SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person ​Quarter 1- Module 1 The
Meaning and Method of Doing
Philosophy
 Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Alternative

Delivery Mode Quarter 1- Module 1: The Meaning and Method of Doing
Philosophy

First Edition, 2020

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Introduction to the
 Philosophy of the Human
Person ​Quarter 1- Module 1 The
Meaning and Method of Doing
Philosophy
This instructional material is collaboratively developed and reviewed by Teacher, School
Head, Public School District Supervisor, and Education Program Supervisors of the
Department of Education- Misamis Oriental Division. We encourage teachers and ​ii
other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments and recommendations
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We value your feedback and recommendations.
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No. ​Cover page Table of Contents ​Overview General Instructions Lesson 1: The
Meaning and Method of Doing Philosophy
What I Need to Know What I Know What’s In What’s New What Is It? Lesson 1.1
What I Know What’s In Lesson 1.2
What I Know What’s In What’s New What Is It? Lesson 1.3
What I Know What’s In What’s New What Is It? What’s More What I Have Learned What Can I
Do Assessment Answer Key References
iv ​1 2 3 ​3 4 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 9 10 11 12 12 13 13 14 ​15 15 16 17 18 19 20

OVERVIEW
Hello dear learners! Welcome to this module on Introduction to the Philosophy of the
Human Person. This module will help you understand the meaning and process of doing
philosophy of the human person as an embodied being in the world and the environment as a
means towards a holistic understanding of life. It contains activities that will help you reflects on
a concrete experience in a philosophical way and demonstrates various ways of doing
philosophy and evaluate opinion. The module is self – instructional and allows you to learn in
your own space, at your own pace. So, relax and enjoy learning.

To the teacher:

This lesson assume that the teacher has already introduced to his/ her learners
knowledge about philosophy and its importance as discipline and a means of understanding life.

The primary goal of this module is to help learners engaged in some simple activities in
order to have necessary skills and understanding and reflects on a concrete experience in a
philosophical way.

To the Learners:

At the end of this module, you will be able to reflect on your daily experiences from a
holistic point of view and acquires critical and analytical thinking skills so that you can apply this
critical and analytical thinking skills to the affairs of your daily life and should be able to
demonstrate a capacity for a critical and analytical reflection from the perspective of a holistic
and profound vision of life.

In order to achieve the objectives of this module, it is necessary to have completed all
the module for you to fully understand the activities and discussions.

Specifically, this module consists of the following lessons:

• Lesson 1.1- The Difference Between Holistic Perspective from a Partial Point of View
• Lesson 1.2 – The Value of Doing Philosophy
• Lesson 1.3 – Doing a Philosophical Reflection

1
 after
you have gone over all the
lessons.
For the teacher: ​To facilitate
and ensure the students’ learning from
this module, you are encouraged to do
For the learners: ​To be
the following (you may edit this part):
guided in achieving the objectives
of this module, do the following: 1. Clearly communicate
learning competencies and
1. Read and follow instructions
objectives 2. Motivate through
carefully. ​2. ​Write all your ​ANSWERS ​in
applications and connections to real
your ​PHILOSOPHY ACTIVITY
life. 3. Give applications of the
NOTEBOOK. ​3. Answer the
theory 4. Discuss worked-out
pretest before
examples 5. Give time for
going through the lessons. 4. Take
hands-on
note and record points
unguided classroom work and
for clarification. 5. Compare
discovery 6. Use formative
your answers
assessment
against the key to answers found
to give feedback 7. Introduce
at the end of the module. 6. Do
extensions or
the activities and fully understand
each lesson. 7. Answer the generalizations of concepts 8. Engage
self-check to in reflection

monitor what you learned in each questions 9. Encourage analysis

lesson. 8. Answer the posttest through

GENERAL
INSTRUCTIONS
higher order thinking
prompts
 2
2

Lesson ​
1​ The study of this subject is an initiation to the activity and process of

philosophical
reflection as a search for a synoptic vision of life. At the end of the course, you should be able
to reflect on their daily experiences from a holistic point of view, acquire critical and analytical
thinking skills and should be able to apply this critical and analytical thinking skills to the affairs
of daily life and become truthful, environment-friendly and service-oriented. Actively committed
to the development of a more humane society and articulate their own philosophy of life.

