Alg 2 Resource Ws CH 5 PDF

Chapter 5
Resource Masters
Consumable Workbooks
Many of the worksheets contained in the Chapter Resource Masters booklets
are available as consumable workbooks.
Study Guide and Intervention Workbook 0-07-828029-X
Skills Practice Workbook 0-07-828023-0
Practice Workbook 0-07-828024-9
ANSWERS FOR WORKBOOKS The answers for Chapter 5 of these workbooks

can be found in the back of this Chapter Resource Masters booklet.
Glenc
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M cGr
aw-H
ill
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ISBN: 0-07-828008-7 Algebra 2

Chapter 5 Resource Masters
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 066 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02
Contents
Vocabulary Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Lesson 5-7
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . 275–276
Lesson 5-1 Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . 239–240 Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . 279
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . 243
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Lesson 5-8
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Lesson 5-9
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Chapter 5 Assessment
Chapter 5 Test, Form 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 293–294
Lesson 5-4 Chapter 5 Test, Form 2A . . . . . . . . . . . 295–296
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . 257–258 Chapter 5 Test, Form 2B . . . . . . . . . . . 297–298
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Chapter 5 Test, Form 2C . . . . . . . . . . . 299–300
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Chapter 5 Test, Form 2D . . . . . . . . . . . 301–302
Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . 261 Chapter 5 Test, Form 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 303–304
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Chapter 5 Open-Ended Assessment . . . . . . 305
Chapter 5 Vocabulary Test/Review . . . . . . . 306
Lesson 5-5 Chapter 5 Quizzes 1 & 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . 263–264 Chapter 5 Quizzes 3 & 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Chapter 5 Mid-Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Chapter 5 Cumulative Review . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . 267 Chapter 5 Standardized Test Practice . . 311–312
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Standardized Test Practice
Lesson 5-6 Student Recording Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A1
ANSWERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A2–A38
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iii Glencoe Algebra 2

Teacher’s Guide to Using the
Chapter 5 Resource Masters
The Fast File Chapter Resource system allows you to conveniently file the resources
you use most often. The Chapter 5 Resource Masters includes the core materials needed
for Chapter 5. These materials include worksheets, extensions, and assessment options.
The answers for these pages appear at the back of this booklet.
All of the materials found in this booklet are included for viewing and printing in the
Algebra 2 TeacherWorks CD-ROM.
Vocabulary Builder Pages vii–viii Practice There is one master for each
include a student study tool that presents lesson. These problems more closely follow
up to twenty of the key vocabulary terms the structure of the Practice and Apply
from the chapter. Students are to record section of the Student Edition exercises.
definitions and/or examples for each term. These exercises are of average difficulty.
You may suggest that students highlight or
star the terms with which they are not WHEN TO USE These provide additional
familiar. practice options or may be used as
homework for second day teaching of the
WHEN TO USE Give these pages to lesson.
students before beginning Lesson 5-1.
Encourage them to add these pages to their Reading to Learn Mathematics
Algebra 2 Study Notebook. Remind them One master is included for each lesson. The
to add definitions and examples as they first section of each master asks questions
complete each lesson. about the opening paragraph of the lesson
in the Student Edition. Additional
Study Guide and Intervention questions ask students to interpret the
Each lesson in Algebra 2 addresses two context of and relationships among terms
objectives. There is one Study Guide and in the lesson. Finally, students are asked to
Intervention master for each objective. summarize what they have learned using
various representation techniques.
WHEN TO USE Use these masters as
reteaching activities for students who need WHEN TO USE This master can be used
additional reinforcement. These pages can as a study tool when presenting the lesson
also be used in conjunction with the Student or as an informal reading assessment after
Edition as an instructional tool for students presenting the lesson. It is also a helpful
who have been absent. tool for ELL (English Language Learner)
students.
Skills Practice There is one master for
each lesson. These provide computational Enrichment There is one extension
practice at a basic level. master for each lesson. These activities may
extend the concepts in the lesson, offer an
WHEN TO USE These masters can be historical or multicultural look at the
used with students who have weaker concepts, or widen students’ perspectives on
mathematics backgrounds or need the mathematics they are learning. These
additional reinforcement. are not written exclusively for honors
students, but are accessible for use with all
levels of students.
WHEN TO USE These may be used as
extra credit, short-term projects, or as
activities for days when class periods are
shortened.
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iv Glencoe Algebra 2

Assessment Options Intermediate Assessment
The assessment masters in the Chapter 5 • Four free-response quizzes are included
Resource Masters offer a wide range of to offer assessment at appropriate
assessment tools for intermediate and final intervals in the chapter.
assessment. The following lists describe each
• A Mid-Chapter Test provides an option
assessment master and its intended use.
to assess the first half of the chapter. It is
composed of both multiple-choice and
Chapter Assessment free-response questions.
CHAPTER TESTS
• Form 1 contains multiple-choice questions Continuing Assessment
and is intended for use with basic level • The Cumulative Review provides
students. students an opportunity to reinforce and
retain skills as they proceed through
• Forms 2A and 2B contain multiple-choice
their study of Algebra 2. It can also be
questions aimed at the average level
used as a test. This master includes
student. These tests are similar in format
free-response questions.
to offer comparable testing situations.
• The Standardized Test Practice offers
• Forms 2C and 2D are composed of free-
continuing review of algebra concepts in
response questions aimed at the average
various formats, which may appear on
level student. These tests are similar in
the standardized tests that they may
format to offer comparable testing
encounter. This practice includes multiple-
situations. Grids with axes are provided
choice, grid-in, and quantitative-
for questions assessing graphing skills.
comparison questions. Bubble-in and
• Form 3 is an advanced level test with grid-in answer sections are provided on
free-response questions. Grids without the master.
axes are provided for questions assessing
graphing skills.
Answers
All of the above tests include a free- • Page A1 is an answer sheet for the
response Bonus question. Standardized Test Practice questions
• The Open-Ended Assessment includes that appear in the Student Edition on
performance assessment tasks that are pages 282–283. This improves students’
suitable for all students. A scoring rubric familiarity with the answer formats they
is included for evaluation guidelines. may encounter in test taking.
Sample answers are provided for • The answers for the lesson-by-lesson
assessment. masters are provided as reduced pages
• A Vocabulary Test, suitable for all with answers appearing in red.
students, includes a list of the vocabulary • Full-size answer keys are provided for
words in the chapter and ten questions the assessment masters in this booklet.
assessing students’ knowledge of those
terms. This can also be used in conjunc-
tion with one of the chapter tests or as a
review worksheet.
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill v Glencoe Algebra 2

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5 Reading to Learn Mathematics

Vocabulary Builder
Vocabulary Builder
This is an alphabetical list of the key vocabulary terms you will learn in Chapter 5.
As you study the chapter, complete each term’s definition or description. Remember
to add the page number where you found the term. Add these pages to your Algebra
Study Notebook to review vocabulary at the end of the chapter.
Found
Vocabulary Term Definition/Description/Example
on Page
binomial
coefficient







KOH·uh·FIH·shuhnt
complex conjugates







KAHN·jih·guht
complex number
degree
extraneous solution







ehk·STRAY·nee·uhs
FOIL method
imaginary unit
like radical expressions
like terms
(continued on the next page)
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill vii Glencoe Algebra 2

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5 Reading to Learn Mathematics

Vocabulary Builder (continued)
Found
Vocabulary Term Definition/Description/Example
on Page
monomial
nth root
polynomial
power
principal root
pure imaginary number
radical equation
radical inequality
rationalizing the
denominator
synthetic division





sihn·THEH·tihk
trinomial
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill viii Glencoe Algebra 2

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-1 Study Guide and Intervention

Monomials
Monomials A monomial is a number, a variable, or the product of a number and one or
more variables. Constants are monomials that contain no variables.
1 1
Negative Exponent an n a for any real number a 0 and any integer n.
n and
n
a a
When you simplify an expression, you rewrite it without parentheses or negative

exponents. The following properties are useful when simplifying expressions.
Product of Powers am an am n for any real number a and integers m and n.
Lesson 5-1
am
Quotient of Powers am n for any real number a 0 and integers m and n.
an
For a, b real numbers and m, n integers:
(am )n amn
(ab)m ambm
Properties of Powers
ab
n an
,b0
bn
n
ab ab or
n bn
, a 0, b 0
an
Example Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.

(m4)3
a. (3m4n2)(5mn)2 b.
(2m2)2
(3m4n2)(5mn)2 3m4n2 25m2n2 (m4)3
75m4m2n2n2 m12
2
(2m )2
1
75m4 2n2 2
4m4
75m6
m12 4m4
4m16
Exercises
Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.
b8
1. c12 c4 c6 c14 2. 2 b 6 3. (a4)5 a 20
b
x2 y y 2
a2b 1 b x2y 2 x2
4.
x4y1 6x
5.
3 2 a b
a5
6. 3
xy

y4
1 8m3n2 2m2
7. (5a2b3)2(abc)2 5a6b 8c 2 8. m7 m8 m15 9. 3
5 4mn n
23c4t2 24j 2 2mn2(3m2n)2 3

10.
2 4 2 2 11. 4j(2j2k2)(3j 3k7) 12.
3 4 m 2
2 c t 5 k 12m n 2
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 239 Glencoe Algebra 2

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-1 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
Monomials
Scientific Notation
Scientific notation A number expressed in the form a 10n, where 1 a 10 and n is an integer
Example 1 Express 46,000,000 in scientific notation.

46,000,000 4.6 10,000,000 1 4.6 10
4.6 107 Write 10,000,000 as a power of ten.
Example 2 3.5 104

Evaluate
2 . Express the result in scientific notation.
5 10
3.5 104 3.5 104
2
5 10 5 102
0.7 106
7 105
Exercises
Express each number in scientific notation.
1. 24,300 2. 0.00099 3. 4,860,000

2.43 104 9.9 104 4.86 106
4. 525,000,000 5. 0.0000038 6. 221,000
5.25 108 3.8 106 2.21 105
7. 0.000000064 8. 16,750 9. 0.000369
6.4 108 1.675 104 3.69 104
Evaluate. Express the result in scientific notation.
10. (3.6 104)(5 103) 11. (1.4 108)(8 1012) 12. (4.2 103)(3 102)
1.8 108 1.12 105 1.26 104
9.5 107 1.62 102 4.81 108
13. 2 14. 15.
3.8 10 1.8 10
5 6.5 10
4
2.5 109 9 108 7.4 103

16. (3.2 103)2 17. (4.5 107)2 18. (6.8 105)2
1.024 105 2.025 1015 4.624 109
19. ASTRONOMY Pluto is 3,674.5 million miles from the sun. Write this number in
scientific notation. Source: New York Times Almanac 3.6745 109 miles
20. CHEMISTRY The boiling point of the metal tungsten is 10,220°F. Write this
temperature in scientific notation. Source: New York Times Almanac 1.022 104
21. BIOLOGY The human body contains 0.0004% iodine by weight. How many pounds of
iodine are there in a 120-pound teenager? Express your answer in scientific notation.
Source: Universal Almanac 4.8 104 lb

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-1 Skills Practice

Monomials
1. b4 b3 b 7 2. c5 c2 c2 c 9
1
3. a4 a3 7 4. x5 x4 x x 2
a
5. (g4)2 g 8 6. (3u)3 27u 3
Lesson 5-1
7. (x)4 x 4 8. 5(2z)3 40z 3
9. (3d)4 81d 4 10. (2t2)3 8t 6
s15
11. (r7)3 r 21 12.
12 s
3
s
k9 1
10
13. 14. (3f 3g)3 27f 9g 3
k k
15. (2x)2(4y)2 64x 2y 2 16. 2gh( g3h5) 2g 4h 6
24wz7 8z 2
17. 10x2y3(10xy8) 100x 3y11 18. 3 5 2
3w z w
2
6a4bc8 c7 10pq4r 2q
19. 3 20.
7 2
36a b c 6a b 5p q r p
3 2 2
21. 53,000 5.3 104 22. 0.000248 2.48 104
23. 410,100,000 4.101 108 24. 0.00000805 8.05 106

