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Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 7312 (1993): Welded and seamless steel dissolved

acetylene gas cylinders [MED 16: Mechanical Engineering]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS 7312 : 1993
(Reaffirmed 2007)

Indian Standard
WELDED AND SEAMLESS STEEL DISSOLVED
ACETYLENE GAS CYLINDERS —
SPECIFICATION
( Second Revision )

UDC 621.642.02 : [ 669.15-194.2 ] : 662.766

© BIS 1993

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

September 1993 Price Group 7

Gas Cylinders Sectional Committee, HMD 16

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the
draft finalized by the Gas Cylinders Sectional Committee had been approved by the Heavy Mechanical
Engineering Division Council.
This standard was first printed in 1974 when the manufacture of acetylene cylinders had not commenced
in India. This standard was revised in 1982 when the manufacture of acetylene cylinders had commenc-
ed in India. Also, at the international level, ISO 3807 'Dissolved acetylene cylinders — Basic requirements'
has been published. First revision was aligned with ISO 3807 and included seamless cylinders also.
This revision is being undertaken to incorporate the following:
a) Modification in the definition of dissolved acetylene cylinder.
b) Inclusion of crushing strength for the porous mass.
c) Inclusion of bonfire test.
d) Modification of method of measurement of the gap between porous mass and the shell.
e) To refer the test methods specified in IS 3196 ( Part 3 ) : 1991 'Welded low carbon steel gas
cylinder exceeding 5 litre water capacity for low pressure liquefiable gases: Part 3 Methods of
test ( fourth revision )'.
The bonfire test was adopted from Australian Standard No. B. 189-1962 'Welded capsule type steel
cylinders for acetylene' published by Standards Association of Australia.
Manufacture and filling of dissolved acetylene gas when contained in cylinders is regulated by the Gas
Cylinder Rules, 1981 of the Government of India. This specification has been prepared in consultation
and agreement with the concerned statutory authorities.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the
final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in
accordance with IS 2 : 1960 'Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )'. The number of
significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in
this standard.
The relevant Sl units and the corresponding conversion factors are given below for guidance:
Pressure 1 Pa ( Pascal) = 1 N/m 2
1 kgf/mm = 9.806 65 MPa
 AMENDMENT NO. 3 FEBRUARY 2007
TO
IS 7312 : 1993 WELDED AND SEAMLESS
STEEL DISSOLVED ACETYLENE GAS
CYLINDERS — SPECIFICATION

( Second Revision )

(Page 1, clause 3.2, first line) — Substitute 'portable pressure vessels' for
'portable vessel'.

(Page 1, clause 3.5) — Insert the following new clause after 3.5:

'3.6 Maximum Acetylene Content — Maximum mass of acetylene in

kilogram, the cylinder is designed to contain.'

[Page 11, clause 21.2(h)] — Substitute 'Maximum settled working' for

'Maximum Working'.

[Page 11, clause 21.2(p)] — Insert the following after 21.2(p):

'q) Weight of solvent in kilogram.'

[Page 11, clause 22(h)] — Substitute the following for the existing:

h) Weight of cylinder in item (g) plus weight of saturation gas, weight of

solvent at atmospheric pressure and weight of valve, but not including
valve cover, if any; and'.

(ME 16)

Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India

 AMENDMENT NO. 2 MARCH 2002
TO
IS 7312 : 1993 WELDED AND SEAMLESS STEEL
DISSOLVED ACETYLENE GAS CYLINDERS —
SPECIFICATION
(Second Revision)

( Page 7, clause 19.2.4) — Insert the following new clause after 19.2.4:
19.2.5 If sample fails in requirement of crushing strength of the porous mass and
if the inspecting authority considers that the failure was due to an error in
carrying out the test, a fresh test shall be done on a test piece taken from the
same cylinder. The defective test shall be ignored, but, otherwise, the following
procedure shall be adopted:
The test shall be repeated on the same cylinder and in addition, one cylinder
shall be drawn at random from the same control unit and tested. If both the
samples satisfy the test requirements, the batch shall be accepted. If any of
the samples fails, the particular control unit shall be rejected and cylinders
of that particular control unit shall be rendered unserviceable for holding the
gas.
From the rest of the batch, one cylinder from each control unit shall be
selected at random and cylinders shall pass or fail, control unit wise
depending upon the results of crushing strength as laid down in 19.2.4.
Cylinders of rejected control unit shall be rendered unserviceable for
holding the gas and shall be destroyed.

(MED 16)

Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India

 AMENDMENT NO. 1 DECEMBER 1994
TO
IS 7312:1993 WELDED AND SEAMLESS STEEL
DISSOLVED ACETYLENE GAS CYLINDERS —
SPECIFICATION
( Second Revision )
( Page 4, clause 9.2 ) — Add the following new clause after clause 9.2:
'9.3 Valves
The valves for the cylinders shall conform to IS 3224 : 1979. The cylinders of
seamless construction according to 6.2.3 shall be fitted with valves having safety
device. However, cylinders for marine application shall not have any safety
device.'
( Page 9, clause 20.6 ) — Insert the following at the begining:
'Bonfire test shall be conducted oncylinders having safety devices according to
10.2'.
(Page 12, Annex A, last entry) — Substitute '13497' for '13479'.
(Page 13, clause C-3.1, second line) — Substitute '19.2.3' for '19.3.1'.