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW?

Objectives: ​After going through this module, you are expected to understand the meaning and
process of doing philosophy, to:
1. ​Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial point of view ​PPT11/12-Ia-1.1 ​2. ​Realize the
value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on life
PPT11/12-Ib-1.2 3 ​ . ​Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic
perspective
PPT11/12-Ib-1.3
Before heading on to our lesson, let us first check what you already know.
The Meaning and Method of Doing
Philosophy
3

WHAT I KNOW?
INSTRUCTION: Write your answer in the space provided below.
What words come to mind when you hear the word Philosophy? Why do we need to study
Philosophy?
Great job! Later we will see if your answers are correct by reading the rest of this module.

WHAT’S IN?
The word philosophy comes from two Greek words: ​philos ​(love) and ​sophia ​(wisdom). The
ancient Greeks used this term to refer to “love of wisdom” and they soon applied it to the study
or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles
which govern all things.
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge,
values, reason, mind, and language.
Philosophy in simple words ​is a way of thinking about the world, the universe, and society. It
works by asking very basic questions about the nature of human thought, the nature of the
universe, and the connections between them. The ideas in philosophy are often general and
abstract.
Philosophy is the study of humans and the world by thinking and asking questions. It is a
science and an art. Philosophy tries to answer important ​questions by coming up with answers
about real things and asking "why?"
4
4

WHAT’S NEW?

Do you know of some Greek Philosophers? ​Philosophers​-

are people who engage in philosophy.

Direction: Identify the following person in the picture below. Write your answer on the
space provided below.
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki

WHAT IS IT?
The most notable ancient Greek philosophers are:
Pythagoras ​(570 BCE to 495 BCE)- A mathematician and scientist, he was credited with
formulating the Pythagorean theorem.
Heraclitus ​(535 BCe to 475 BCE)- He proposed that everything that exists is based on a
higher order or plan which he called ​logos.
Democritus ​(460 BCE to 370 BCE)- He devoted himself to the study of the causes of natural
phenomena​.
Diogenes of Sinope ​(412 BCE to 323 BCE)- He was a known advocate of living a simple and
virtuous life.
Epicurus ​(341 BCE to 270 BCE)- He believed that philosophy could enable man to live a life
of happiness.
Socrates ​(470 BCE to 399 BCE)- He was considered the foremost philosophers of ancient
times. He was credited with formulating the Socratic method- means of examining a topic by
devising a series of questions that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views
regarding the topic.
Plato ​(427 BCE to 347 BCE)- A student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s teaching and
incorporated some of his own ideas into them. Plato’s most significant ideas included his Theory
of Forms, which proposes that everything that exist is based on an idea or template than can
only be perceived in the mind. Plato is also known for his dialectic- a method of inquiry where
two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge. Plato’s lasting
contribution to learning was his founding of the Academy, an institution of higher learning.
Aristotle ​(384 BCE to 322 BCE)- He attended the Academy, and was the prominent student of
Plato. For him, all ideas and views are based on perception and our reality is based on what we
can sense and perceive. His studies in logic led to the formulation of a formal process of
analyzing reasoning which give rise to deductive reasoning-the process by which specific
statements are analysed to reach a conclusion or generalization.
6
5

erence Between
Lesson Perspective from
Point of View
1.1
We have already discussed the meaning of Philosophy from our previous lesson. Now,
let us proceed to another topic.

✓ ​Holistic thinking ​refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in

systems. A holistic perspective requires an individual to have an open mindset and ability
to get the general sense or impression regarding a situation.

✓ ​Partial thinking ​focuses on specific aspects of a situation​. ​The partial view is an

important component of analytical thinking, as an individual focuses on certain areas or
aspects of a problem in order to understand it.