9.6 107
25. (4 103)(1.6 106) 6.4 103 26. 3 6.4 10
10
1.5 10

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-1 Practice (Average)
Monomials
1. n5 n2 n7 2. y7 y3 y2 y12
1
3. t9 t8 t 4. x4 x4 x4 4
x
8c9
5. (2f 4)6 64f 24 6. (2b2c3)3
b6
20d 3t 2
7. (4d 2t5v4)(5dt3v1) 5 8. 8u(2z)3 64uz 3
v
12m8 y64m 7y 2 6s5x3 s4
9. 4
9my 3
10. 7 4
18sx 3x
27x (x ) 27x 6
3 7 4
3r 2s z
2
11. 12.
16x4 16 2 3 6
9r 4s 6z 12
256
13. (4w3z5)(8w)2 5 14. (m4n6)4(m3n2p5)6 m 34n 36p 30
wz
6
2x3y2 2 y
3
4

4 3
15. d 2f 4 d 5f 12d 23f 19 16.
2 3 2 5 x y 4x 2
(3x2y3)(5xy8) 15x11 20(m2v)(v)3 4v2
17.
3 4 2 3
(x ) y
18.
2 4 2
y 5(v) (m ) m
19. 896,000 20. 0.000056 21. 433.7 108

8.96 105 5.6 105 4.337 1010

2.7 106
22. (4.8 102)(6.9 104) 23. (3.7 109)(8.7 102) 24.
9 10
10
3.312 107 3.219 1012 3 105

25. COMPUTING The term bit, short for binary digit, was first used in 1946 by John Tukey.
A single bit holds a zero or a one. Some computers use 32-bit numbers, or strings of
32 consecutive bits, to identify each address in their memories. Each 32-bit number
corresponds to a number in our base-ten system. The largest 32-bit number is nearly
4,295,000,000. Write this number in scientific notation. 4.295 109
26. LIGHT When light passes through water, its velocity is reduced by 25%. If the speed of
light in a vacuum is 1.86 105 miles per second, at what velocity does it travel through
water? Write your answer in scientific notation. 1.395 105 mi/s
27. TREES Deciduous and coniferous trees are hard to distinguish in a black-and-white
photo. But because deciduous trees reflect infrared energy better than coniferous trees,
the two types of trees are more distinguishable in an infrared photo. If an infrared
wavelength measures about 8 107 meters and a blue wavelength measures about
4.5 107 meters, about how many times longer is the infrared wavelength than the
blue wavelength? about 1.8 times

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-1 Reading to Learn Mathematics

Monomials
Pre-Activity Why is scientific notation useful in economics?
Read the introduction to Lesson 5-1 at the top of page 222 in your textbook.
Your textbook gives the U.S. public debt as an example from economics that
involves large numbers that are difficult to work with when written in
standard notation. Give an example from science that involves very large
numbers and one that involves very small numbers. Sample answer:
distances between Earth and the stars, sizes of molecules
and atoms
Lesson 5-1
Reading the Lesson
1. Tell whether each expression is a monomial or not a monomial. If it is a monomial, tell
whether it is a constant or not a constant.
a. 3x2 monomial; not a constant b. y2 5y 6 not a monomial
1
c. 73 monomial; constant d.
z not a monomial
2. Complete the following definitions of a negative exponent and a zero exponent.

1

For any real number a 0 and any integer n, an n.
a
For any real number a 0, a0 1 .
3. Name the property or properties of exponents that you would use to simplify each
expression. (Do not actually simplify.)
m8
a. 3 quotient of powers
m
b. y6 y9 product of powers
c. (3r2s)4 power of a product and power of a power
Helping You Remember

4. When writing a number in scientific notation, some students have trouble remembering
when to use positive exponents and when to use negative ones. What is an easy way to
remember this? Sample answer: Use a positive exponent if the number is
10 or greater. Use a negative number if the number is less than 1.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-1 Enrichment
Properties of Exponents
The rules about powers and exponents are usually given with letters such as m, n,
and k to represent exponents. For example, one rule states that am an am n.
In practice, such exponents are handled as algebraic expressions and the rules of
algebra apply.
Example 1 Simplify 2a2(a n 1 a 4n).

2a2(an 1 a4n) 2a2 an 1 2a2 a4n Use the Distributive Law.
2a2 n 1 2a2 4n Recall am an am n.
2an 3 2a2 4n Simplify the exponent 2 n 1 as n 3.
It is important always to collect like terms only.
Example 2 Simplify (a n bm)2.

(an bm)2 (an bm)(an bm)
F O I L
a a a b a b b bm
n n n m n m m The second and third terms are like terms.
a2n 2anbm b2m
Simplify each expression by performing the indicated operations.
1. 232m 2. (a3)n 3. (4nb2)k
4. (x3a j )m 5. (ayn)3 6. (bkx)2
7. (c2)hk 8. (2dn)5 9. (a2b)(anb2)
an 12x3
10. (xnym)(xmyn) 11. 2 12. n
4x
13. (ab2 a2b)(3an 4bn)
14. ab2(2a2bn 1 4abn 6bn 1)

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Polynomials
Add and Subtract Polynomials
Polynomial a monomial or a sum of monomials
Like Terms terms that have the same variable(s) raised to the same power(s)
To add or subtract polynomials, perform the indicated operations and combine like terms.
Example 1 Simplify 6rs 18r 2 5s2 14r 2 8rs 6s2.

6rs 18r2 5s2 14r2 8rs 6s2
(18r2 14r2) (6rs 8rs) (5s2 6s2) Group like terms.
4r2 2rs 11s2 Combine like terms.
Example 2 Simplify 4xy2 12xy 7x 2y (20xy 5xy2 8x 2y).

4xy2 12xy 7x2y (20xy 5xy2 8x2y)
4xy2 12xy 7x2y 20xy 5xy2 8x2y Distribute the minus sign.
(7x2y 8x2y ) (4xy2 5xy2) (12xy 20xy) Group like terms.
Lesson 5-2
x2y xy2 8xy Combine like terms.
Exercises
Simplify.
1. (6x2 3x 2) (4x2 x 3) 2. (7y2 12xy 5x2) (6xy 4y2 3x2)

2x 2 4x 5 3y 2 18xy 8x 2
3. (4m2 6m) (6m 4m2) 4. 27x2 5y2 12y2 14x2
8m 2 12m 13x 2 7y 2
5. (18p2 11pq 6q2) (15p2 3pq 4q2) 6. 17j 2 12k2 3j 2 15j 2 14k2
3p 2 14pq 10q 2 5j 2 2k 2
7. (8m2 7n2) (n2 12m2) 8. 14bc 6b 4c 8b 8c 8bc
20m 2 8n 2 14b 22bc 12c
9. 6r2s 11rs2 3r2s 7rs2 15r2s 9rs2 10. 9xy 11x2 14y2 (6y2 5xy 3x2)
24r 2s 5rs 2 14x 2 4xy 20y 2
11. (12xy 8x 3y) (15x 7y 8xy) 12. 10.8b2 5.7b 7.2 (2.9b2 4.6b 3.1)
7x 4xy 4y 7.9b 2 1.1b 10.3
13. (3bc 9b2 6c2) (4c2 b2 5bc) 14. 11x2 4y2 6xy 3y2 5xy 10x2
10b 2 8bc 2c 2 x 2 xy 7y 2
1 3 1 1 1 3
15. x2 xy y2 xy y2 x2 16. 24p3 15p2 3p 15p3 13p2 7p
4 8 2 2 4 8
1 7 3
x 2 xy y 2 9p 3 2p 2 4p
8 8 4

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Polynomials
Multiply Polynomials You use the distributive property when you multiply
polynomials. When multiplying binomials, the FOIL pattern is helpful.
To multiply two binomials, add the products of

F the first terms,
FOIL Pattern O the outer terms,
I the inner terms, and
L the last terms.
Example 1 Find 4y(6 2y 5y 2).

4y(6 2y 5y2) 4y(6) 4y(2y) 4y(5y2) Distributive Property
24y 8y2 20y3 Multiply the monomials.
Example 2 Find (6x 5)(2x 1).

(6x 5)(2x 1) 6x 2x 6x 1 (5) 2x (5) 1
First terms Outer terms Inner terms Last terms
12x 6x 10x 5
2 Multiply monomials.
12x2 4x 5 Add like terms.
Exercises
Find each product.
1. 2x(3x2 5) 2. 7a(6 2a a2) 3. 5y2( y2 2y 3)

6x 3 10x 42a 14a 2 7a 3 5y 4 10y 3 15y 2
4. (x 2)(x 7) 5. (5 4x)(3 2x) 6. (2x 1)(3x 5)

x2 5x 14 15 22x 8x 2 6x 2 7x 5
7. (4x 3)(x 8) 8. (7x 2)(2x 7) 9. (3x 2)(x 10)

4x 2 35x 24 14x 2 53x 14 3x 2 28x 20
10. 3(2a 5c) 2(4a 6c) 11. 2(a 6)(2a 7) 12. 2x(x 5) x2(3 x)
2a 27c 4a 2 10a 84 x 3 x 2 10x
13. (3t2 8)(t2 5) 14. (2r 7)2 15. (c 7)(c 3)

3t 4 7t 2 40 4r 2 28r 49 c 2 4c 21
16. (5a 7)(5a 7) 17. (3x2 1)(2x2 5x)

25a 2 49 6x 4 15x 3 2x 2 5x
18. (x2 2)(x2 5) 19. (x 1)(2x2 3x 1)

x 4 7x 2 10 2x 3 x 2 2x 1
20. (2n2 3)(n2 5n 1) 21. (x 1)(x2 3x 4)

2n 4 10n 3 5n 2 15n 3 x 3 4x 2 7x 4

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-2 Skills Practice

Polynomials
Determine whether each expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, state the
degree of the polynomial.
b2c 1
1. x2 2x 2 yes; 2 2. 4 no 3. 8xz y yes; 2
d 2
Simplify.
4. (g 5) (2g 7) 5. (5d 5) (d 1)
3g 12 4d 4
6. (x2 3x 3) (2x2 7x 2) 7. (2f 2 3f 5) (2f 2 3f 8)

3x 2 4x 5 4f 2 6f 3
8. (4r2 6r 2) (r2 3r 5) 9. (2x2 3xy) (3x2 6xy 4y2)

5r 2 9r 3 x 2 3xy 4y 2
Lesson 5-2
10. (5t 7) (2t2 3t 12) 11. (u 4) (6 3u2 4u)
2t 2 8t 5 3u 2 5u 10
12. 5(2c2 d 2) 13. x2(2x 9)

10c 2 5d 2 2x 3 9x 2
14. 2q(3pq 4q4) 15. 8w(hk2 10h3m4 6k5w3)

6pq 2 8q 5 8hk 2w 80h 3m 4w 48k 5w 4
16. m2n3(4m2n2 2mnp 7) 17. 3s2y(2s4y2 3sy3 4)

4m 4n 5 2m 3n 4p 7m 2n 3 6s 6y 3 9s3y 4 12s 2y
18. (c 2)(c 8) 19. (z 7)(z 4)

c2 10c 16 z 2 3z 28
20. (a 5)2 21. (2x 3)(3x 5)

a2 10a 25 6x 2 19x 15
22. (r 2s)(r 2s) 23. (3y 4)(2y 3)

r2 4s 2 6y 2 y 12
24. (3 2b)(3 2b) 25. (3w 1)2

9 4b 2 9w 2 6w 1

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Polynomials
Determine whether each expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, state the
degree of the polynomial.
4 12m8n9
1. 5x3 2xy4 6xy yes; 5 2. ac a5d3 yes; 8 3. 2 no
3 (m n)
5 6
4. 25x3z x78
yes; 4 5. 6c2 c 1 no 6. no
r s
Simplify.
7. (3n2 1) (8n2 8) 8. (6w 11w2) (4 7w2)