( HMD 16)
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
 IS 7312 : 1993

Indian Standard
WELDED AND SEAMLESS STEEL DISSOLVED
ACETYLENE GAS CYLINDERS –
SPECIFICATION
( Second Revision )
1 SCOPE 4 MATERIAL
1.1 This specification covers the requirements 4.1 The steel used in the manufacture of
for portable welded or seamless dissolved acety- cylinders shall conform to Type 1 of
lene gas cylinders made of steel and having IS 2041 : 1982 or IS 6240 : 1989 or
nominal water capacity within the range IS 10787 : 1984. For seamless cylinders, 6.2.3
0.5 litres and up to and including 130 litres. may be referred.
This standard lays down the requirements for
the materials, design, manufacture, construction, 4.1.1 Suitable low carbon steel other than those
tests and marking of these cylinders. given in 4.1 may be used with the prior permi-
ssion of the statutory authority. In such a case,
2 REFERENCES the minimum specified value of yield strength
of the steel specification shall be used for the
The Indian Standards listed in Annex A are purpose of calculating the wall thickness of the
necessary adjuncts to this standard. cylinder. Such a steel shall be certified by the
3 TERMINOLOGY steel maker to be other than of rimming quality,
suitable for pressing or drawing with acceptable
3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the follow- non-ageing properties and shall be fully
ing definitions in addition to those given in killed.
IS 7241 : 1981 shall apply.
4.1.2 The cylinder manufacturer shall obtain
3.2 Dissolved Acetylene Cylinder and provide certificate of cast ( heat ) analysis
A portable vessel having a valve and with or of the steels supplied for the construction of gas
without safety devices, filled with monolithic cylinders and establish means to identify the
porous mass, a solvent for the storage of cylinders with the casts of steel from which
dissolved acetylene and at least sufficient they are made.
quantity of acetylene to saturate acetone ( see 4.2 The bung/valve pad shall be hot forged
IS 170 : 1986 ) as solvent at atmospheric from rolled steel either conforming to class 1 A
pressure and at a temperature of 15°C. or 2 of IS 1875 : 1992 or IS 226 : 1975 or
3.3 Maximum Working Pressure IS 2062 : 1984 or IS 7283 : 1992 or
IS 9550 : 1980.
The gauge pressure of the cylinder charged with
acetylene at 15°C and is equal to 1 568 kPa 4.3 The material used for footring shall con-
( 16 kgf/cm2 ) when acetone is the solvent. form to Grade 0 of IS 1079: 1988 or any other
steel equivalent or superior qualities.
3.4 Tare
5 GENERAL
The weight of the cylinder defined in 3.2 includ-
ing that of any valve protection permanently A fully dimensioned sectional drawing of the
fixed directly to the cylinder, but excluding the cylinder, together with design-calculations and
weight of any removable valve cap. scheme of manufacture, shall be submitted by
3.5 Test Pressure the manufacturer to the inspecting authority
for final approval by statutory authority.
The internal pressure required for the hydro-
static stretch test of the cylinder shell before 6 DESIGN
filling the porous mass. Tt is equal to
5 880 kPa ( 60 kgf/cm2 ) for cylinders without 6.1 A cylinder shall be of welded construction
fusible plug and 5 194 kPa ( 53 kgf/cm2 ) for having a cold drawn or hot drawn cylindrical
cylinders with fusible plug, when acetone is the portion with hemispherical, ellipsoidal or tori-
solvent. spherical ends welded to it, or two halves of

1
IS 7312 : 1993 

cold  or  hot  drawn  and  circumferentially  welded  where 

together,  or  any  other  construction  approved  t  =  Calculated  minimum  wall  thickness  of 
by  the  statutory  authority. 
cylindrical  shell  in  mm  excluding  any 
6.2  The  calculation  of the  thickness  of  pressure  additional  thickness  to  resist  influen­
parts  of  the  gas  cylinder  is  related  to  the  ces  other  than  those  of  internal 
minimum  value  of yield  strength  of the  material  pressure  and  of external  forces  due  to 
specified  in  4.1  and  4.1.1  and  the  test  pressure.  normal  handling  (  see  8.4  ); 
6.2.1  The  agreed  finished  thickness  shall  not  be  Ph  =  Hydrostatic  test  pressure  above  at­
lower  than  that  calculated  from  the  following  mospheric  in  kgf/cm2; 
formulae:  D1  =  Inner  diameter  in  mm; 
Do  =  Outer  diameter  in  mm; 
a)  For  cylindrical  portion,  greater  of  the  J  =  Weld joint  factor; 
following  two: 
=  1.0  if each  weld  is  to  be  fully  radio­
graphed; 
=  0.9  for  cylinders  with  circumferential 
seam  or  seam  only  (  not  radio­
graphed  ); 
=  0.9  for  cylinders  with  seams  other 
than  circumferential  which  are  spot 
radiographed  in  accordance  with  13.2; 
Re  =  Yield  strength  (  minimum  value  speci­
b)  For  torispherical  part  or  end  (  see  fied  in  4.1  and  4.1.1  )  in  kgf/mm2; 
Fig.  1 A ) : 
H  =  Depth  of dishing,  in  mm; 
K  =  The  ratio  Do/H; 
R  =  Dishing radius,  in  mm  (  R  ≤  Do  ); 
c)  For  semi­ellipsoidal  part  or  end  (  see  r  =  Knuckle  radius,  in  mm  (  r  ≥   0.1  Do  ); 
Fig 1 B ):  and 

