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Data Visualization With Ggplot2: Install Packages

The document discusses using the ggplot2 package in R to visualize and analyze the Titanic dataset. It shows examples of creating bar plots, histograms, boxplots, density plots, scatter plots, and line plots to examine trends in survival rates by variables like gender, passenger class, age, and fare. It also demonstrates how to customize aspects of the plots like scales, labels, themes and coordinates.

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Pablo Medrano
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63 views19 pages

Data Visualization With Ggplot2: Install Packages

The document discusses using the ggplot2 package in R to visualize and analyze the Titanic dataset. It shows examples of creating bar plots, histograms, boxplots, density plots, scatter plots, and line plots to examine trends in survival rates by variables like gender, passenger class, age, and fare. It also demonstrates how to customize aspects of the plots like scales, labels, themes and coordinates.

Uploaded by

Pablo Medrano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data visualization with ggplot2

Install packages
# remove comment for the first time
# install.packages( "ggplot2" )
# install.packages( "titanic" )

Preparations of the titanic dataset


library(titanic)

titanic.df <- titanic_train

View(titanic.df)

#for( n in names(titanic.df) )
# print( paste( n, class( titanic.df[,n] ) ) )

titanic.df$Survived <- as.factor( titanic.df$Survived )


titanic.df$Pclass <- as.factor( titanic.df$Pclass )
titanic.df$Sex <- as.factor( titanic.df$Sex )
titanic.df$Embarked <- as.factor( titanic.df$Embarked )

titanic.df$NumRelatives <- titanic.df$SibSp + titanic.df$Parch

library(ggplot2)
Bar plot
1. Survival rates
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Survived ) ) +
geom_bar()

2. Survival rate by gender


ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Sex, fill = Survived ) ) +
geom_bar()
3. Proportions of survival rate by gender
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Sex, fill = Survived ) ) +
geom_bar( position = "fill" )

4. Survival rate by Passenger class


ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Pclass, fill = Survived ) ) +
geom_bar()
5. Proportions of survival rate by Passenger class
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Pclass, fill = Survived ) ) +
geom_bar( position = "fill" )

6. Proportions of Passenger class by survival


ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Survived, fill = Pclass ) ) +
geom_bar( position = "fill" )
7. Survival rate by gender, but split barplot by Passenger class
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Sex, fill = Survived ) ) +
geom_bar( position = "fill" ) +
facet_wrap( ~ Pclass )

8. Survival rate by gender, but split barplot by Passenger class, bars next to each
other
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Sex, fill = Survived ) ) +
geom_bar( position = "dodge" ) +
facet_wrap( ~ Pclass )
Histograms, boxplots, density plots
1. Age distribution
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Age ) ) +
geom_histogram( binwidth = 5 )

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).

2. Age distribution by survival


ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Age, fill = Survived ) ) +
geom_histogram( binwidth = 5 )

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing non-finite values (stat_bin).


3. Age distribution by survival using boxplots
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Survived, y = Age ) ) +
geom_boxplot()

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing non-finite values (stat_boxplot).

4. Age distribution by survival and gender using boxplots


ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Survived, y = Age, fill = Sex ) ) +
geom_boxplot()
## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing non-finite values (stat_boxplot).

5. Age distribution by survival, gender and passenger class using transparent


density plots
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Age, fill = Survived ) ) +
facet_grid( Sex ~ Pclass ) +
geom_density( alpha = 0.5 )

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing non-finite values (stat_density).


6. Age distribution by survival, gender and passenger class using violin plots
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Sex, y = Age, fill = Survived ) ) +
facet_grid( ~ Pclass ) +
geom_violin()

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing non-finite values (stat_ydensity).


Scatter plots
1. Age vs fare
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Age, y = Fare ) ) +
geom_point()

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

2. Age vs fare, color by survival


ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Age, y = Fare, color = Survived ) ) +
geom_point()

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing missing values (geom_point).


3. Age vs fare, color by survival, shape by Pclass
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Age, y = Fare, color = Survived, shape =
Pclass ) ) +
geom_point( alpha = 0.5 )

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing missing values (geom_point).


4. Age vs fare, color by survival, shape by Pclass, size by number of relatives
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Age, y = Fare, color = Survived, shape =
Pclass, size = NumRelatives ) ) +
geom_point()

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

5. Age vs fare, color by survival, shape by Pclass, size by number of relatives,


semi-transparent points
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Age, y = Fare, color = Survived, shape =
Pclass, size = NumRelatives ) ) +
geom_point( alpha = 0.5 ) +
scale_size_continuous( breaks = c(0,2,4,6,10) ) +
scale_color_manual(values = c("red","yellow"))

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing missing values (geom_point).


6. Age vs number of relatives, color by survival, semi-transparent points
# devtools::install_github( "hrbrmstr/ggalt" )
library(ggalt)

ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Age, y = NumRelatives, color = Survived )


) +
geom_point( alpha = 0.5, size = 3 ) +
geom_encircle( data = subset( titanic.df,
Age < 25 & NumRelatives >= 4 & Survived == 0
),
aes( x = Age, y = NumRelatives ) )

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing missing values (geom_point).


7. Age vs fare, color by survival, smoothed estimator
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Age, y = Fare, color = Survived ) ) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth( method="lm") #

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing missing values (geom_point).


Line plots
1. connect people by Cabin numbers
ggplot( data = subset( titanic.df, Cabin != "" ),
aes( x = Age, y = Name, color = Survived ) ) +
geom_point() +
geom_line( aes( group = Cabin ) )

## Warning: Removed 19 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

## Warning: Removed 19 rows containing missing values (geom_path).


Fine tuning
Scales (color, fill, size, shape, linetype)
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Age, y = Fare, color = Survived, size = N
umRelatives ) ) +
geom_point( alpha = 0.5 ) +
scale_size_continuous( breaks = c(0,5,10),
name = "Number of\nrelatives" ) +
scale_color_manual( labels = c("False", "True"), values = c("red","yellow")
)

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Age, y = Fare, color = Survived, size = N


umRelatives ) ) +
geom_point( alpha = 0.5 ) +
scale_y_continuous( trans = "log2" ) +
labs( y = "Fare [$]" )

## Warning: Transformation introduced infinite values in continuous y-axis

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing missing values (geom_point).


ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Age, y = Fare, color = Survived, size = N
umRelatives ) ) +
geom_point( alpha = 0.5 ) +
labs( title = "Age vs. Fare" )

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing missing values (geom_point).


Coordinates
Flip
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Pclass, fill = Survived ) ) +
geom_bar() +
coord_flip()

Pie chart
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = factor(1), fill = Survived ) ) +
geom_bar( position="fill" ) +
facet_grid( Pclass ~ Sex ) +
coord_polar( theta = "y" )
Themes
ggplot( data = titanic.df, aes( x = Age, y = Fare, color = Survived, size = N
umRelatives ) ) +
geom_point( alpha = 0.5 ) +
theme_minimal() #

## Warning: Removed 177 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

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