11n 2 7 18w 2 6w 4
9. (6n 13n2) (3n 9n2) 10. (8x2 3x) (4x2 5x 3)
9n 4n 2 4x 2 8x 3
11. (5m2 2mp 6p2) (3m2 5mp p2) 12. (2x2 xy y2) (3x2 4xy 3y2)
8m 2 7mp 7p 2 x 2 3xy 4y 2
13. (5t 7) (2t2 3t 12) 14. (u 4) (6 3u2 4u)
2t 2 8t 5 3u 2 5u 10
15. 9( y2 7w) 16. 9r4y2(3ry7 2r3y4 8r10)
9y 2 63w 27r 5y 9 18r 7y 6 72r14y 2
17. 6a2w(a3w aw4) 18. 5a2w3(a2w6 3a4w2 9aw6)
6a 5w 2 6a 3w 5 5a4w 9 15a 6w 5 45a 3w 9
3
19. 2x2(x2 xy 2y2) 20. ab3d2(5ab2d5 5ab)
5
2x 4 2x 3y 4x 2y 2 3a 2b 5d 7 3a 2b4d 2
21. (v2 6)(v2 4) 22. (7a 9y)(2a y)
v4 2v 2 24 14a 2 11ay 9y 2
23. ( y 8)2 24. (x2 5y)2
y 2 16y 64 x 4 10x 2y 25y 2
25. (5x 4w)(5x 4w) 26. (2n4 3)(2n4 3)
25x 2 16w 2 4n8 9
27. (w 2s)(w2 2ws 4s2) 28. (x y)(x2 3xy 2y2)
w3 8s3 x 3 2x 2y xy 2 2y 3
29. BANKING Terry invests $1500 in two mutual funds. The first year, one fund grows 3.8%
and the other grows 6%. Write a polynomial to represent the amount Terry’s $1500
grows to in that year if x represents the amount he invested in the fund with the lesser
growth rate. 0.022x 1590
30. GEOMETRY The area of the base of a rectangular box measures 2x2 4x 3 square
units. The height of the box measures x units. Find a polynomial expression for the
volume of the box. 2x 3 4x 2 3x units3

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Polynomials
Pre-Activity How can polynomials be applied to financial situations?
Suppose that Shenequa decides to enroll in a five-year engineering program
rather than a four-year program. Using the model given in your textbook,
how could she estimate the tuition for the fifth year of her program? (Do
not actually calculate, but describe the calculation that would be necessary.)
Multiply $15,604 by 1.04.
Reading the Lesson

1. State whether the terms in each of the following pairs are like terms or unlike terms.
a. 3x2, 3y2 unlike terms b. m4, 5m4 like terms
c. 8r3, 8s3 unlike terms d. 6, 6 like terms
Lesson 5-2
2. State whether each of the following expressions is a monomial, binomial, trinomial, or
not a polynomial. If the expression is a polynomial, give its degree.
a. 4r4 2r 1 trinomial; degree 4 b. 3x
not a polynomial
c. 5x 4y binomial; degree 1 d. 2ab 4ab2 6ab3 trinomial; degree 4
3. a. What is the FOIL method used for in algebra? to multiply binomials

b. The FOIL method is an application of what property of real numbers?
Distributive Property
c. In the FOIL method, what do the letters F, O, I, and L mean?
first, outer, inner, last
d. Suppose you want to use the FOIL method to multiply (2x 3)(4x 1). Show the
terms you would multiply, but do not actually multiply them.
F (2x)(4x)
O (2x)(1)
I (3)(4x)
L (3)(1)

4. You can remember the difference between monomials, binomials, and trinomials by
thinking of common English words that begin with the same prefixes. Give two words
unrelated to mathematics that start with mono-, two that begin with bi-, and two that
begin with tri-. Sample answer: monotonous, monogram; bicycle, bifocal;
tricycle, tripod

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-2 Enrichment
Polynomials with Fractional Coefficients

Polynomials may have fractional coefficients as long as there are no variables
in the denominators. Computing with fractional coefficients is performed in
the same way as computing with whole-number coefficients.
Simpliply. Write all coefficients as fractions.
35 2 1
73
1. m p n p m n
7 3
5
2
3
4
32
4 5 1 2 7 6 1 3
2. x y z x y z x y z
3 4 4 5 8 7 2 8
12 56
1 1 2 3 4
3. a2 ab b2 a2 ab b2
3 4 3 4 3
12 1 1
13
4. a2 ab b2 a2 ab b2
3 4
1
2
5
6
12 12
1 1 2 1
5. a2 ab b2 a b
3 4 3 4
23 1 2
23
6. a2 a a3 a2 a
5 7
1
5
2
7
23 3
45
7. x2 x 2 x x2
4
1
6
1
2
16 16
1 1 1 1 1 1
8. x x4 x2 x3 x
3 6 2 3 3 3

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Dividing Polynomials
Use Long Division To divide a polynomial by a monomial, use the properties of powers
from Lesson 5-1.
To divide a polynomial by a polynomial, use a long division pattern. Remember that only
like terms can be added or subtracted.
Example 1 12p3t2r 21p2qtr2 9p3tr

Simplify
2 .
3p tr
12p3t2r 21p2qtr2 9p3tr 12p3t2r 21p2qtr2 9p3tr

3p2tr 3p2tr 3p2tr 3p2tr
12 21 9
p3 2t2 1r1 1 p2 2qt1 1r2 1 p3 2t1 1r1 1
3 3 3
4pt 7qr 3p
Example 2 Use long division to find (x3 8x2 4x 9) (x 4).

x2 4x 12
x 4
x
3
8
x
2
4
x
9
()x 4x
3 2
4x2 4x
()4x2 16x
12x 9
()12x 48
57
The quotient is x2 4x 12, and the remainder is 57.
x3 8x2 4x 9 57
Lesson 5-3
Therefore x2 4x 12 .
x4 x4
Exercises
Simplify.
18a3 30a2 24mn6 40m2n3 60a2b3 48b4 84a5b2
1. 2.
2 3 3.
2
3a 4m n 12ab
6n 3 4b2
6a 2 10a 10 5ab 7a 4
m a
4. (2x2 5x 3)
(x 3) 5. (m2 3m 7)
(m 2)
3
2x 1 m5
m2
6. (p3 6)
(p 1) 7. (t3 6t2 1)
(t 2)
5 31
p2 p 1
p1
t 2 8t 16
t2
8. (x5 1)
(x 1) 9. (2x3 5x2 4x 4)
(x 2)
x4 x3 x2 x 1 2x 2 x 2

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Use Synthetic Division
a procedure to divide a polynomial by a binomial using coefficients of the dividend and
Synthetic division
the value of r in the divisor x r
Use synthetic division to find (2x3 5x2 5x 2)

(x 1).
Step 1 Write the terms of the dividend so that the degrees of the terms are in 2x 3 5x 2 5x 2
descending order. Then write just the coefficients. 2 5 5 2
Step 2 Write the constant r of the divisor x r to the left, In this case, r 1. 1 2 5 5 2
Bring down the first coefficient, 2, as shown.
2
Step 3 Multiply the first coefficient by r, 1 2 2. Write their product under the 1 2 5 5 2
second coefficient. Then add the product and the second coefficient: 2
5 2 3. 2 3
Step 4 Multiply the sum, 3, by r: 3 1 3. Write the product under the next 1 2 5 5 2
coefficient and add: 5 (3) 2. 2 3
2 3 2
coefficient and add: 2 2 0. The remainder is 0. 2 3 2
2 3 2 0
Thus, (2x3 5x2 5x 2)

(x 1) 2x2 3x 2.
Exercises
Simplify.
1. (3x3 7x2 9x 14)

(x 2) 2. (5x3 7x2 x 3)
(x 1)
3x 2 x 7 5x 2 2x 3
3. (2x3 3x2 10x 3)

(x 3) 4. (x3 8x2 19x 9)
(x 4)
3
2x 2 3x 1 x 2 4x 3
x4
5. (2x3 10x2 9x 38)
(x 5) 6. (3x3 8x2 16x 1)
(x 1)
7 10
2x 2 9
x5
3x 2 5x 11
x1
7. (x3 9x2 17x 1)
(x 2) 8. (4x3 25x2 4x 20)
(x 6)
5 8
x 2 7x 3
x2
4x 2 x 2
x6
9. (6x3 28x2 7x 9)
(x 5) 10. (x4 4x3 x2 7x 2)
(x 2)
6
6x 2 2x 3
x5
x 3 2x 2 3x 1
65
11. (12x4 20x3 24x2 20x 35)
(3x 5) 4x 3 8x 20
3x 5

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-3 Skills Practice

Simplify.
10c 6 12x 20
1. 5c 3 2. 3x 5
2 4
15y3 6y2 3y 12x2 4x 8 2

3. 5y 2 2y 1 4. 3x 1
3y 4x x
5. (15q6 5q2)(5q4)1 6. (4f 5 6f 4 12f 3 8f 2)(4f 2)1

1 3f 2
3q 2 2 f 3 3f 2
q 2
7. (6j 2k 9jk2)
3jk 8. (4a2h2 8a3h 3a4)
(2a2)
3a 2
2j 3k 2h 2 4ah
2
9. (n2 7n 10)
(n 5) 10. (d 2 4d 3)
(d 1)
n2 d3
11. (2s2 13s 15)

(s 5) 12. (6y2 y 2)(2y 1)1
2s 3 3y 2
Lesson 5-3
13. (4g2 9)
(2g 3) 14. (2x2 5x 4)
(x 3)
1
2g 3 2x 1
x3
u2 5u 12 2x2 5x 4
15. 16.
u3 x3
12 1
u8
u3
2x 1
x3
17. (3v2 7v 10)(v 4)1 18. (3t4 4t3 32t2 5t 20)(t 4)1
10
3v 5
v4
3t 3 8t 2 5
y3 y2 6 2x3 x2 19x 15
19. 20.
y2 x3
18 3
y 2 3y 6
y2
2x 2 5x 4
x3
21. (4p3 3p2 2p)
( p 1) 22. (3c4 6c3 2c 4)(c 2)1
3 8
4p 2 p 3
p1
3c 3 2
c2
23. GEOMETRY The area of a rectangle is x3 8x2 13x 12 square units. The width of
the rectangle is x 4 units. What is the length of the rectangle? x 2 4x 3 units

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Simplify.
15r10 5r8 40r2 8 6k2m 12k3m2 9m3 3k 9m
1. 4 3r 6 r 4 2 2.
2 6k 2
5r r 2km m 2k
3. (30x3y 12x2y2 18x2y)

(6x2y) 4. (6w3z4 3w2z5 4w 5z)
(2w2z)
3z 2 4 5
5x 2y 3 3wz 3 2
2 wz 2w
5. (4a3 8a2 a2)(4a)1 6. (28d 3k2 d 2k2 4dk2)(4dk2)1
a d
a 2 2a 7d 2 1
4 4
f 2 7f 10 2x2 3x 14
7. f 5 8. 2x 7
f2 x2
9. (a3 64)
(a 4) a 2 4a 16 10. (b3 27)
(b 3) b 2 3b 9
2x3 6x 152 2x 4x 6
3 72
11. 2x 2 8x 38 12. 2x 2 6x 22
x4 x3 x3
13. (3w3 7w2 4w 3)

(w 3) 14. (6y4 15y3 28y 6)
(y 2)
3 26
3w 2 2w 2 6y 3 3y 2 6y 16
w3 y2
15. (x4 3x3 11x2 3x 10)
(x 5) 16. (3m5 m 1)
(m 1)
5
x3 2x 2 x 2 3m4 3m 3 3m 2 3m 4
m1
17. (x4 3x3 5x 6)(x 2)1 18. (6y2 5y 15)(2y 3)1
24 6
x 3 5x 2 10x 15 3y 7
x2 2y 3
4x2 2x 6 6x2 x 7
19. 20.
2x 3 3x 1
12 6
2x 2 2x 1
2x 3 3x 1
21. (2r3 5r2 2r 15)
(2r 3) 22. (6t3 5t2 2t 1)
(3t 1)
2
r 2 4r 5 2t 2 t 1
3t 1
4p4 17p2 14p 3 2h4 h3 h2 h 3
23. 24.
2p 3 2 h 1
2p 3p 2 4p
3 1 2h h 3
2
25. GEOMETRY The area of a rectangle is 2x2 11x 15 square feet. The length of the
rectangle is 2x 5 feet. What is the width of the rectangle? x 3 ft
26. GEOMETRY The area of a triangle is 15x4 3x3 4x2 x 3 square meters. The
length of the base of the triangle is 6x2 2 meters. What is the height of the triangle?
5x 2 x 3 m