WHAT I
Pretest ​

KNOW?

Direction: Give a brief answer to the following question. Write your answer on the space
provided below.

1. Give a situation where you are adopted a holistic view in looking at a problem or
situation.

2. How can having a holistic view help us become better individuals.

WHAT’S IN
 The term "holistic thinking" refers to a big picture mentality in which a person recognizes
the interconnectedness of various elements that form larger systems, patterns and objects.
Thinking holistically is the opposite of analyzing something, which involves breaking down a
larger system into its details.

Holistic medicine is a prominent example of holistic thinking. A medical professional who

believes in holistic care considers the relationship between the mind, body and spirit. For
example, holistic doctors don't just provide patients with medications. Instead, they look at ways
to improve life balance and eradicate health problems from their root source, such as high stress
or bad nutrition.

In philosophy, point of view describes the perception of an event or phenomenon and

how exactly it is viewed. Point of view often is shaped by an individual's beliefs or experiences.
Though partial thinking is useful, philosophy utilizes holistic thinking in making sense of
problems and issues related to the human experience.

People tend to apply an analytical perspective when looking at problems or situations. A

holistic view gives rise to a more appreciative perspective about life, as we are able to look at
life in its totality.

TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF

THINKING

Study.com
 8

Lesson ​
1.2 ​ Why do we philosophize? We all have the potential to

philosophize since we have the tendency

​ to wonder and doubt.
A philosopher is a good communicator who can clearly and adequately present his or her ideas.

Doing philosophy can be applied in day-to-day activities and life perspectives. Because it​
involves an evaluative process, doing philosophy allows a person to make better decisions and
act accordingly to situations with the help of various philosophical skills. On life perspectives,
philosophy enables reflective thinking which greatly influences a person’s view of life,
challenges, and relationships
In doing philosophy, a holistic perspective on the subject is always required. Failure to do so or
only using a partial point of view may lead to illogical or incorrect conclusions.

WHAT I KNOW
Direction: Give a brief answer to the following question. Write your answer in space provided
below.
1. How can a person benefit from philosophizing?
2. What are the reasons that compel a person to engage in philosophical thinking?

The Value of Doing Philosophy in

Obtaining a Broad Perspective on
Life
9

WHAT’S IN
 Plato traced man’s need to philosophize to his sense of wonder. Whenever we are confronted
with an experience, we always wonder how it came about.

French philosopher Rene Descartes traced the need to philosophize to doubt. In life, we
will be faced with several ideas and arguments which present themselves as “truths”. A critical
and questioning perspective is necessary to determine if indeed these ideas or views are
correct or true.

Swiss-German philosopher Karl Jaspers saw the need to philosophize because of

experience. These experiences limit situation, philosophy provides us a means to understand
adverse or challenging conditions, and to rise above them and gain new knowledge and
perspective.

The need to philosophize is

driven by the love for wisdom. To love
wisdom is to have an insatiable desire for
truth. ​Philosophy itself is a distinct area
​
of knowledge with its own goals,
concerns, and ways of doing things.

https://thefearlesshustle.com/
 10

WHAT’S NEW?

Direction: Based on the picture below. Identify the branches of Philosophy. Write your
answer on the space provided.

PHILOSOPH
Y

WHAT IS IT?
 The following are the branches of philosophy that deals with a particular aspect of life or
phenomena.

Aesthetics ​is the branch of Philosophy which deals with beauty and what makes things
“beautiful”.

Logic ​is branch of philosophy which deals with correct reasoning.

Epistemology ​discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing.

Ethics ​is the branch which deals with moral questions and dilemmas.

Political Philosophy ​studies governments and deals with questions of justice, power and the
rights and obligations of citizens.

Metaphysics ​is a branch of philosophy which deals with questions regarding reality and
existence.

Philosophy of the Human Person​-is an area in philosophy that understand the human
person from a philosophical perspective.