F I G .  1  TORISPHERICAL  AND  S E M I ­ E L L I P S O I D A L  ENDS 

2 
 IS 7312 : 1993

6.2.1.1 For hemispherical ends or parts, the 7 WELDING

minimum calculated thickness need not exceed
that of the cylindrical portion of the cylinder. 7.1 The cylinder shall be welded by any suitable
fusion welding method and shall conform, as
for welding procedure and welder's performance
6.2.1.2 When concave bottoms are applied ( see qualifications, to the requirements of IS 2825 :
Fig. 2 ) the design shall be such that the follow- 1969 or IS 817 : 1966.
ing minimum values are guaranteed by the
cylinder manufacturer: 7.2 Before welding, the plates to be joined shall
be free from scale, grease, oil and dirt. Before
t1 = 2t, t2 = 2t, h = 0.1 Do and r = 0.075 Do. the cylinders are closed, longitudinal welds,
wherever used, shall be visually examined from
both sides to ensure that the welds are
satisfactory.
7.3 Welds shall have an even finish and shall
merge into the parent material without under-
cutting or abrupt irregularity.
7.4 Welding consumables used shall be such
that the desired properties of the weld are
obtained and the physical values of the welded
metal are not lower than the specified values of
the parent metal.
7.5 The chemical composition of the weld metal
shall be compatible with that of the parent
metal.
8 MANUFACTURE
8.1 The number of longitudinal seams in the
welded cylinder shall not exceed one and the
number of circumferential seams shall not
exceed two.
8.2 When the welded cylinder contains a longi-
FIG. 2 CONCAVE BOTTOM tudinal seam, the edges of the plate forming the
longitudinal joint of the shell shall be rolled or
formed by pressure, not by blows, to the
6.2.2 The thickness of the shell shall not be less required curvature.
than 2.5 mm for cylinders up to and including
10 litres water capacity and not less than 8.3 The end or dished part shall be of hemi-
3.5 mm for cylinders above 10 litre water spherical, semi-ellipsoidal or torispherical shape.
capacity. The actual thickness of the end or These shall be either forgings, suitably thickened
dished part shall not be less than the thick- at the neck, or pressed ends with provision for
ness of the cylindrical portion. welding to it a bung/valve pad to take the valve.
The end shall have a cylindrical skirt or parallel
6.2.3 The cylinders of seamless construction portion of minimum length 20 mm or three
shall conform to IS 7285 : 1988 regarding times the shell thickness, whichever is greater.
material, design, manufacture, heat treatment, 8.4 Agreed Finished Thickness
fitting and testing. The serial number punched
on the seamless shell by its manufacturer shall The agreed finished thickness shall not be less
continue as the serial number of the dissolved than the minimum calculated wall thickness
acetylene gas cylinder. No fusible plug or safety obtained by the application of formulae given
device shall be fitted on the body of seamless in 6.2.1 at any point and at any transverse section
cylinders. of the cylindrical portion. Additional thickness
may also have to be provided to cover corrosion
6.3 Before the design is finally approved, the allowance and stresses due to horizontal accele-
statutory authority may require one or more ration and retardation during transportation.
prototype cylinders to be subjected to various The amount of this allowance shall be as
tests as specilied in this specification or such agreed to between the manufacturer and the
other tests, as authority deems fit. purchaser.

3
IS 7312 : 1993

8.5 Examination of Cylinders Before Closing-in that the defects in alignment at the
Operation surface of the plates are not more than:
Cylinders shall be examined for wall thickness, 1) 10 percent of the nominal plate thick-
before the closing-in operation, circularity of ness with a maximum of 3 mm for
the cylindrical shell and the skirt portion of longitudinal joint. However, for plates
ends, external and internal surface defects, the up to and including 10 mm thick a
profile regularity of the ends, offset at the joints, misalignment of 1 mm is permitted.
and straightness. The manufacturer shall assure 2) 10 percent of the maximum nominal
himself that the wall thickness is not less than plate thickness plus 1 mm with a
the agreed finished thickness at any point. maximum of 4 mm for circumferential
joints.
8.5.1 Circularity
NOTE — Welds made with backing strips require
The out-of-roundness of the cylindrical shell better alignment than specified above.
shall be limited to such a value that the
difference between the maximum and the 8.5.5 Straightness
minimum outside diameter in the same cross Unless otherwise shown on the drawing, the
section is not more than one percent of the maximum deviation of the shell from a straight
mean of these diameters. line shall not exceed 0.3 percent of the
cylindrical length.
8.5.2 Surface Defects
9 VALVES AND VALVES PAD
The internal and external surfaces of the
9.1 The valve connection shall consist of a
cylinder shall be free from defects which will welded or brazed pad/bung, and shall be thread-
adversely affect the safe working of the ed to suit the type of valve specified in
cylinder. IS 3224 : 1979. If welding is adopted, two runs
8.5.3 Profile Regularity of welding shall be employed for bungs which
have a backing pad ( either on the outside or
The contour of the dished end shall not deviate one on the outside and one on the inside ). In
from the approved dimensions by more than the case of bungs without backing pad, one run
1.25 percent of the nominal diameter in respect of welding shall be given on the inside and one
of radial dimensions and by more than one per- on the outside. In the case of bungs without
cent in respect of axial dimensions. Such devia- backing pad but having a chamber on the bung
tions shall not be abrupt changes and shall be providing compound weld joint ( butt and
outside the specified shape. fillet ) between bung and top dished end, the
same may be welded only on the outside with
two runs of weld.
8.5.4 Offset at the Joint
9.2 Valve Protection
The misalignment measure at the surface of the
plates shall not exceed 10 percent of the nominal The valve shall be protected by a stout metal
plate thickness. Where the thickness of the cap perforated for ventilation and of thickness
ends exceeds the shell thickness by more than not less than 3.5 mm, screwed on to the neck, or
25 percent, the abutting edges shall be reduced in any other manner approved by the statutory
by a smooth taper extending for a distance of authority.
four times the offset between the abutting
edges. 10 FITTINGS OTHER THAN VALVES

8.5.4.1 Before any welding is commenced, it 10.1 Footring

shall be ascertained that the chamfered edges The footring, where fitted as a separate iixture
are in alignment and that the defects in to the bottom end of the cylinder, shall be at
alignment at the surface of the plates are less least 20 mm away from the circumferential
than: weld. The thickness of the sheet from which
a) For plates of thickness 5 mm or less — t/6 the footring is made shall not be less than the
for a longitudinal seam and t/4 for calculated wall thickness of the cylinder body.
circumferential seam, subject to a maxi- The footring may be intermittently welded. In
mum of 1 mm. case, the bottom edge is curled, the curling shall
be inwards to facilitate safe handling. It shall
b) For plates over 5 mm in thickness. It be provided with holes for ventilation, and if
shall be ascertained that the prepared curled, drainage holes to be provided to avoid
edges are in alignment to meet the corrosion. The maximum permissible deviation
requirements of the welding process and from the vertical shall not exceed ??? Footrings