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Pre-Activity How can you use division of polynomials in manufacturing?
Using the division symbol (
), write the division problem that you would
use to answer the question asked in the introduction. (Do not actually
divide.) (32x2 x) (8x)
Reading the Lesson

1. a. Explain in words how to divide a polynomial by a monomial. Divide each term of
the polynomial by the monomial.
b. If you divide a trinomial by a monomial and get a polynomial, what kind of
polynomial will the quotient be? trinomial
2. Look at the following division example that uses the division algorithm for polynomials.
2x 4
x 4
2x2 4x 7
2x2 8x
4x 7
4x 16
23
Which of the following is the correct way to write the quotient? C
23 23
A. 2x 4 B. x 4 C. 2x 4 D.
x4 x4
Lesson 5-3
3. If you use synthetic division to divide x3 3x2 5x 8 by x 2, the division will look
like this:
2 1 3 5 8
2 10 10
1 5 5 2
Which of the following is the answer for this division problem? B
2
A. x2 5x 5 B. x2 5x 5
x2
2
C. x3 5x2 5x D. x3 5x2 5x 2
x2

4. When you translate the numbers in the last row of a synthetic division into the quotient
and remainder, what is an easy way to remember which exponents to use in writing the
terms of the quotient? Sample answer: Start with the power that is one less
than the degree of the dividend. Decrease the power by one for each
term after the first. The final number will be the remainder. Drop any term
that is represented by a 0.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-3 Enrichment
Oblique Asymptotes
The graph of y ax b, where a 0, is called an oblique asymptote of y f(x)
if the graph of f comes closer and closer to the line as x → ∞ or x → ∞. ∞ is the
mathematical symbol for infinity, which means endless.
2
For f(x) 3x 4 , y 3x 4 is an oblique asymptote because
x
f(x) 3x 4 , and → 0 as x → ∞ or ∞. In other words, as | x |
2 2
x x
2
increases, the value of gets smaller and smaller approaching 0.
x
Example x2 8x 15
Find the oblique asymptote for f(x) .
x2
2 1 8 15 Use synthetic division.
2 12
1 6 3
x2 8x 15 3
y x 6
x2 x2
As | x | increases, the value of gets smaller. In other words, since

3
x2
3
→ 0 as x → ∞ or x → ∞, y x 6 is an oblique asymptote.
x2
Use synthetic division to find the oblique asymptote for each function.
8x2 4x 11
1. y
x5
x2 3x 15
2. y
x2
x2 2x 18
3. y
x3
ax2 bx c
4. y
xd
ax2 bx c
5. y
xd

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Factoring Polynomials
Factor Polynomials
For any number of terms, check for:
greatest common factor
For two terms, check for:
Difference of two squares
a 2 b 2 (a b)(a b)
Sum of two cubes
a 3 b 3 (a b)(a 2 ab b 2)
Difference of two cubes
a 3 b 3 (a b)(a 2 ab b 2)
Techniques for Factoring Polynomials For three terms, check for:
Perfect square trinomials
a 2 2ab b 2 (a b)2
a 2 2ab b 2 (a b)2
General trinomials
acx 2 (ad bc)x bd (ax b)(cx d)
For four terms, check for:
Grouping
ax bx ay by x(a b) y(a b)
(a b)(x y)
Example Factor 24x2 42x 45.

First factor out the GCF to get 24x2 42x 45 3(8x2 14x 15). To find the coefficients
of the x terms, you must find two numbers whose product is 8 (15) 120 and whose
sum is 14. The two coefficients must be 20 and 6. Rewrite the expression using 20x and
6x and factor by grouping.
8x2 14x 15 8x2 20x 6x 15 Group to find a GCF.
4x(2x 5) 3(2x 5) Factor the GCF of each binomial.
(4x 3)(2x 5) Distributive Property
Thus, 24x2 42x 45 3(4x 3)(2x 5).
Lesson 5-4
Exercises
Factor completely. If the polynomial is not factorable, write prime.
1. 14x2y2 42xy3 2. 6mn 18m n 3 3. 2x2 18x 16

14xy 2(x 3y) (6m 1)(n 3) 2(x 8)(x 1)
4. x4 1 5. 35x3y4 60x4y 6. 2r3 250

(x 2 1)(x 1)(x 1) 5x 3y(7y 3 12x) 2(r 5)(r 2 5r 25)
7. 100m8 9 8. x2 x 1 9. c4 c3 c2 c
(10m 4 3)(10m 4 3) prime c(c 1)2 (c 1)

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Simplify Quotients In the last lesson you learned how to simplify the quotient of two
polynomials by using long division or synthetic division. Some quotients can be simplified by
using factoring.
Example 8x2 11x 12

Simplify .
2x 13x 24
2
8x2 11x 12 (2x 3)( x 4)

Factor the numerator and denominator.
2x2 13x 24 (x 8)(2x 3)
x4
3
Divide. Assume x 8, .
x8 2
Exercises
Simplify. Assume that no denominator is equal to 0.
x2 7x 12 x2 6x 5 x2 11x 30
1. 2. 3.
x x6
2 2x x 3
2 x 5x 6
2
x4 x5 x5

x2 2x 3 x1
x2 x 6 2x2 5x 3 5x2 9x 2
4. 5. 6.
x 7x 10
2 4x 11x 3
2 x 5x 6
2
x3 2x 1 5x 1

x5 4x 1 x3
4x2 4x 3 6x2 25x 4 x2 7x 10

7. 8. 9.
2x x 6
2 x 6x 8
2 3x 8x 35
2
2x 1 6x 1 x2

x2 x2 3x 7
4x2 16x 15 3x2 4x 15 x2 14x 49

10. 11. 12.
2 2x x 3 2x 3x 9
2 2x 2x 35
2x 5 3x 5 x7

x1 2x 3 x5
x2 81 7x2 11x 6 4x2 12x 9

13. 14. 15.
2 2x 23x 45 2 x 4 2x 13x 24
2
x9 7x 3 2x 3

2x 5 x2 x8
4x2 4x 3 y3 64 27x3 8
16. 17. 18.
3 8x 1 3y 17y 20
2 9x 4
2
2x 3 y 2 4y 16 9x 2 6x 4

4x 2x 1
2 3y 5 3x 2

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-4 Skills Practice

1. 7x2 14x 2. 19x3 38x2

7x(x 2) 19x 2(x 2)
3. 21x3 18x2y 24xy2 4. 8j 3k 4jk3 7

3x(7x2 6xy 8y 2) prime
5. a2 7a 18 6. 2ak 6a k 3
(a 9)(a 2) (2a 1)(k 3)
7. b2 8b 7 8. z2 8z 10
(b 7)(b 1) prime
9. m2 7m 18 10. 2x2 3x 5
(m 2)(m 9) (2x 5)(x 1)
11. 4z2 4z 15 12. 4p2 4p 24

(2z 5)(2z 3) 4(p 2)(p 3)
13. 3y2 21y 36 14. c2 100

3(y 4)(y 3) (c 10)(c 10)
15. 4f 2 64 16. d 2 12d 36

4(f 4)(f 4) (d 6)2
17. 9x2 25 18. y2 18y 81
Lesson 5-4
prime (y 9)2
19. n3 125 20. m4 1

(n 5)(n 2 5n 25) (m 2 1)(m 1)(m 1)

x2 7x 18 x 2
x2 4x 3 x 1

21. 22.
x2 4x 45 x 5 x2 6x 9 x 3
x 10x 25
2 x5 x2 6x 7 x 1
23. 24.
2 x 5xx x2 49 x7

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
1. 15a2b 10ab2 2. 3st2 9s3t 6s2t2 3. 3x3y2 2x2y 5xy

5ab(3a 2b) 3st(t 3s 2 2st) xy(3x 2y 2x 5)
4. 2x3y x2y 5xy2 xy3 5. 21 7t 3r rt 6. x2 xy 2x 2y
xy(2x 2 x 5y y 2) (7 r)(3 t) (x 2)(x y)
7. y2 20y 96 8. 4ab 2a 6b 3 9. 6n2 11n 2
(y 8)(y 12) (2a 3)(2b 1) (6n 1)(n 2)
10. 6x2 7x 3 11. x2 8x 8 12. 6p2 17p 45
(3x 1)(2x 3) prime (2p 9)(3p 5)
13. r3 3r2 54r 14. 8a2 2a 6 15. c2 49
r(r 9)(r 6) 2(4a 3)(a 1) (c 7)(c 7)
16. x3 8 17. 16r2 169 18. b4 81
(x 2)(x 2 2x 4) (4r 13)(4r 13) (b 2 9)(b 3)(b 3)
19. 8m3 25 prime 20. 2t3 32t2 128t 2t(t 8)2
21. 5y5 135y2 5y 2(y 3)(y 2 3y 9) 22. 81x4 16 (9x 2 4)(3x 2)(3x 2)

x2 16 x4 x2 16x 64 x 8 3(x 3)
3x 27
2
23. 24. 25.
x2 x 20 x 5 x2 x 72 x 9 x 27 x 3x 9
3 2
26. DESIGN Bobbi Jo is using a software package to create a x cm

drawing of a cross section of a brace as shown at the right.
Write a simplified, factored expression that represents the
area of the cross section of the brace. x(20.2 x) cm2
12 cm
x cm
8.2 cm
27. COMBUSTION ENGINES In an internal combustion engine, the up

and down motion of the pistons is converted into the rotary motion of r1
the crankshaft, which drives the flywheel. Let r1 represent the radius r2
of the flywheel at the right and let r2 represent the radius of the
crankshaft passing through it. If the formula for the area of a circle
is A r2, write a simplified, factored expression for the area of the
cross section of the flywheel outside the crankshaft. (r1 r2)(r1 r2)

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Pre-Activity How does factoring apply to geometry?
If a trinomial that represents the area of a rectangle is factored into two
binomials, what might the two binomials represent? the length and
width of the rectangle
Reading the Lesson

1. Name three types of binomials that it is always possible to factor. difference of two
squares, sum of two cubes, difference of two cubes
2. Name a type of trinomial that it is always possible to factor. perfect square

trinomial
3. Complete: Since x2 y2 cannot be factored, it is an example of a prime

polynomial.
4. On an algebra quiz, Marlene needed to factor 2x2 4x 70. She wrote the following
answer: (x 5)(2x 14). When she got her quiz back, Marlene found that she did not
get full credit for her answer. She thought she should have gotten full credit because she
checked her work by multiplication and showed that (x 5)(2x 14) 2x2 4x 70.
a. If you were Marlene’s teacher, how would you explain to her that her answer was not
entirely correct? Sample answer: When you are asked to factor a
polynomial, you must factor it completely. The factorization was not
complete, because 2x 14 can be factored further as 2(x 7).
b. What advice could Marlene’s teacher give her to avoid making the same kind of error
in factoring in the future? Sample answer: Always look for a common
factor first. If there is a common factor, factor it out first, and then see
Lesson 5-4
if you can factor further.

5. Some students have trouble remembering the correct signs in the formulas for the sum
and difference of two cubes. What is an easy way to remember the correct signs?
Sample answer: In the binomial factor, the operation sign is the same as
in the expression that is being factored. In the trinomial factor, the
operation sign before the middle term is the opposite of the sign in the
expression that is being factored. The sign before the last term is always
a plus.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-4 Enrichment
Using Patterns to Factor

Study the patterns below for factoring the sum and the difference of cubes.
a3 b3 (a b)(a2 ab b2)
a3 b3 (a b)(a2 ab b2)
This pattern can be extended to other odd powers. Study these examples.
Example 1 Factor a5 b5.