Lesson ​Doing a Philosophical

on on a Situation
istic Perspective
1.3
✓ ​Reflection ​requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts, feelings, and
 action and to learn more about one’s life and experiences. ✓ ​Human self-reflection ​is
the capacity of humans to exercise introspection and to
attempt to learn more about their fundamental nature and essence. ✓ ​Philosophy ​has an
important place in our daily lives. Engaging in ​philosophical reflection ​leads to the
development of beneficial skills that individuals can apply in everyday situations.

12 11

WHAT I KNOW

Direction: Give a brief answer to the following question. Write your answer on the
space provided below.

1. Have you ever had an experience where reflecting on your actions benefitted you?

2. Has reflection ever helped you avoid making a bad decision?

 13

WHAT’S IN

Reflection is vital in ensuring that our actions and decisions are well thought out and are
done with due regard for their implications and consequences on ourselves, others, and our
surroundings.
 When we reflect, we can judge whether our actions or decisions are reasonable or not. Doing
Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and interpretation of concepts,
definitions, arguments, and problems.

Doing Philosophy also improves problem-solving and decision making. The ability to
analyze a problem or dilemma, identify the significant aspects, and come up with alternative
solutions is an important skill learned through philosophy.

In the process of doing philosophy, it is critical to have a holistic point of view-the

perception of looking at all aspects of a situation first before making a conclusion.

Wisdom as it refers to a person’s ability to apply knowledge to daily life particularly in

making sound choices and judgment is the intended product of philosophizing.

Finally, knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to self-development.

Examples of activities that emanated

from a deliberate reflection
• Learning from your previous mistakes and not repeating them again
• Evaluating and knowing the best choice from a set of options
• Gaining a holistic point of view first before making any conclusion

14
 WHAT’S NEW?

Direction: Complete the table below. Write your answer on the space provided.

ACTIONS WHAT MUST BE DONE BEFORE THE

ACTION? ​1. Buying a
new gadget 2. Choosing friends 3. Eating food 4. Deciding where to
study in College 5. Joining an organization in school 6. Helping a
stranger 7. Going out with friends 8. Posting your opinion or feelings in
the
social media 9. Going out with the opposite
sex 10. Confronting a person who
verbally
hurt you
 15

WHAT IS IT?

Based on your answers in Table 1, what must before making

actions? Do you consider it helpful if you do this before making actions? Why or why not?

Simple action seems to take a whole new meaning when one engages in reflection. Like
buying a new gadget, think of the questions you asked yourself as you consider buying the said
item.

You may start with simple questions, but since we are in reflective and philosophizing
mood, we try and think of deeper questions and reflect on the situation
 WHAT’S MORE

Direction: TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct otherwise choose
FALSE. Write your answer on the space provided.

1. Plato traced man’s need to philosophize to his sense of wonder.

2. The need to philosophize is driven by the love for wisdom.

3. This is an area in philosophy that understand the human person from a

philosophical perspective is holistic thinking.

4. Swiss-German philosopher Karl Jaspers saw the need to philosophize because

of doubt.

5. Aesthetics is branch of philosophy which deals with beauty.

6. Ethics is a branch of philosophy which deals with correct reasoning.

7. Logic is a branch of philosophy which discusses the nature of knowledge and

knowing.

8. Philosophy of the Human Person is a branch of philosophy which deals with

moral questions and dilemmas.

9. Metaphysics is branch of philosophy which deals with questions regarding

reality and existence.

10. Political Philosophy is branch of philosophy which studies governments and

deals with questions of justice, power and the rights and obligations of citizens.

16
 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Direction: Fill in the blanks. Write your answer on the space provided.