4
 IS 7312 : 1993

shall be sufficiently strong and made of steel 12.2.2 At the discretion of the inspecting
compatible with that of the cylinder prescribed authority, 2 percent or more of the pressings,
in IS 1079 : 1988, or of other steel having equi- halves and the cylindrical shells shall be selected
valent properties. The b o t t o m of the footring at random to represent all batches of material
shall not be less than 8 mm below the outside used for the manufacture of the cylinders, and
b o t t o m of the cylinder shell for cylinders up to these batches shall be examined for minimum
34 litres nominal water capacity. For cylinders thickness before any seam is welded.
of more than 34 litres nominal water capacity
and up to 50 litres nominal water capacity, this 12.2.3 Should any pressing, half or shell be less
value shall be minimum 15 mm and for cylinders than the minimum specified thickness, the whole
exceeding 50 litres nominal water capacity, this output from the relevant batch of material
value shall be minimum 25 mm. shall be examined for minimum thickness, and
any pressing or shell which is less than the
10.2 Safety Devices specified minimum thickness shall be rejected.

10.2.1 Fusible plug provided for welded cylinders 12.2.3.1 For the purpose of this clause 'batch
shall conform to IS 13497 : 1992. of material' is defined to mean pressings or
cylindrical shells manufactured in a continuous
10.2.2 Safety devices shall be positioned on the production run.
bung/valve pad of the welded cylinders on both 13 RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
sides of the valve shank opening.
13.1 Radiographic examination with X-ray,
11 HEAT TREATMENT when required, shall conform to the techniques
and acceptability criteria set forth in the
All cylinders shall be efficiently normalized, or relevant Indian Standards. For general guidance,
stress relieved in accordance with the steel reference may be made to IS 1182 : 1983,
maker's recommendation, after manufacture and IS 2595 : 1978, IS 3657 : 1978 and IS 4853 : 1982
completion of all welding ( including that of and 8.7 of IS 2825 : 1969. The radiographic
attachments ) and before hydrostatic test is technique used shall be sufficiently sensitive to
applied, by any suitable method at a tempera- reveal a defect having a thickness equal to
ture in excess of 600°C. Liquid quenching is not 2 percent of the combined thickness of the
permissible. A complete record of the heat weld and the backing material.
treatment cycle shall be maintained.
13.2 Spot Radiography ( see definition of J
12 INSPECTION under 6.2.1 )
13.2.1 One out of every 50 consecutive cylinders
12.1 General
from continuous production shall be taken at
12.1.1 The inspecting authority shall have free random for spot radiography.
access, at all reasonable time to that part of the
manufacturer's works engaged in the order. 13.2.2 Tn addition, after a change in the type or
They shall also be at liberty to inspect the size of cylinder or the welding procedure ( in-
fabrication at any stage and to reject any cluding machine settings ), or after a break in
cylinder, or part of a cylinder, that does not the production exceeding four hours, the first
comply with the requirements of this standard. cylinder welded shall be taken for spot
radiography.
12.1.2 The manufacturer shall supply the man
power and equipment for such inspection and 13.3 The film density shall be up to 3 and in
tests as are required and for any additional no case shall not be less than 1.7.
checks which may be agreed between the in- 13.4 Refer 10 of IS 3196 ( Part 3 ) ; 1991 for
specting authority and the manufacturer. testing details of radiography.
12.1.3 The visual inspection of cylinders shall 14 CHECKING OF WATER CAPACITY
be carried out and the limits of defects shall be
as given in IS 9639 : 1980. The water capacity of the cylinders shall be
checked. This shall be done by weighing or by
12.2 Inspection of Components volumetric method. Water capacity of the
cylinder shall have a tolerance of percent
12.2.1 All pressings, halves and cylindrical shells on the declared value.
shall be examined for surface defects before any
seam is welded. If there are defects which, in the 15 HYDROSTATIC TESTS
opinion of the inspecting authority, would be 15.1 Hydrostatic Streteh Test
detrimental to the sound construction of the
container, the pressing or shell shall be Each heat treated cylinder shall be subjected to
rejected. a hydrastatic stretch test. No pressure greater