Extend the first pattern to obtain a5 b5 (a b)(a4 a3b a2b2 ab3 b4).
Check: (a b)(a4 a3b a2b2 ab3 b4) a5 a4b a3b2 a2b3 ab4
a4b a3b2 a2b3 ab4 b5
a5 b5

Extend the second pattern to obtain a5 b5 (a b)(a4 a3b a2b2 ab3 b4).
Check: (a b)(a4 a3b a2b2 ab3 b4) a5 a4b a3b2 a2b3 ab4
a5 b5
In general, if n is an odd integer, when you factor an bn or an bn, one factor will be
either (a b) or (a b), depending on the sign of the original expression. The other factor
will have the following properties:
• The first term will be an 1 and the last term will be bn 1.
• The exponents of a will decrease by 1 as you go from left to right.
• The exponents of b will increase by 1 as you go from left to right.
• The degree of each term will be n 1.
• If the original expression was an bn, the terms will alternately have and signs.
• If the original expression was an bn, the terms will all have signs.
Use the patterns above to factor each expression.
1. a7 b7
2. c9 d 9
3. e11 f 11
To factor x10 y10, change it to (x 5 y 5)(x 5 y 5) and factor each binomial. Use
this approach to factor each expression.
4. x10 y10
5. a14 b14

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Roots of Real Numbers
Simplify Radicals
Square Root For any real numbers a and b, if a 2 b, then a is a square root of b.
For any real numbers a and b, and any positive integer n, if a n b, then a is an nth
nth Root
root of b.
1. If n is even and b 0, then b has one positive root and one negative root.
Real nth Roots of b, 2. If n is odd and b 0, then b has one positive root.
n n
b
, b
3. If n is even and b 0, then b has no real roots.
4. If n is odd and b 0, then b has one negative root.
Example 1 Simplify
49z8. Example 2 Simplify
(2a
1)6
3

49z8
(7z4)2 7z4 1)6
(2a
3
[(2a
3
1)2]3 (2a 1)2
z4 must be positive, so there is no need to
take the absolute value.
Exercises
Simplify.
3.
3
1. 81
2. 343
144p6
9 7 12| p 3 |
4. 5.
243p10 6.
5 3
4a10 m6n9
2a 5 3p 2 m 2n 3
7. 8.
16a10 9.
3
b12 b8 121x6
b4 4| a 5| b4 11| x 3 |
10. 11. 12. 27p

6
3
(4k)4 169r4
16k 2 13r 2 3p 2
13.
625y2
z4 14.
36q34 15.
100x2
y4z6
25| y | z 2 6 | q17| 10| x | y 2 | z 3|
18. 0.64p
10
3
16. 0.02
7 17. 0.36

0.3 not a real number 0.8 | p 5|
19. 20.
(11y2)4 21.
(5a2b)6
4 3
Lesson 5-5
(2x)8
4x 2 121y 4 25a 4b 2
22.
(3x 23.
(m 24.
36x2
12x
3
1)2 5)6 1
| 3x 1| (m 5)2 | 6x 1|
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Approximate Radicals with a Calculator
Irrational Number a number that cannot be expressed as a terminating or a repeating decimal
Radicals such as 2 and 3 are examples of irrational numbers. Decimal approximations
for irrational numbers are often used in applications. These approximations can be easily
found with a calculator.
Example Approximate 18.2

5
with a calculator.
5
18.2
1.787
Exercises
Use a calculator to approximate each value to three decimal places.
3
1. 62
2. 1050
3. 0.054

7.874 32.404 0.378
4
4. 5.45
5. 5280
6. 18,60
0
1.528 72.664 136.382
3 5
7. 0.095
8. 15
9. 100

0.308 2.466 2.512
6
10. 856
11. 3200
12. 0.05

3.081 56.569 0.224
4
13. 12,50
0 14. 0.60
15. 500

111.803 0.775 4.729
3 6
16. 0.15
17. 4200
18. 75

0.531 4.017 8.660
19. LAW ENFORCEMENT The formula r 25L is used by police to estimate the speed r
in miles per hour of a car if the length L of the car’s skid mark is measures in feet.
Estimate to the nearest tenth of a mile per hour the speed of a car that leaves a skid
mark 300 feet long. 77.5 mi/h
20. SPACE TRAVEL The distance to the horizon d miles from a satellite orbiting h miles
above Earth can be approximated by d 8000h h2. What is the distance to the
horizon if a satellite is orbiting 150 miles above Earth? about 1100 ft

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-5 Skills Practice

1. 230
15.166 2. 38
6.164
12.329
3. 152 4. 5.6
2.366
6.055
3 3
5. 88
4.448 6. 222
0.764
4 5
7. 0.34 8. 500
3.466
Simplify.
9
9. 81 10. 144
12
11.
(5)2 5 12.
52 not a real number
13. 0.36
0.6 14. 23
4

9
2 3
3 3
15. 8 16. 27
3 5
17. 0.064
0.4 18. 32
2
y2 | y |
20.
4
19. 81
3
21. 64x6 8| x 3|
22.
3
125s3 5s
6 3a 2
23. 27a 24.
3
m8n4 m 4n 2
q2 10p 2| q | 16w4v8 2| w | v 2
Lesson 5-5
25.
100p4 26.
4
27.
(3c)4 9c 2 28. )2 | a b |
(a b

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

3 3
1. 7.8
2. 89
3. 25
4. 4

2.793 9.434 2.924 1.587
8. (0.94)
2
4 5 6 4
5. 1.1
6. 0.1
7. 5555

1.024 0.631 4.208 0.970
Simplify.
4 6
9. 0.81
10. 324
11. 256
12. 64

0.9 18 4 2
3 3 5 4
13. 64
14. 0.512
15. 243
16. 1296

4 0.8 3 6
17.
5 1024

243
18.
243x10
5
19.
(14a)2 20. (14a
)2 not a
real number
14| a|
4
3x 2

3
16m2
21.
49m2t8 23.
64r6 24.
3
22. w15 (2x)8
25
4| m |
7| m | t 4 4r 2w 5 16x 4
5
25. 26.
216p3 27.
676x4 28.
27x9
4 3 3
625s8 q9 y6 y12
5s 2 6pq 3 26x 2| y 3| 3x 3y 4
29. 144m
8 30.
32x5 31.
(m 32.
(2x
5 6 3
n6 y10 4)6 1)3
12m 4| n 3| 2xy 2 | m 4| 2x 1
33.
49a10 34.
(x 5 35. 36.
x2 1
4 3
b16 )8 343d6 0x 25
7| a 5 | b8 (x 5)2 7d 2 | x 5|
37. RADIANT TEMPERATURE Thermal sensors measure an object’s radiant temperature,
which is the amount of energy radiated by the object. The internal temperature of an
4
object is called its kinetic temperature. The formula Tr Tke relates an object’s radiant
temperature Tr to its kinetic temperature Tk. The variable e in the formula is a measure
of how well the object radiates energy. If an object’s kinetic temperature is 30°C and
e 0.94, what is the object’s radiant temperature to the nearest tenth of a degree?
29.5 C
38. HERO’S FORMULA Salvatore is buying fertilizer for his triangular garden. He knows
the lengths of all three sides, so he is using Hero’s formula to find the area. Hero’s
formula states that the area of a triangle is s(s
a)(s b)(s c), where a, b, and c are
the lengths of the sides of the triangle and s is half the perimeter of the triangle. If the
lengths of the sides of Salvatore’s garden are 15 feet, 17 feet, and 20 feet, what is the
area of the garden? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. 124 ft2

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Pre-Activity How do square roots apply to oceanography?
Suppose the length of a wave is 5 feet. Explain how you would estimate the
speed of the wave to the nearest tenth of a knot using a calculator. (Do not
actually calculate the speed.) Sample answer: Using a calculator,
find the positive square root of 5. Multiply this number by 1.34.
Then round the answer to the nearest tenth.
Reading the Lesson

1. For each radical below, identify the radicand and the index.
3
a. 23
radicand: 23 index: 3
b.
15x2 radicand: 15x 2 index: 2
5
c. 343
radicand: 343 index: 5
2. Complete the following table. (Do not actually find any of the indicated roots.)
Number of Positive Number of Negative Number of Positive Number of Negative

Number
Square Roots Square Roots Cube Roots Cube Roots
27 1 1 1 0
16 0 0 0 1
3. State whether each of the following is true or false.
a. A negative number has no real fourth roots. true
b. 121
represents both square roots of 121. true
c. When you take the fifth root of x5, you must take the absolute value of x to identify
the principal fifth root. false

Lesson 5-5
4. What is an easy way to remember that a negative number has no real square roots but
has one real cube root? Sample answer: The square of a positive or negative
number is positive, so there is no real number whose square is negative.
However, the cube of a negative number is negative, so a negative
number has one real cube root, which is a negative number.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-5 Enrichment
Approximating Square Roots

Consider the following expansion.
2 b2
(a 2ba) 2ab
a2 2
2a 4a
b2
a2 b 2
4a
b2
Think what happens if a is very great in comparison to b. The term 2 is very
4a
small and can be disregarded in an approximation.
2
(a 2ba) a2 b
b
a
a2 b
2a
Suppose a number can be expressed as a2 b, a b. Then an approximate value
b b
of the square root is a . You should also see that a
a2 b.
2a 2a
Example Use the formula

b
a to approximate 101
a2 b and 622
.
2a
a. 101
1
100 102
1 b. 622
3
625 252
3
Let a 10 and b 1. Let a 25 and b 3.

1 3
101
10 622
25
2(10) 2(25)
10.05 24.94
Use the formula to find an approximation for each square root to the
nearest hundredth. Check your work with a calculator.
1. 626
2. 99
3. 402

4. 1604
5. 223
6. 80

7. 4890
8. 2505
9. 3575

10. 1,441
,100 11. 290
12. 260

13. Show that a

b
a2 b for a b.
2a

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Radical Expressions
Simplify Radical Expressions
Lesson 5-6
For any real numbers a and b, and any integer n 1:
n n n
Product Property of Radicals 1. if n is even and a and b are both nonnegative, then ab
a b.
n n n
2. if n is odd, then ab
a b.
To simplify a square root, follow these steps:

1. Factor the radicand into as many squares as possible.
2. Use the Product Property to isolate the perfect squares.
3. Simplify each radical.
For any real numbers a and b 0, and any integer n 1,
ab ab , if all roots are defined.

Quotient Property of Radicals n
n
n
To eliminate radicals from a denominator or fractions from a radicand, multiply the

numerator and denominator by a quantity so that the radicand has an exact root.

