Where: M : bending moment (tf.m) {kN.m}

qo : standard acceleration of free fall (1 tf/t) {9.81 m/s2}
m : mass of PHC pile (t)
L : length of PHC pile (m)
P : load (tf) {kN}

Fig. 2 Loading method

P
Load

0.5m 0.5m

3/10L 3/10L
1/5L Span 3/5L 1/5L
L

9.1.2 The breaking bending moment by bending shall be obtained by the use of the
equation of 9.1.1 on the basis of the maximum value of the load P indicated until the
PHC pile fracture.

9.1.3 The bending test for the joint shall be carried out in the same manner as given in
9.1.1, after making the joint to coincide with the middle of the span.

9.2 Bending Test under Axial Force (Alternate Repeating, Positive and Negative, Bending
Test):

9.2.1 The bending test under axial force of a pile body shall be made as following:
Support a PHC pile representing the lot with the axial force N applied to it at a span
L1 as shown in Fig.3, and apply the load P to the middle of the span.
In order to avoid the occurrence of local fracture at the loading point or supporting
points before bending fracture under axial force takes place, it is permitted to take
any countermeasure against it.

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 The calculation of the bending moment shall be made by the use of the following
equation:

1 P
M= qom (2L1 – L)$ (L1 – 1) $∂N
8 4

Where: M : bending moment (tf.m) {kN.m}

qo : standard acceleration of free fall (1 tf/t) {9.81 m/s2}
m : mass of PHC pile (t)
L : length of PHC pile (m)
L1 : bearing length of PHC pile (m)
P : load (tf) {kN}
∂ : deflection at middle point (m)
N : axial force (tf) {kN}

Fig. 3 Loading method

P
Load

Axial force N 0.5m 0.5m N Axial force

P (-) Load
L1/2 L1/2
Span L1
L

9.2.2 The axial force N, load P and number of times of alternate repetition, positive and
negative, shall satisfy the following requirements.

(1) The axial force N shall be secured at a predetermined value until the
completion of test.

(2) The axial force N shall take four steps, N1, N2, N3 and N4, as specified in
Table 3.

(3) The repeating load P shall be the valued which causes 1/1.2 of the cracking
moment by bending and breaking moment by bending respectively under the
condition of imparting the axial force N, and the number of times of repetition
shall be not less than 10 cycle.
For this test, one time of alternation, positive and negative, shall be counted as
one cycle.

9.2.3 The breaking moment by bending shall be obtained, after completion of the alternate
repetition, positive and negative, by calculating by the use of the equation of 9.2.1
on the basis of the maximum value of the load P, which shall be applied until the
PHC pile breaks, indicates until the breakage.

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9.3 Shearing Test:

9.3.1 The shearing test of a pile body shall be carried out in the manner given in Fig. 4

Fig. 4 Loading Method

P
Load

D 0.5m 0.5m

0.5m a a 0.5m
L’

Where P : load (tf) {kN}

L’ : length of test specimen of PHC pile (m), which shall be obtained
by cutting so as to L’ = 2∝ + 2
D : outside diameter of PHC pile (m)
L : bending span, taken as 1m.
∝ : shearing span, taken as a = 1.0D.

The shearing strength after testing shall be obtained by the following equation
P1
Q1 =
2

Where Q1 : shearing strength (tf) {kN}

P1 : load which causes diagonal tension cracking in the shearing span (tf)
{kN}

9.3.2 The shearing strength shall be calculated by the following equation:

2TI
Q= τ
S1

2 TI 1
(σ + 2 φσ 1 ) 2 − σ
2
= ∗ ce ce
S1 2

Where Q : shearing strength (tf) {kN}

t : thickness of PHC pile (cm)
I : geometrical moment of inertia of concrete with respect to gravity
centre axis

I=
4
(
r 4 4
ro − r1 cm 2 )( )
r4 : outside radius of PHC pile (cm)
r : inside radius of PHC pile (cm)