5
IS 7312 : 1993

than 80 percent of the test pressure shall have required hoop stress, the specimen shall be
been applied to the cylinder before the test. discarded and fresh test specimen shall be
taken.
15.1.1 Hydrostatic stretch test shall be carried
out according to 6 of IS 3196 ( Part 3 ) : 1991 Fracture shall not occur in the weld in the
using 'non-jacket' method. direction of the circumferential or longitudinal
seam. The fracture shall also not occur in the
15.1.2 Permanent volumetric expansion suffered direction parallel to circumferential weld within
by the cylinder due to application of test 10 mm from the edge of the circumferential
pressure shall not exceed 7.5 percent of the total weld.
volumetric expansion at the pressure.
18 ACCEPTANCE TESTS
15.2 Hydrostatic Test
18.1 For every batch of 202 or less heat-treated
Cylinder which passes the test given in 15.1 shall and finished cylinders, one test cylinder shall be
be subjected to hydrostatic test. During the selected at random, and the various acceptance
hydrostatic test, the pressure shall be increased tests shall be carried out on test specimens
gradually till 95 percent of the test pressure is taken from this cylinder.
reached. After this pressure is reached, the
external surfaces of the cylinder are dried and 18.1.1 Number of test specimens and method of
the pressure shall be retained for a period of testing shall be in accordance with 5 of
not less than 30 seconds. Any reduction in IS 3196 ( Part 3 ) : 1991.
pressure noticed during this retention period or
any leakage or visible bulge or deformation shall 18.1.2 The percentage elongation and yield
be treated as a case of failure in the test. strength, wherever applicable, and tensile
strength thus determined shall not be less than
15.2.1 The values of hydrostatic test pressure the respective requirements for the material
shall be in accordance with 3.5. specified in 4.
15.2.2 Hydrostatic test shall be carried out 18.1.3 The bend test specimen having cracks or
according to 7 of IS 3196 ( Part 3 ) : 1991. any other open defects, which exceed 3 mm,
measured in any direction on the convex surface
15.2.3 The tests specified in 15.1 and 15.2 may of the specimen, shall be treated as a failure.
be carried out at the same time.
18.1.4 The weld shall show a good penetration
16 PNEUMATIC LEAKAGE TEST and absence of lack of fusion.
16.1 Subsequent to hydrostatic tests, each 18.1.5 The thickness shall not be less than the
cylinder, after it has been dried, shall be tested calculated thickness.
for leakage by subjecting to air pressure of not 19 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR
less than 3 920 kPa ( 40 kgf/cm2 ) for a period ACETYLENE, POROUS FILLING MASS AND
of one minute while immersed in water and shall SOLVENT
show no leakage.
19.1 Acetylene
16.1.1 Alternatively any other method approved
by the statutory authority may be used. 19.1.1 The quantity of the acetylene stored in
the cylinder ( excluding the acetylene required
16.1.2 Pneumatic leakage test shall be carried to saturate the solvent at atmospheric pressure
out according to 8 of IS 3196 ( Part 3 ) : 1991. and a temperature of 15°C ) shall not exceed the
amount authorized for the cylinder and perma-
17 BURSTING TEST nently marked on the cylinder.
17.1 One cylinder selected at random from a 19.1.2 When the cylinder has been charged with
batch of 403 hydrostatic test passed cylinders acetylene and the pressure has reached equili-
shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure till brium the maximum gauge pressure in the
it bursts. cylinder with acetone as the solvent shall not
exceed 1 568 kPa ( 16 kgf/cm2 ) at 15°C.
17.2 Bursting test shall be carried out according
to 9 of IS 3196 ( Part 3 ) : 1991. 19.2 Porous Filling
17.3 The nominal Hoop stress value of fb 19.2.1 Every cylinder shall be filled with a
shall be not less than 0.95 of the minimum porous filling approved by the statutory autho-
specified tensile strength of the material of the rity and shall be effectively vibrated while
cylinder. filling the porous mass.
The cylinder shall burst without fragmentation. 19.2.2 The porous filling material shall be of
During burst test in case leakage starts from such structure that it will not disintegrate or
any welding before fracture or before achieving sag when wet with solvent or when subjected to

6
 IS 7312 : 1993

normal service. The porous filling material shall 20 PROCEDURE FOR TYPE TESTING OF
be uniform in quality and free of voids, except DISSOLVED ACETYLENE CYLINDERS
that a well drilled into the firing material
beneath the valve is permissible provided 20.1 Request for Approval
that the well be filled with a material of 20.1.1 A request for the approval of acclyle
such type that the functions of the filling cylinders may cover a range of different cons-
material arc not impaired. Overall shrinkage of tructions and sizes, provided all these contain
the filling material is permissible provided that the same porous mass. A separate application
the t o t a l clearance between the cylinder shell shall be made for each type of declared
and filling material, docs not exceed 0.5 percent specification of the raw material and manufactu-
of the respective diameter or length but in no ring process.
case of exceed 3.2 mm measured diametrically Cylinders for test shall be selected as follows:
and longitudinally and that such clearances do
not impair the functions of the filling material. a) For cylinders with a nominal water capa-
city above 50 up to and including
160 litres, the inspecting authority shall
19.2.3 The porosity of the porous filling shall be select cylinders for test with a capacity
in the range of 75 to 92 percent as determined considered to be representative of the
by the method prescribed in Annex B. size under consideration;
b) For cylinders with a nominal water capa-
19.2.4 The crushing strength of the porous city between 10 and 50 litres, tests shall
filling shall be 2 156 kN/m 2 ( 22 kgf/cm 2 ) mini- be on the smallest and the largest cylin-
mum as determined by the method prescribed in ders of every range proposed by the
Annex C. manufacturer having the same acetylene/
solvent ratio: and
19.3 Solvent c) For cylinders with a nominal water capa-
city below 10 litres, no test need be
19.3.1 Acetone, if used, shall comply with the carried out on cylinders having an acety-
requirements of IS 170 : 1986. The quantity of lene content of not more than 90 percent
acetone including the gas in solution shall be of the equivalent proportional content
such that the cylinder meets the requirements used in approved cylinders of 10 litres or
of additional tests specified in 20. greater water capacity. For cylinders
having an acetylene content greater than
19.3.2 T h e maximum amount of acetone filled 90 percent, tests shall be carried out on
in a. cylinder shall be proportioned to the poro- cylinders of a nominal water capacity.
sity of the porous mass and the volumetric representative of the size under
capacity of the cylinder in the following scale: consideration.
20.1.2 Each request for approval shall include
Porosity Percent Maximum Acetone Content the following information:
in Percent of Water Capa- a) A schedule of the different c o n s t r u c t i o n s
city of Cylinder, by Volume and sizes of acetylene cylinders which,
form the subject of the request for
For Cylinders For Cylinders approval and which includes, for each
Having Nomi- Having Nomi- size of cylinder, the following information:
nal Water nal Water i) Nominal water capacity in litres;
Capacity not Capacity Ex- ii) Solvent to be used;
Exceeding ceeding
9 Litres 9 Litres iii) Mass of solvent in kilograms; and
Over 75 up to and 34.8 36.2 iv) Maximum mass of acetylene in
including 80 kilograms;
b) A description of the porous substance, as
Over 80 up to and 37.1 38.6 it exits in the cylinder, which gives
including 83 sufficient information to ensure reliable
identification; and
Over 83 up to and 38.5 40.0
c) A report on the porositv determinations
including 87
carried out by the manufacturer on the
Over 87 up to and 38.5 42.0 test cylinders provided, according to the
including 90 method given in Annex B, and a state-
ment of the maximum and minimum
Over 90 up to and 41.8 43.4 limits of porosity within which the porous
including 92 substance will be manufactured.