Experience Knowledge Greek Holistic Thinking Partial Thinking Lover of

Wisdom

• ​Philosophy – ​comes from two ____________________word ​philos ​(love) and ​sophias

(wisdom) is the study of general and fundamental questions about existence, knowledge,
values, reason, mind, and language.
• ​Philosophers ​– or ______________________ people who are engage in philosophy.
• A man needs to philosophize because of his ​sense of wonder​, ​doubt ​and
______________________.
• Philosophy does not limit itself to its own field as it makes sense of information gathered from
various fields of _________________________ (e.g., science, psychology, economics,
politics, etc.,)
• ​Philosophy of the Human Person ​is an area in philosophy that understand the human
person from a philosophical perspective which involves ​holistic thinking ​and
_______________________.
• ​Philosophical reflection ​is important in our daily lives as it ensures that our actions and
decisions are well thought by using a deeper, holistic perspective.
• In doing philosophy, critical, logical, and analytical thinking, observation, and communicative
skills were involved.
 17

WHAT I CAN DO

Direction: Write your answer on the space provided below.

1. List down instances in your life that you were able to engage in philosophy.

2. How did philosophy help you address your situation?

 18

ASSESSMENT

After our lesson, let us now check what you have learned.

Direction: encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. The word ​Philos i​ s a Greek word means_________.

a. Love b. Wisdom c. Philosopher d. Philosophy
 2. ​Sophia i​ s a Greek word for ___________.
a. Love b. Wisdom c. Philosopher d. Philosophy

3. The people who engages in philosophy are called________.

a. Love b. wisdom c. Philosophy d. Philosopher

4. He was considered the foremost philosophers of ancient times. He was credited with
formulating the Socratic method___________. a. Plato b. Aristotle c. Socrates d.
Democritus

5. A student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s teaching and incorporated some of
his own ideas into them included his Theory of Forms________. a. Plato b. Aristotle c.
Socrates d. Democritus

6. It refers to a perspective that considers large-scale patterns in systems______.

a. Doubt b. Academy c. Holistic Thinking d. Partial Thinking

7. It focuses on specific aspects of a situation, as an individual focuses on certain areas

or aspects of a problem in order to understand it. a. Doubt b. Academy c. Holistic Thinking d.
Partial Thinking

8. It is the process by which specific statements are analysed to reach a conclusion or

generalization. a. Academy b. Deductive reasoning c. Holistic d. Partial

9. It requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts, feelings, and action and
to learn more about one’s life and experiences. a. Reflection b. Observation c.
Knowledge d. Doubts

10. The Greek term for philosophy, ​philosophia, ​means ___.

a. ​Holistic Thinking d. Partial Thinking c. Love of wisdom d. Knowledge

Congratulations!

You have completed your journey in this module. You did a great job!

It’s now time to go on to the next adventure...Good luck!

19
ANSWER KEY
Rubrics for Short Answer
Correct answer but not in a sentence
Correct answer
Correct answer
Correct answer written in a
written in a
written in a sentence but no
sentence with 1
sentence with 2 supporting detail
supporting detail
supporting details from the text
from the text ​1 2 3 4
19 20

REFERENCES
Roberto D. Abella, M.Div., D.Min. (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.
Philosophy meaning. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy) Holistic thinking.
https://www.reference.com/world-view/holistic-thinking-71825abaad1c20ca Partial point of view.
https://study.com/academy/answer/what-is-partial-point-of-view.html Self-reflection.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-reflection The difference between holistic and partial thinking.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yTVInz1eOg
https://www.slideshare.net/arielgilbuena7/intro-to-the-philosophy-of-the-human-person-
chapter-1-the-process-of-doing-philosophy
https://www.reference.com/world-view/holistic-thinking-71825abaad1c20ca
https://study.com/academy/answer/what-is-partial-point-of-view.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBTnhWEWf38
https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+philosophy&oq=what+is+philo&aqs=chrome.1.6
9i57j0l7.8372j0j8&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy
https://study.com/academy/lesson/big-picture-vs-detail-oriented-thinking.html
https://thefearlesshustle.com/5-ways-to-stay-positive-through-life/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicurus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato
https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Browse/prek-12-subject-area/test-preparation/Type-
of-Resource/Rubrics
 21

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