8x3
Example 1 3
Simplify 16a
5 b7 . Example 2 Simplify .
45y 5
16a
5 b7
(2)3
2 a

3 3 3 a2
(b2) 3
b 8x3 8x3
Quotient Property
2ab 2a
2 3 2b 45y 5

45y5
(2x)2 2x
Factor into squares.
(3y
2 )
2 5y
(2x)
2x
2
Product Property
(3y
2 ) 5y
2
2| x|2x
Simplify.
3y25y
2| x|2x
5y

Rationalize the
23y 5y
5y
denominator.
2| x|10xy

3 Simplify.
15y
Exercises
Simplify.
2a 2|b 5| 2a
4
156
1. 554 2. 75x4y7 5x 2y 3 5y
3.
4
32a9b20

3
36 65 a6b3 |a 3 |b2b
p5q3 pq 5p 2
4. 5. 6. 3

125 25 98 14 40 10

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Radical Expressions
Operations with Radicals When you add expressions containing radicals, you can
add only like terms or like radical expressions. Two radical expressions are called like
radical expressions if both the indices and the radicands are alike.
To multiply radicals, use the Product and Quotient Properties. For products of the form
(ab cd ) (ef gh), use the FOIL method. To rationalize denominators, use
conjugates. Numbers of the form ab cd
and ab cd, where a, b, c, and d are
rational numbers, are called conjugates. The product of conjugates is always a rational
number.
Example 1 Simplify 250

4500
6125
.
250
4500 2
6125 52 2 4102 5 652 5 Factor using squares.
2 5 2 4 10 5
6 5 5
Simplify square roots.
10 2 405 305 Multiply.
10 2 10 5 Combine like radicals.
Example 2 Example 3 2 5

Simplify (2
3 4
2 )(
3 2
2 ). Simplify .
3 5

(23 42 )(3 22 ) 2 5
2 5
3 5

23 3 23 2
2 4
2
3 4
2 2
2
3 5
3 5
3 5

6 46 46 16
6 25
35
(5
)2
10
2 2 3 (5
)
6 55
5

95
11 55

4
Exercises
Simplify.
1. 32
50
48
2. 20
125
45
3. 300
27
75

0 45
23

3
4. 81
24

3 3
5. 2 (
4
3
12

3
) 6. 23
(15
60
)
3 3
69
2 23
185

7. (2 37
)(4 7
) 8. (63
42
)(33
2
) 9. (42
35
)(2 )
20 5
29 147
46 66
402
305

548
75
4 2
133
5 33 23
10. 5 11. 5 32
12.
53
2 2
1 23
11

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-6 Skills Practice

Radical Expressions
Simplify.
Lesson 5-6
26
1. 24 53
2. 75
3 4
22
2 3

3 4
3. 16 4. 48
64a4b4 2| ab | 4
4
50x5 20x 22x
5. 4 6.
4
7. 12 f
3 1
d 2f 5
8
d f
3
2 2 8. 56 |s |t
25
s2t
36

3
3 21
2 6

9.
7
10. 3

9
7 3
11.
g 10gz
2g3

5z

5z
12. (33
)(53
) 45
13. (412 ) 4815

)(320 14. 2
8 82
50
15. 12
23 63
108 16. 85
45
80
5

17. 248
75
12
3
18. (2 3 ) 12 22
)(6 2 63
6

19. (1 5 ) 4
)(1 5 20. (3 7 ) 15 32
)(5 2 57
14

3 21 32

21. (2 ) 8 43
6 2
22.
7 2
47
4 12 42
5 40 56

23. 24.
3 2
7 8 6
58

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Radical Expressions
Simplify.
3 3
615
62
42

3 3
1. 540 2. 432 3. 128
4 3 5
35
10 5
35

4 3 5
4. 405 5. 500
0 6. 121
5
125t6w2 5t 2 8g3k8 2gk 2

3 4 3
7. 8. 2v 2z 33z
9.
3 4 3
w2 48v8z13 k2
45x3y8 3xy 45x

10. 11.
11

11

39
12. 9
3 216

24
3

4
13.
1 1
c4d 7 c 2d 32d
14. 3a a
9a5
2
15. 4

72a
8
128 16 64b4
8b 2 9a3
3a
16. (315
)(445
) 17. (224
)(718
) 18. 810
240
250

1803
1683
410
415

19. 620
85
545
20. 848
675
780
21. (32
23
)2
55
23
285
30 126

22. (3 7
)2 23. (5
6
)(5
2
) 24. (2
10
)(2
10
)
16 67
5 10
30
23
8
25. (1 6
)(5 7
) 26. (3
47
)2 27. (108
63
)2
5 7
56
42
115 821
0
3 6 17 3
5 3
28. 15
23
29. 62
6 30.
5
2 2
1 4 3
13
8 52
3 2 3 6 3 x 6 5x
x
31. 32. 27 116
33.
2 2
2 5 24
2 x 4x
34. BRAKING The formula s 25 estimates the speed s in miles per hour of a car when
it leaves skid marks feet long. Use the formula to write a simplified expression for s if
85. Then evaluate s to the nearest mile per hour. 1017 ; 41 mi/h
35. PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM The measures of the legs of a right triangle can be
represented by the expressions 6x2y and 9x2y. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find a
simplified expression for the measure of the hypotenuse. 3x 2 | y | 13


NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Radical Expressions
Pre-Activity How do radical expressions apply to falling objects?
Lesson 5-6
Describe how you could use the formula given in your textbook and a
calculator to find the time, to the nearest tenth of a second, that it would
take for the water balloons to drop 22 feet. (Do not actually calculate the
time.) Sample answer: Multiply 22 by 2 (giving 44) and divide
by 32. Use the calculator to find the square root of the result.
Round this square root to the nearest tenth.
Reading the Lesson

1. Complete the conditions that must be met for a radical expression to be in simplified form.
• The index n is as small as possible.
• The radicand contains no factors (other than 1) that are nth
powers of a(n) integer or polynomial.
• The radicand contains no fractions .
• No radicals appear in the denominator .
2. a. What are conjugates of radical expressions used for? to rationalize binomial

denominators
1 2

b. How would you use a conjugate to simplify the radical expression ?
3 2

Multiply numerator and denominator by 3 2
.
c. In order to simplify the radical expression in part b, two multiplications are
necessary. The multiplication in the numerator would be done by the FOIL
method, and the multiplication in the denominator would be done by finding the
difference of two squares .

3. One way to remember something is to explain it to another person. When rationalizing the
1
denominator in the expression
3 , many students think they should multiply numerator
2

3
2
and denominator by
3 . How would you explain to a classmate why this is incorrect
2
and what he should do instead. Sample answer: Because you are working with
cube roots, not square roots, you need to make the radicand in the
denominator a perfect cube, not a perfect square. Multiply numerator and
3
4 3
denominator by
3 to make the denominator 8, which equals 2.
4

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-6 Enrichment
Special Products with Radicals

2
Notice that (3
)(3
) 3, or (3
) 3.
2
In general, (x ) x when x 0.
Also, notice that (9
)(4
) 36
.
In general, (x )(y ) xy
when x and y are not negative.
You can use these ideas to find the special products below.
(a b )(a b ) (a)2 (b )2 a b
(a b )2 (a )2 2ab
(b )2 a 2abb
2 2 2
(a b ) (a ) 2ab (b ) a 2ab b
Example 1 Find the product: (2 )(2

5 ).
5
(2 5 )(2 5 ) (2)2 (5 )2 2 5 3
Example 2 Evaluate (2 ) .

8 2
(2 8)2 (2)2 228 (8)2

2 216
8 2 2(4) 8 2 8 8 18
Multiply.
1. (3
7
)(3
7
) 2. (10
2
)(10
2
)
2
3. (2x
6
)(2x
6
) 4. (3
27)
2
5. (1000
10
) 6. (y 5
)(y 5
)
2 2
7. (50
x ) 8. (x 20)
You can extend these ideas to patterns for sums and differences of cubes.
Study the pattern below.
( x )(
8 8x x )
8
3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3
8 x 8x
Multiply.
9. (2 )(
5
22 10
3 3 3 3 3
52 )
)(
10. (y w
y2 yw
3 3 3 3 3
w2 )
1 1. (7 )(
20
72 140
3 3 3 3 3
202 )
12. (11 )(

8
112 88
3 3 3 3 3
82)

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Rational Exponents
Rational Exponents and Radicals
1 For any real number b and any positive integer n,
Definition of b n 1
n
b n b
, except when b 0 and n is even.
m
For any nonzero real number b, and any integers m and n, with n 1,
Definition of b n m

b n
m
bm (b
) , except when b 0 and n is even.
n n
1
1
8
Example 1 Example 2

Lesson 5-7
Write 28 2 in radical form. Evaluate 3 .
125
Notice that 28 0.
1
Notice that 8 0, 125 0, and 3 is odd.

28 28
2 8
1 3
8

3

22 7 125 125

3

22 7
2

5
27
2

5
Exercises
Write each expression in radical form.
1 1 3

1. 11 7 2. 15 3 3. 300 2
7
11

3
15

3003
Write each radical using rational exponents.
5. 6.
3 4
4. 47
3a5b2 162p5
1 1 5 2 1 5

47 2 33a3b3 3
24
p4
Evaluate each expression.

1
2 1
5 2
7. 27 3
8. 9. (0.0004) 2
25

1
9 0.02
10
1 1
2 3
144 2 16 2
10. 8 4 3 2
11. 1
12. 1

27 3 (0.25) 2
1 1
32
4 2

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Rational Exponents
Simplify Expressions All the properties of powers from Lesson 5-1 apply to rational
exponents. When you simplify expressions with rational exponents, leave the exponent in
rational form, and write the expression with all positive exponents. Any exponents in the
denominator must be positive integers
When you simplify radical expressions, you may use rational exponents to simplify, but your
answer should be in radical form. Use the smallest index possible.
2 3
Example 1
Simplify y 3
y 8 . Example 2 Simplify
144x6.
4
2 3 2 3 25 1

4
y3 y8 y3 8 y 24 144x6 (144x6) 4
1

(24 32 x6) 4
1 1 1

(24) 4 (32) 4 (x6) 4
1 3 1

2 3 2 x 2 2x (3x) 2 2x3x

Exercises
Simplify each expression.
2. y 3 4
4 6 2 3 4 7

1. x 5 x 5 3. p 5 p 10
1 3

x2 y2 p2
4. m 6. s
6 2 3 4 1 4
5 8 6 3
5 5. x x3
23 2
1
x 24 s9
m3
1
x 2

8. a a
p 2 6

2
3
7. 1 3 5 5 9. 1
x 3

p3
5
2

a2 x6
p 3
x
6 4 5
10. 128
11. 49
12. 288

5
22
7
29

3 6
13. 32
316
14. 25
125
15. 16

6 3
482
255
4

a
3 3
x 3 b4
17.
3
16. 48
18. 3
12
ab
6 6

x 3 35 6
48

a b5

6 b

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-7 Skills Practice

Rational Exponents
1 1 5
6
3
8

1. 3 6 2. 8 5
2 3
122 or (12
) 4. (s3) 5 s
3 2 3 5
3. 12 3 s4
Lesson 5-7
1 1
3
5. 51
51 2
6. 37
37 3
3 1 1 2

7. 8.
4 3
153 15 4 6xy2 6 3 x 3 y 3

1 1

9. 32 5 2 10. 81 4 3
3
1
1 1 1
11. 27 12. 42
3 2
3 4

13. 16 2 64 14. (243) 5 81
1 5 3
8
49

15. 27 3 27 3 729 16. 2

27

12 3 2 16

17. c 5 c 5 c 3 18. m 9 m 9 m 2
4
3
p5
1 3 1
5
19. q 2 q 2
20. p
p
5 5
2

11
6 11
21. x x

x3
22. x 12
1
x
x4
1 2

1 1

y 2 y4 n3 n3
23. 1 24. 1 1
y n6 n2 n

y4
49a8b2 | a | 7b
4
2

12
26.
8
25. 64


NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Rational Exponents
1 2 4 2

1. 5 3 2. 6 5 3. m 7 4. (n3) 5
62 or (6
) m4 or (m
)
3 5 2 5 7 4 7 5
5
n n

7.
27m6n4 8. 5
4 3
5. 79
6. 153
2a10b
1 1 4 1 1

5
2 2 |a 5 | b 2

79 2 153 4 3m 2n 3

1 1 5
5 1 3 1
9. 81 4 3 10. 1024 11. 8
4 32
3 2 1 4
4 1 3 1
12. 256 13. (64) 14. 27 3 27 3 243
64 16
2

1 1
25 64 3 16 5
3
125 2
15.
216

3 16. 17. 25 2 64
36 2
49 4
343 3
Simplify each expression. 1

4
y2
4 3 3 13 1 4 1
3 5 2
18. g g 7 7 g 19. s s
4 4 s4 20. u u 15
21. y
y
2 1
3

11

2z 2z 2
1 2 1

3
5 b 5 q5 12
22. b 23. 2 q 5
24. t t

3
25. 2z
2
b 1 3
4 5 1

z1
q5 5t 2 t z2 1
10
85 22
26.
27. 12 123
5 4
28. 6
36

4 a a3b
29.
10 3b
3b
1212
36

30. ELECTRICITY The amount of current in amperes I that an appliance uses can be
1
P
calculated using the formula I 2 , where P is the power in watts and R is the
R
resistance in ohms. How much current does an appliance use if P 500 watts and
R 10 ohms? Round your answer to the nearest tenth. 7.1 amps
1

31. BUSINESS A company that produces DVDs uses the formula C 88n 3 330 to
calculate the cost C in dollars of producing n DVDs per day. What is the company’s cost
to produce 150 DVDs per day? Round your answer to the nearest dollar. $798

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Rational Exponents
Pre-Activity How do rational exponents apply to astronomy?
2
The formula in the introduction contains the exponent . What do you think
5
2
it might mean to raise a number to the power?
5
Sample answer: Take the fifth root of the number and square it.
Reading the Lesson
Lesson 5-7
1. Complete the following definitions of rational exponents.
1 n

• For any real number b and for any positive integer n, b n b
except
when b 0 and n is even .
• For any nonzero real number b, and any integers m and n, with n 1 ,
n n m
m

b
n
bm (b ) , except when b 0 and
n is even .
2. Complete the conditions that must be met in order for an expression with rational
exponents to be simplified.
• It has no negative exponents.
• It has no fractional exponents in the denominator .