7
IS 7312 : 1993

20.1.3 The request for approval shall be accom- the cylinder exceeds the cylinder test pressure,
panied by a declaration from the manufacturer the cylinder has failed.
stating that in the event of approval, the pro-
duction of the porous substance will be in 20.3.4 All cylinders selected arc required to
accordance with the information given in the pass the elevated temperature test.
request for approval in 20.1.2.
20.2 Submission of Cylinders for Test 20.4 Vibration Test
20.2.1 Representative cylinders, selected by the
appropriate authority, shall withstand success- 20.4.1 Cylinders with saturation gas shall be
fully the appropriate type tests 20.3 and 20.4 subjected to vibration test.
prior to approval being granted to the request
made by the manufacturer. 20.4.2 The purpose of the test is to examine
the behaviour of the porous substance in the
20.2.2 The cylinders shall be selected from the cylinder under those conditions such as occur-
sizes specified in 20.1.1. The inspecting ring during transportations. The test shall be
authority after having studied the schedule carried out as detailed in 20.4.3.
provided, as specified in 20.1.2, will ask the
manufacturer to submit cylinders for test.
These cylinders shall be complete with all 20.4.3 The cylinder with saturation gas shall be
accessories including the porous mass, solvent placed in a vertical position on an apparatus
and saturation gas, unless otherwise specified by so arranged as to subject the cylinder to succes-
the inspecting authority. sive drops from a height of not less than
100 mm, so as to strike the end of the cylinder
20.2.3 The inspecting authority has the right on a steel or cast iron surface solidity supported
to witness the filling of the porous mass and to by a concrete foundation or equivalent.
select and determine the number of cylinders Cylinders shall be subjected to this drop
which are to be tested. 5 000 times consecutively.
20.2.4 Cylinders of each size selected for test by
the inspecting authority shall be tested as 20.4.4 The cylinder will then be sectioned
fallows: longitudinally and the filling mass carefully
examined. To meet the requirements of this
a) Not less than three cylinders shall be test no appreciable setting or breaking up of
subjected to the elevated temperature the filling mass shall be noted after this treat-
test in accordance with 20.3; ment nor shall there be any voids in the filling
b) Not less than four additional cylinders material. The two halves so cut shall be
shall be subjected to the vibration test as photographed in full size.
specified in 20.4 out of which one will be
sectioned for examination while the 20.5 Backfire Test
remaining three cylinders shall be further
subjected to drop treatment followed by 20.5.1 Drop Treatment
backfire test specified as in 20.5; and
c) One cylinder shall be tested for bonfire 20.5.1.1 Each cylinder, having been filled with
test specified in 20.6. the mass of solvent specified by the manu-
20.3 Elevated Temperature Test facturer and saturated with acetylene conform,
ing to IS 308 : 1988 at atmospheric pressure-
20.3.1 This test shall be carried out on cylinders shall be dropped 10 times without friction bet-
which have been filled with solvent and charged ween the cylinder and the guides from a height
with acetylene conforming to IS 308 : 1988 to of 0.70 m on to a concrete block covered with
the maximum content as prescribed by the a protective plate similar to that in the
manufacturer plus an overcharge of 5 percent apparatus shown in Fig. 3.
acetylene.
20.5.1.2 Each cylinder shall be fitted with a
20.3.2 Each cylinder shall be placed in a water device that will prevent loss of cylinder contents
bath, the mean temperature of which is main- during the drop treatment.
tained at 65 ± 2°C, until the pressure in the
cylinder constant or the pressure curve shows 20.5.1.3 Any subsidence or other defect of the
that hydraulic pressure has developed. porous substance which has taken place during
20.3.3 If, during this test, the pressure curve the drop treatment shall not be corrected before
indicates that hydraulic pressure has developed submitting the cylinders to the backfire
in the cylinder, or if the maximum pressure in procedure.

8
 IS 7312 : 1993

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. 3 A TYPICAL APPARATUS FOR D R O P TREATMENT

20.5.2 Backfire Procedure c) Placed vertically in the firing position and

fired when the pressure inside the cylinder
20.5.2.1 For the purpose of this procedure the has fallen to a value 3 to 4 percent below
cylinder shall be provided with a special outlet the maximum pressure attained in the
connection which connects the cylinder directly cylinder during its heating as described
to an explosion tube similar to that shown in in (b) above. Adequate precautions
Fig. 4. The capacity of the explosion tube shall against the possibility of a cylinder
be 75 ml with an internal diameter of 30 mm bursting shall be taken in carrying out
terminating in a passage 4 mm in diameter with this procedure.
a length of 70 mm, connecting directly into the
cylinder. The explosion tube shall be provided
with the means of initiation consisting of a 20.5.2.4 A cylinder has failed the test if it
suitable wire, such as tungsten, 0.2 mm in bursts, or if there is any release gas from safety
diameter and 15 mm in length. devices, within 24 hours backfire of the test.

20.5.2.2 The cylinders fitted with the appro-

priate equipment shall be charged with acety- 20.5.2.5 All cylinders selected are required to
lene, conforming to IS 308 : 1988, to the pass the backfire test. T h e cylinders passing the
maximum acetylene content proposed by the type test shall be destroyed.
manufacturer plus an overcharge of 5 percent,
taking all necessary steps to purge the cylinder 20.6 Bonfire Test
of non-soluble gases as far as is practicable. The
explosion tube shall be purged of air and the The fully charged cylinder, connected to a
accumulation of inert gases in the tube shall be remotely located recording or continuously
prevented. observed pressure gauge which can be observed
20.5.2.3 The cylinder shall be: during the course of the test, shall be placed
horizontally on a rack. While on the rack the
a) Stored horizontally for five days at a cylinder shall be subjected to the fire resulting
temperature between 15 and 20°C. from the combustion of the following pieces of
b) Placed vertically in water bath, maintain- dry, yellow pine, or similar timber:
ed at a temperature of 35°C with a maxi-
mum variation of + 1°C for three hours 80 pieces of 25 × 25 × 300 mm
except for cylinders below 10 litre water
capacity in which case the heating time 40 pieces of 25 × 50 × 750 mm
shall be one-and-a-half hours. The
maximum pressure shall also be recorded. 40 pieces of 25 × 50 × 1 000 mm

9
IS 7312 : 1993

All dimensions in millimetres.