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 S1 : statical moment of area of section above gravity centre axis with
respect to gravity centre axis
R : shearing stress at the time when any oblique tension cracking occurs
(
2 4 4
)( )
S1 = r4 − r1 cm 2
3
(kgf/cm2) {N/cm2}
σ23 : effective prestress (kgf/cm2) {N/cm2}
φ : 0.5
σ1 : tensile strength of concrete (55 kgf/cm2) {539 N/cm2}

(Reference)

Measuring Test for Effective Prestress: The effective prestress of PHC pile is to be determined
from the relationship between the elastic deformation, drying shrinkage and stress diminution due to
creep of concrete and the stress diminution due to the relaxation of PC steels. The measurement of
stress of PC steel shall be made as follows: For at least two pieces of PC steels embedded in a PHC
pile, release the stress of the steels at the places of which concrete has been chipped off
preliminarily, stick a wire strain gauge to the place, and measure the stress. Measurement of the
contraction of the concrete shall be made as follows: Using a contact gauge, measure the
contraction at the same time as that of stress measurement of PC steels.

10. Inspection:

10.1Inspection: The inspection shall be made on appearance, shape, dimensions, bending

strength of pile body, bending strength under axial force of pile body, shearing strength of
pile body, bending strength of joint, and arrangement of PC steels and reinforcing bars.
However, the inspection on bending strength under axial force of pile body, shearing
strength of pile body and bending strength of joint may be omitted by the agreement
between the parties concerned in acceptance.

10.2Appearance, Shape and Dimensions: The inspection on appearance and shape shall be
made for the total number of piles, and the dimensional inspection for the piles which have
been sampled from one set of the PHC piles. If the samples have met the requirements of 4.
and 6. in these inspection, all pieces of the set shall be considered as acceptable. Number of
pieces constituting a set and number of pieces taken as the samples shall be determined by
the agreement between the parties concerned.

10.3Bending Strength of Pile Body and Joint:

10.3.1 The cracking inspection for the pile body shall be made as follows: Take two
pieces of PHC piles as samples out of one set of PHC piles, carry out the cracking
test in accordance with 9.1, and, if both of the two meet t he requirements of 4.2,
consider all pieces of the set as acceptable. If one piece of the two fails to meet the
requirements of 4.2, take further four pieces from that set, and carry out the
cracking inspection. If all pieces of the four meet the requirements, consider all
pieces of set as acceptable.
Number pieces constituting the set shall be determined between the parties
concerned in acceptance.

10.3.2 The destructive inspection for the pile body shall be comprised of making the test
of 9.1 for one piece of the original two, and considering the whole pieces of the set
as acceptable, if they meet the requirements of 4.2.

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 The destructive inspection, however, may be omitted when agreed between the
parties concerned in acceptance.

10.3.3 Inspection of the joint shall be made in the similar way as that carried for the pile
body.

10.4Bending Strength under Axial Force and Shearing Strength: The tests of the bending
strength under axial force and shearing strength of the pile body shall be made for two
pieces, taken according to type every year, of PHC piles representing the piles of the same
outside diameter in accordance with 9.2 and 9.3 by the manufacturer. The results shall
meet the requirements specified in Tables 3 and 4. The results of these tests sheet may
substitute for the inspection of the parties concerned in acceptance.
The tests for the joints on bending strength under axial force and shearing strength are
dispensable.

10.5The inspection on the arrangement of PC steels and reinforcing bars shall be made for the
PHC pile which has been subjected to the destructive inspection, and if the results meet the
requirements of 8.1, the arrangement shall be considered as acceptable.
At the same time of this test, also the inspection of the wall thickness shall be made for the
broken portion of PHC pile.

11. Designation:

The PHC pile shall be designated by the notation PHC which indicate high strength, type,
outside diameter (mm) and length (m) in this order.

Example: PHC – A500 – 11

12. Marking:

The PHC pile shall be clearly marked with the following particulars:

(1) Designation

(2) Manufacturer’s name or abbreviation thereof

(3) Manufactory’s name or abbreviation thereof

(4) Date of forming

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