• It is not a complex fraction.
• The index of any remaining radical is the least

number possible.
3. Margarita and Pierre were working together on their algebra homework. One exercise
4

asked them to evaluate the expression 27 3 . Margarita thought that they should raise
27 to the fourth power first and then take the cube root of the result. Pierre thought that
they should take the cube root of 27 first and then raise the result to the fourth power.
Whose method is correct? Both methods are correct.

4. Some students have trouble remembering which part of the fraction in a rational
exponent gives the power and which part gives the root. How can your knowledge of
integer exponents help you to keep this straight? Sample answer: An integer3

exponent can be written as a rational exponent. For example, 23 2 1 .
You know that this means that 2 is raised to the third power, so the
numerator must give the power, and, therefore, the denominator must
give the root.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-7 Enrichment
Lesser-Known Geometric Formulas

Many geometric formulas involve radical expressions.
Make a drawing to illustrate each of the formulas given on this page.

Then evaluate the formula for the given value of the variable. Round
answers to the nearest hundredth.
1. The area of an isosceles triangle. Two 2. The area of an equilateral triangle with
sides have length a; the other side has a side of length a. Find A when a 8.
length c. Find A when a 6 and c 7. a2
A 3

c 4
A
4a2
c2
4 A 27.71
A 17.06
3. The area of a regular pentagon with a 4. The area of a regular hexagon with a
side of length a. Find A when a 4. side of length a. Find A when a 9.
a2 3a2
A
25
105
A 3

4 2
A 27.53 A 210.44
5. The volume of a regular tetrahedron 6. The area of the curved surface of a right
with an edge of length a. Find V when cone with an altitude of h and radius of
a 2. base r. Find S when r 3 and h 6.
a3
V 2
S r
r2 h2
12
V 0.94 S 63.22
7. Heron’s Formula for the area of a 8. The radius of a circle inscribed in a given
triangle uses the semi-perimeter s, triangle also uses the semi-perimeter.
abc Find r when a 6, b 7, and c 9.
where s . The sides of the
2

s(s
a)(s
b)(s
c)
triangle have lengths a, b, and c. Find A r
s
when a 3, b 4, and c 5.
r 1.91
A
s(s
a)(s
b)(s
c)
A6

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Radical Equations and Inequalities
Solve Radical Equations The following steps are used in solving equations that have
variables in the radicand. Some algebraic procedures may be needed before you use these
steps.
Step 1 Isolate the radical on one side of the equation.

Step 2 To eliminate the radical, raise each side of the equation to a power equal to the index of the radical.
Step 3 Solve the resulting equation.
Step 4 Check your solution in the original equation to make sure that you have not obtained any extraneous roots.
Example 1 Solve 2 4 8.

4x 8 Example 2 Solve 3x
5x
1 1.
2
4x 8 4 8 Original equation 3x 1 5x 1 Original equation
24x 8 12 Add 4 to each side. 3x 1 5x 2 5x 1 Square each side.
4x 8 6 Isolate the radical. 25x
2x Simplify.
4x 8 36 Square each side. 5x
x Isolate the radical.
4x 28 Subtract 8 from each side. 5x x 2 Square each side.
Lesson 5-8
x7 Divide each side by 4. x 5x 0
2 Subtract 5x from each side.
Check x(x 5) 0 Factor.
2
4(7)
848 x 0 or x 5
236
48 Check
2(6) 4 8 3(0) 1 1, but 5(0)
1 1, so 0 is
not a solution.
88
3(5) 1 4, and 5(5)
1 4, so the
The solution x 7 checks. solution is x 5.
Exercises
Solve each equation.
1. 3 2x3
5 2. 2
3x 4 1 15 3. 8
x12
3

15 no solution
3
4.
5x46 5. 12
2x 1 4 6.
12 x 0
95 no solution 12
7. 21

5x 4 0 8. 10 2x
5 9.
x2 7x
7x 9
5 12.5 no solution
3
10. 4 2 10
2x 11 11. 2
x 11
x 2
3x 6 12. x1
9x 11
8 14 3, 4
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Solve Radical Inequalities A radical inequality is an inequality that has a variable
in a radicand. Use the following steps to solve radical inequalities.
Step 1 If the index of the root is even, identify the values of the variable for which the radicand is nonnegative.
Step 2 Solve the inequality algebraically.
Step 3 Test values to check your solution.
Example Solve 5
20x
4 3.
Since the radicand of a square root Now solve 5
20x
4 3.
must be greater than or equal to
zero, first solve 5
20x 4 3 Original inequality
20x 4 0.
20x 48 Isolate the radical.
20x 4 0 20x 4 64 Eliminate the radical by squaring each side.

20x 4 20x 60 Subtract 4 from each side.
1 x3
x Divide each side by 20.
5
1
It appears that x 3 is the solution. Test some values.
5
x 1 x0 x4
20(1
) 4 is not a real 5 20(0)
4 3, so the 5 20(4)
4 4.2, so
number, so the inequality is inequality is satisfied. the inequality is not
not satisfied. satisfied
1
Therefore the solution x 3 checks.
5
Exercises
Solve each inequality.
1.
c247 2. 3
2x 1 6 15 3.
10x
925
1
c 11 x5 x4
2
3
4. 5
x28 2 5. 8
3x 4 3 6.
2x 8 4 2
4
x6 x 7 x 14
3
20
7. 9
6x 3 6 8. 4 9. 2
5x 6 1 5

3x 1
1 6
x 1 x 8 x3
2 5
10. 4 12
2x 12 11. d
2d 1 5 12. 4
b 3
b 2 10
x 26 0d4 b 6

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-8 Skills Practice

Solve each equation or inequality.
1. x 5 25 2. x 3 7 16
1
1
3. 5j 1 4. v 2 1 0 no solution
25
1
3
5. 18 3y 2 25 no solution 6. 2w
4 32
7.
b 5 4 21 8. 5 8
3n 1
Lesson 5-8
3
9.
3r 6 3 11 10. 2 6 3
3p 7
1
5
11.
k 4 1 5 40 12. (2d 3) 3 2
2
1 1

13. (t 3) 3 2 11 14. 4 (1 7u) 3 0 9
15.
3z 2
z 4 no solution 16.
g 1 8
2g 7
17.
x 1 4
x 1 no solution s36 3s4
18. 5
3x 3 7 1 x 26
19. 2 20. 6 2 a 16
2a 4
1
4r 3 10 r 7
21. 2 3x 1 3 x 0
22. 4
3
3
y 4 3 3 y 32
23. 24. 3 3 15 r 2
11r
11

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Solve each equation or inequality.
1. x 8 64 2. 4 x 3 1
49 1
3. 2p
3 10 4. 43h
20
2 12
1 1

5. c 2 6 9 9 6. 18 7h 2 12 no solution
3 5
7.
d 2 7 341 8.
w71 8
3 4
9. 6
q 4 9 31 10.
y 9 4 0 no solution
3 63
11.
2m
6 16 0 131 12.
4m
1 22
4
7 3
13. 12
8n 5 1 4t 8 6
14.
4 4
1
41
15.
2t 5 3 3 16. (7v 2) 4 12 7 no solution
2
1 1

17. (3g 1) 2 6 4 33 18. (6u 5) 3 2 3 20
19.
2d 5 d1 4 20.
4r 6 r 2
7
21.
6x 4
2x 10 22.
2x 5
2x 1 no solution
2
12 a 16
23. 3a z 5 4 13 5 z 76
24.
3
25. 8 2q
5 no solution 26. 5 a 14
2a 3
2
c46 c 5 x 1 2 x 7
3
27. 9 28.
29. STATISTICS Statisticians use the formula v to calculate a standard deviation ,

where v is the variance of a data set. Find the variance when the standard deviation
is 15. 225
30. GRAVITATION Helena drops a ball from 25 feet above a lake. The formula
1
t describes the time t in seconds that the ball is h feet above the water.
25 h
4
How many feet above the water will the ball be after 1 second? 9 ft

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Pre-Activity How do radical equations apply to manufacturing?
Explain how you would use the formula in your textbook to find the cost of
producing 125,000 computer chips. (Describe the steps of the calculation in the
order in which you would perform them, but do not actually do the calculation.)
2
Sample answer: Raise 125,000 to the power by taking the
3
cube root of 125,000 and squaring the result (or raise 125,000
2
to the power by entering 125,000 ^ (2/3) on a calculator).
3
Multiply the number you get by 10 and then add 1500.
Reading the Lesson

1. a. What is an extraneous solution of a radical equation? Sample answer: a number
that satisfies an equation obtained by raising both sides of the original
Lesson 5-8
equation to a higher power but does not satisfy the original equation
b. Describe two ways you can check the proposed solutions of a radical equation in order
to determine whether any of them are extraneous solutions. Sample answer: One
way is to check each proposed solution by substituting it into the
original equation. Another way is to use a graphing calculator to graph
both sides of the original equation. See where the graphs intersect.
This can help you identify solutions that may be extraneous.
2. Complete the steps that should be followed in order to solve a radical inequality.
Step 1 If the index of the root is even , identify the values of
the variable for which the radicand is nonnegative .

Step 2 Solve the inequality algebraically.
Step 3 Test values to check your solution.

3. One way to remember something is to explain it to another person. Suppose that your
friend Leora thinks that she does not need to check her solutions to radical equations by
substitution because she knows she is very careful and seldom makes mistakes in her
work. How can you explain to her that she should nevertheless check every proposed
solution in the original equation? Sample answer: Squaring both sides of an
equation can produce an equation that is not equivalent to the original
one. For example, the only solution of x 5 is 5, but the squared
equation x2 25 has two solutions, 5 and 5.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-8 Enrichment
Truth Tables
In mathematics, the basic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, finding a root, and raising to a power. In logic, the basic operations
are the following: not (
), and (), or (), and implies (→).
If P and Q are statements, then

P means not P;
Q means not Q; P Q
means P and Q; P Q means P or Q; and P → Q means P implies Q. The
operations are defined by truth tables. On the left below is the truth table for
the statement
P. Notice that there are two possible conditions for P, true (T)
or false (F). If P is true,
P is false; if P is false,
P is true. Also shown are the
truth tables for P Q, P Q, and P → Q.
P
P P Q PQ P Q PQ P Q P→Q
T F T T T T T T T T T
F T T F F T F T T F F
F T F F T T F T T
F F F F F F F F T
You can use this information to find out under what conditions a complex
statement is true.
Example Under what conditions is P

Q true?
Create the truth table for the statement. Use the information from the truth
table above for P
Q to complete the last column.
P Q
P
P Q
T T F T
T F F F
F T T T
F F T T
The truth table indicates that
P Q is true in all cases except where P is true
and Q is false.
Use truth tables to determine the conditions under which each statement is true.
1.
P
Q 2.
P → (P → Q)
3. (P Q) (
P
Q) 4. (P → Q) (Q → P)
5. (P → Q) (Q → P) 6. (
P
Q) →
(P Q)

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Complex Numbers
Add and Subtract Complex Numbers
A complex number is any number that can be written in the form a bi,
Complex Number where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit (i 2 1).
a is called the real part, and b is called the imaginary part.
Addition and Combine like terms.
Subtraction of (a bi) (c di) (a c) (b d )i
Complex Numbers (a bi) (c di) (a c) (b d )i
Example 1 Simplify (6 i) (4 5i). Example 2 Simplify (8 3i) (6 2i).