F I G . 4 EXPLOSION TUBE FOR BACKFIRE TEST

The pieces of timber shall be arranged around 20.7 Failure of Type Tests
the cylinder and two litres of kerosene shall
then be poured over the timber, in such a If a cylinder fails in any of the type tests given
manner that it is mainly absorbed by the timber. in 20.3, 20.4, 20.5 or 20.6, all the type tests shall
Paper may be used to assist in the firing of the be repeated for type approval.
timber.
21 MARKING
The test shall be considered satisfactory when
there is at least a 170 kPa increase in the cylin- 21.1 General Instructions
der pressure, prior to release of a fusible plug
and when the fusible plug releases within a) Each cylinder shall be clearly and perma-
10 minutes from the time the fire was started. nently marked in accordance with the
following conditions by stamping or
The cylinder shall be considered satisfactory similar processes on such a part which is
when there is no appreciable bulging of the inseparately bound with the cylinder which
shell, no extensive penetration of the filler by is not or only negligibly affected by
decomposition, and no break up of the filling stresses due to the gas pressure within
material. it.

10
 IS 7312 : 1993

b) The name plate shall not be affixed to the 21.4 Temporary Marking
cylinder's shoulder if there is a risk of
corrosion or embrittlement. Each cylinder shall bear a test ring to indicate
c) In conjunction with the original mark- the last date on which the porous material was
ings, space shall be provided for stamping examined and found to be satisfactory.
the date of the test.
d) Marking shall be legible and their size 21.5 Colour Identification
shall be 6 mm minimum. Each cylinder shall be given zinc or aluminium
c) The stamps used for marking shall have metal coating over which it shall be painted in
small radii at changes of section to avoid accordance with IS 4379 : 1981 for the identifi-
formation of sharp edges in the stamped cation of the contents.
marking.
21.2 Permanent Marking 22 RECORDS
Each cylinder shall be permanently marked on A record shall be kept of all tests made at the
the shoulder or on a reinforced part of the cylinder manufacturer's works and copies shall
cylinder or on the collar or neck ring, provided be made available to the inspecting authority
it can be demonstrated in the bursting test that and purchaser of the cylinder ( if desired ). A
fracture docs not initiate in these markings, Test certificate duly approved and signed by the
with the following permanent marking: inspecting authority shall be forwarded to the
a) The number of this standard; statutory authority and the purchaser.
b) Gas identification 'ACETYLENE' and the a) Certificate of analysis covering the
chemical symbol C2H2; material of the sheet of which the parti-
c) Identification of the manufacturer and cular cylinder was made:
owner together with the serial number of b) Result of the tensile test;
the completed cylinder;
d) Identification of the porous mass; c) Result of the hydrostatic stretch test
indicating compliance only;
e) Tare weight in kg;
d) Result of leakage test indicating compli-
f) Maximum mass of the acetylene to be ance only;
charged into the cylinder not inclusive of
the saturation mass of acetylene in kg; e) Water capacity in kg:
g) Identification of the solvent when not f) Weight of each cylinder when empty and
acetone; dry plus those of fusible plugs, valve pad
h) Maximum working pressure at 15°C and footring, if any, and any part perma-
in MPa ( see 3.3 ); nently attached to the cylinder, but not
including valve or cap;
j) Water capacity in litres;
k) Test pressure in MPa; g) Weight of complete cylinder, that is,
m) Date of filling of porous mass; weight of item (f) plus weight of porous
filling, but not including valve or cap:
n) A symbol to indicate the nature of heat
treatment; and h) Weight of cylinder in item (g) phus weight
of saturation gas, solvent at atmospheric
p) Inspector's official mark. pressure and valve, but not including
21.3 BIS Certification Marking valve cover, if any; and
Details are available with the Bureau of Indian j) Type of porous filling and percentage
Standards. porosity of the filling material.

11
IS 7312 : 1993

ANNEX A
( Clause 2 )
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS

IS No. Title IS No. Title

170 : 1986 Acetone ( third revision ) 3657 : 1978 Radiographic image quality
indicators (first revision )
226 : 1975 Structural steel ( standard
quality ) (fifth revision ) 4379 : 1981 Identification of contents of
308 : 1988 Dissolved acetylene ( gas ) industrial gas cylinders ( first
( third revision ) revision )
817 : 1966 Code of practice for training 4853 : 1982 Recommended practice for
and testing of metal arc- radiographic inspection of
welders fusion welded butt joints in
steel pipes ( first revision )
1079 : 1988 Hot rolled carbon steel sheet
and strip (fourth revision ) 6240 : 1989 Hot rolled steel plate ( up to
1182: 1983 Recommended practice for 6 mm ) sheet and strip for
radiographic examination of the manufacture of low pres-
fusion welded butt joints in sure liquefiable gas cylinder
steel plates ( second revision ) ( second revision )
1875 : 1992 Carbon steel billets, blooms, 7241 : 1981 Glossary of terms used in gas
slabs and bars for forgings cylinder technology ( first
( fourth revision ) revision )
2041 : 1982 Steel plates for pressure 7283 : 1992 Hot-rolled bars for produc-
vessels used at moderate and tion of bright bars
low temperature ( first
revision ) 7285 : 1988 Seamless manganese steel
2062 : 1984 Weldable structural steel cylinders for permanent and
( third revision ) high pressure liquefiable
gases ( second revision )
2505 : 1978 Code for unfired pressure
vessels 9550 : 1980 Bright bars
2825 : 1969 Code of practice for radio- 9639 : 1980 Code of practice for visual
graphic testing ( third inspection of newly manu-
revision ) factured low pressure welded
3196 Welded low carbon steel steel gas cylinders
( Part 3 ) : 1991 cylinders exceeding 5 litre Hot rolled micro-alloyed
water capacity for low pres- 10787 : 1984 steel plate, sheet and strip
sure liquefiable gases: Part 3 for manufacture of low
Methods of test ( fourth pressure liquefiable gas
revision ) cylinders
3224 : 1979 Valve fittings for compressed
gas cylinders excluding 13479 : 1992 Fusible plugs for dissolved
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) acetylene gas cylinders —
cylinders ( second revision ) Specification

12
 IS 7312 : 1993

ANNEX B
( Clauses 19.2.3 and 20.1.2 )
DETERMINATION OF POROSITY OF THE POROUS MASS

B-1 A cylinder filled with the porous mass shall B-5 The difference between the final weight and
be fitted with a valve and weighed. It shall be that of the cylinder before the introduction of
subjected to the action of vacuum so t h a t , after the acetone represents the weight of acetone
standing for 12 hours with the valve closed, the introduced.
pressure does not exceed 20 torr. It shall be
then filled with acetone under a pressure not B-6 The porosity is given by the following
exceeding 16 kgf/cm 2 . When the acetone no formula:
longer penetrates, the valve shall be closed and
the cylinder weighed.
B-2 The cylinder shall be again subjected to
the action of vacuum for 15 minutes and further
acetone admitted. The cycle of operations shall where
be repeated until all air is expelled from the
cylinder and constant weight obtained. P = porosity in percentage,
B-3 The cylinder shall be then placed in a
room where the temperatur e is constant, w = weight of acetone introduced in kg,
leaving the valve open and connected to a
vessel containing acetone, for a period of v = the water capacity of the cylinder in
24 hours. litres without porous mass, and

B-4 T h e valve shall be then closed, the d = density of acetone at the temperature
acetone container disconnected and the cylinder at which the cylinder is finally weighed
weighed. in kilogram per litre.

ANNEX C
( Clause 19.2.4 )
DETERMINATION OF CRUSHING STRENGTH OF THE POROUS MASS

C-1 PRINCIPLE C-2.2 Micrometer, or other suitable instrument

shall be used to measure the deformation of the
At ambient temperature, a test piece of specified test piece.
dimensions is subjected to an increasing load
until either the test piece collapses or its height C-2.3 Equipments to measure the size of each
is reduced to 90 percent of its original value. test piece and to verify its geometrical form.
The crushing strength is calculated from the
maximum force and the dimensions of the test C-2.4 Drying oven, capable of being controlled
piece. a 110 ± 5°C.

C-2 APPARATUS C-2.5 Desiccator for cooling the specimen.

C-2.1 Mechanical or Hydraulic Crushing C-3 TEST PIECES

Strength Machine that will enable the load to be C-3.1 Section the cylinder tested for porosity
increased progressively and smoothly, and with according to 19.3.1 into two pieces and recover
a system of measurement that will enable the the porous mass from each half. Discard 50 mm
force exerted on the test piece to be known from the top and bottom of the porous m a s s.
within ± 2 percent shall be used. One of the From the balance porous mass make one cube
platens of the machine shall be mounted on a each from t o p , middle and bottom one-third of
spherical seating that will compensate for any the mass. Inspect the cubes for voids, cracks,
small error of parallelism between the face of water marks, etc. The cubes shall not have the
the test piece and the platen. The platens of above said defects.
the machine shall be ground and the lower one
shall be marked so as to facilitate placing the C-3.2 The sides of test cube shall be of
test piece at its centre. 45 ± 1 mm size.

13
IS 7312 : 1993

C-3.3 The load bearing faces of each test pieces C-4.5 Continue increasing the load until the
shall be parallel within a tolerance of 1 mm. test piece collapses ( fails to support the load ).
This condition shall be checked by making four Record the maximum load indicated during the
measurements of the height of the test piece, test.
one at the centre of each of its four sides; the
measurements shall not differ among themselves C-5 EXPRESSION OF RESULTS
by more than 1 mm.
C-5.1 The crushing strength is given, in newtons
C-3.4 The axis of each test piece shall be per- per square millimetre, by the formula
pendicular to its base within a tolerance of
1 mm. This condition shall be checked by
placing the test piece on a surface table or
surface plate and presenting a set square to the
centre of each of its four sides; any gap between where
the set square and the side of the test piece
shall not exceed 1 mm. C = The crushing strength of the porous
mass;
C-4 PROCEDURE
C.4.1 Measure the sides of each load-bearing E max = The maximum load, in newtons, indicat-
face of the test piece to the nearest 0.5 mm. ed during the test; and

C-4.2 Dry the test piece to constant mass in the a = Mean of the four measurements of the
oven, controlled at 110 ± 5°C for a maximum each side of the top face, in milli-
period of 8 hours and cool it to room tempera- metres.
lure in a desiccator.
C-5.2 The crushing strength shall be expressed
C-4.3 Place the test piece on one of its faces in in newtons per square millimetre, to the
the centre of the lower platen of the testing nearest 0.1 N/mm2.
machine.
NOTE — The Sl unit for crushing strength is the
C-4.4 Gradually and continuously increase the newton per square metre, but the newton per square
load. millimetre has been chosen for practical reasons.

14
Standard Mark
The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian
Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on
products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been
produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of
inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated
by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for con-
formity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence
for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be |
obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.
Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of
goods and attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any
form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications ), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also
reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that
no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision.
Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or
edition by referring to the latest issue of 'BIS Handbook' and 'Standards Monthly Additions'
Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving the following reference:
Doc : No. HMD 16(0132 )

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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