(6 i) (4 5i) (8 3i) (6 2i)
(6 4) (1 5)i (8 6) [3 (2)]i
10 4i 2 5i
To solve a quadratic equation that does not have real solutions, you can use the fact that
i2 1 to find complex solutions.
Example 3 Solve 2x2 24 0.

2x2 24 0 Original equation
2x2 24 Subtract 24 from each side.
x2 12 Divide each side by 2.
x 12 Take the square root of each side.
x 2i
3 12
4
1
3

Lesson 5-9
Exercises
Simplify.
1. (4 2i) (6 3i) 2. (5 i) (3 2i) 3. (6 3i) (4 2i)

2i 2i 10 5i
4. (11 4i) (1 5i) 5. (8 4i) (8 4i) 6. (5 2i) (6 3i)

12 9i 16 11 5i
7. (12 5i) (4 3i) 8. (9 2i) (2 5i) 9. (15 12i) (11 13i)
8 8i 7 7i 26 25i
10. i4 11. i6 12. i15

1 1 i
13. 5x2 45 0 14. 4x2 24 0 15. 9x2 9

3i i 6
i

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Complex Numbers
Multiply and Divide Complex Numbers
Use the definition of i 2 and the FOIL method:
Multiplication of Complex Numbers
(a bi)(c di) (ac bd ) (ad bc)i
To divide by a complex number, first multiply the dividend and divisor by the complex
conjugate of the divisor.
a bi and a bi are complex conjugates. The product of complex conjugates is

Complex Conjugate
always a real number.
Example 1 Simplify (2 5i)

(4 2i).
(2 5i) (4 2i)
2(4) 2(2i) (5i)(4) (5i)(2i) FOIL
8 4i 20i 10i 2 Multiply.
8 24i 10(1) Simplify.
2 24i Standard form
Example 2 3i
Simplify .
2 3i
3i 3i 2 3i
Use the complex conjugate of the divisor.
2 3i 2 3i 2 3i
6 9i 2i 3i2
Multiply.
4 9i2
3 11i
i 2 1
13
3 11
i Standard form
13 13
Exercises
Simplify.
1. (2 i)(3 i) 7 i 2. (5 2i)(4 i) 18 13i 3. (4 2i)(1 2i) 10i
4. (4 6i)(2 3i) 26 5. (2 i)(5 i) 11 3i 6. (5 3i)(1 i) 8 2i
7. (1 i)(2 2i)(3 3i) 8. (4 i)(3 2i)(2 i) 9. (5 2i)(1 i)(3 i)

12 12i 31 12i 16 18i
5 3 1 7 13i 13 7 6 5i 5
10. i 11. i 12. 2i
3i 2 2 2i 2 2 3i 3
4 2i 5 3i 1 3 4i 8 31
13. 1 i 14. 2i 15. i
3i 2 2i 2 4 5i 41 41
3 i5
2
16. 3i 5
4 i2
17. 1 2i 2

6 3
i3
18.
2i 6

3 i5
7 7 i2 2
i 3 3

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-9 Skills Practice

Complex Numbers
Simplify.
1. 36
6i 2. 196
14i
81x6 9 | x 3 | i
3. 4. 23 232
46
5. (3i)(2i)(5i) 30i 6. i 11 i
7. i 65 i 8. (7 8i) (12 4i) 5 12i
9. (3 5i) (18 7i) 15 2i 10. (10 4i) (7 3i) 3 7i
11. (2 i)(2 3i) 1 8i 12. (2 i)(3 5i) 11 7i
13. (7 6i)(2 3i) 4 33i 14. (3 4i)(3 4i) 25
8 6i 6 8i 3i 3 6i
15. 16.
3 4 2i
10
Lesson 5-9
3i
17. 3x2 3 0 i 18. 5x2 125 0 5i
19. 4x2 20 0 i 5
20. x2 16 0 4i
21. x2 18 0 3i 2
22. 8x2 96 0 2i 3

Find the values of m and n that make each equation true.
23. 20 12i 5m 4ni 4, 3 24. m 16i 3 2ni 3, 8
25. (4 m) 2ni 9 14i 5, 7 26. (3 n) (7m 14)i 1 7i 3, 2

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
Complex Numbers
Simplify.
1. 49
7i 12i 3
2. 612 3. 121
s8 11s 4i
4. 36a
3 b4 5. 8
32
6. 15
25

6| a| b2i a
16 515

7. (3i)(4i)(5i) 8. (7i)2(6i) 9. i 42
60i 294i 1
10. i 55 11. i 89 12. (5 2i) (13 8i)

i i 8 10i
13. (7 6i) (9 11i) 14. (12 48i) (15 21i) 15. (10 15i) (48 30i)
16 5i 3 69i 38 45i
16. (28 4i) (10 30i) 17. (6 4i)(6 4i) 18. (8 11i)(8 11i)
18 26i 52 57 176i
6 5i 5 6i
19. (4 3i)(2 5i) 20. (7 2i)(9 6i) 21.
2i2
23 14i 75 24i
2 14 16i 3i 7i 2 4i
22. 23. 24. 1 i
7 8i
113 2i 5 1 3i
25. 5n2 35 0 i 7
26. 2m2 10 0 i 5

27. 4m2 76 0 i 19
28. 2m2 6 0 i 3

3
29. 5m2 65 0 i 13
30. x2 12 0 4i
4
31. 15 28i 3m 4ni 5, 7 32. (6 m) 3ni 12 27i 18, 9
33. (3m 4) (3 n)i 16 3i 4, 6 34. (7 n) (4m 10)i 3 6i 1, 4
35. ELECTRICITY The impedance in one part of a series circuit is 1 3j ohms and the
impedance in another part of the circuit is 7 5j ohms. Add these complex numbers to
find the total impedance in the circuit. 8 2j ohms
36. ELECTRICITY Using the formula E IZ, find the voltage E in a circuit when the
current I is 3 j amps and the impedance Z is 3 2j ohms. 11 3j volts

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____

Complex Numbers
Pre-Activity How do complex numbers apply to polynomial equations?
Suppose the number i is defined such that i 2 1. Complete each equation.
2i 2 2 (2i)2 4 i4 1
Reading the Lesson

1. Complete each statement.
a. The form a bi is called the standard form of a complex number.
b. In the complex number 4 5i, the real part is 4 and the imaginary part is 5 .
This is an example of a complex number that is also a(n) imaginary number.
c. In the complex number 3, the real part is 3 and the imaginary part is 0 .
This is example of complex number that is also a(n) real number.
d. In the complex number 7i, the real part is 0 and the imaginary part is 7 .
This is an example of a complex number that is also a(n) pure imaginary number.
2. Give the complex conjugate of each number.
a. 3 7i 3 7i
Lesson 5-9
b. 2 i 2i
3. Why are complex conjugates used in dividing complex numbers? The product of
complex conjugates is always a real number.
4. Explain how you would use complex conjugates to find (3 7i)

(2 i). Write the
division in fraction form. Then multiply numerator and denominator by
2 i.

1 3

5. How can you use what you know about simplifying an expression such as to
2 5

help you remember how to simplify fractions with imaginary numbers in the
denominator? Sample answer: In both cases, you can multiply the
numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator.

NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-9 Enrichment
Conjugates and Absolute Value

When studying complex numbers, it is often convenient to represent a complex
number by a single variable. For example, we might let z x yi. We denote
the conjugate of z by z. Thus, z x yi.
We can define the absolute value of a complex number as follows.
z x yi
x2 y2
There are many important relationships involving conjugates and absolute

values of complex numbers.
Example 1 Show z 2 zz
for any complex number z.
Let z x yi. Then,
z (x yi)(x yi)
x2 y2
(x2 y2 )2
z 2
Example 2 z
is the multiplicative inverse for any nonzero
Show 2z
complex number z.

z
We know z 2 zz. If z 0, then we have z 1.
z 2
z
Thus, 2 is the multiplicative inverse of z.
z
For each of the following complex numbers, find the absolute value and
multiplicative inverse.
1. 2i 2. 4 3i 3. 12 5i
4. 5 12i 5. 1 i 6. 3
i
3
3
2
2
1 3

7.
3

3
i 8.
2

2
i 9.
2
i
2

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Test, Form 1 SCORE
Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each question.
1. Simplify (3x0)2(2x4).
A. x4 B. 12x4 C. 18x6 D. 18x4 1.
3y2z
2. Simplify 5 . Assume that no variable equals 0.
15y
y3 z y7 z
A. z3 B. C. 5y3z D. 2.
5y 5 5
3. Scientists have determined that the speed at which light travels is

approximately 300,000,000 meters per second. Express this speed in
scientific notation.
A. 3 107 m/s B. 3 108 m/s
C. 3 108 m/s D. 30 107m/s 3.
4. Simplify (5m 9) (4m 2).

A. 9m 11 B. m 11 C. 9m 7 D. 20m2 18 4.
5. Simplify 3x(2x2 y).

A. 5x3 3xy B. 12x y C. 6x2 3y D. 6x3 3xy 5.
6. Simplify (x2 2x 35) (x 5).

A. x2 x 30 B. x 7
C. x 5 D. x3 3x2 45x 175 6.
7. Which represents the correct synthetic division of (x2 4x 7) (x 2)?

A. 2 1 4 17 B. 2 1 4 17
2 12 2 14
1 6 19 1 2 11
Assessment
C. 2 1 4 17 D. 2 1 4 7 7.
2 16 2 4
1 8 19 1 2 3
8. Factor m2 9m 14 completely.
A. m(m 23) B. (m 14)(m 1)
C. (m 7)(m 2) D. m(m 9) 14 8.
t2 t 6
9. Simplify . Assume that the denominator is not equal to 0.
2 t 7t 10
t3 t2 t3 t3
A. B. C. D. 9.
t5 t5 t5 t5

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Test, Form 1 (continued)
10. Simplify 121

.
A. 11 B. 11 C. 11 D. 11
10.
11. Use a calculator to approximate 224

to three decimal places.
A. 15.0 B. 14.97 C. 14.966 D. 14.967 11.
12. Simplify 48

.
A. 163
B. 43 C. 6
D. 46 12.
13. Simplify (2 5
)(3 5).
A. 1 5 B. 1 5 C. 1 5
D. 1 5
13.
14. Simplify 75

12
.
A. 21 B. 87

C. 103
D. 73 14.
1

15. Write the expression 5 7 in radical form.
7 7 5
A. 51
B. 35 C. 5 D. 7
15.
2 1

16. Simplify the expression m 5 m 5 .
5 3 2 2

A. m 3 B. m 5 C. m 25 D. m 5 16.
17. Solve 3x

4 5.
25
A. 7 B. 7 C. 21 D. 17.
3
18. Solve 2 5x

1 5.
A. x 5 B. x 2 C. x
2 D. x 2 18.
19. Simplify (5 2i)(1 3i).

A. 5 6i B. 1 C. 1 17i D. 11 17i 19.
20. ELECTRICITY The total impedance of a series circuit is the sum of the
impedances of all parts of the circuit. A technician determined that the
impedance of the first part of a particular circuit was 2 5j ohms. The
impedance of the remaining part of the circuit was 3 2j ohms. What
was the total impedance of the circuit?
A. 5 3j ohms B. 5 7j ohms
C. 1 7j ohms D. 16 11j ohms 20.
Bonus Find the value of k so that x 3 divides

2x3 11x2 19x k with no remainder. B:

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Test, Form 2A SCORE
1. Simplify (3a0b2)(2a3b2)2.
12b 6 36b8 12b6
A.
6 B.
6 C. 6b8 D. 1.
a a a
4a b c 4 2
2. Simplify 25 3 . Assume that no variable equals 0.
12a b c
a2b7 a2b3 a2c2 a2b7
A.
2 B. 2 C. 3 D. 2 2.
8c 3c 3b 3c
3. Neptune is approximately 4.5 109 kilometers from the Sun. If light

travels at approximately 3.0 105 kilometers per second, how long does
it take light from the Sun to reach Neptune? Express your answer in
A. 15 104 s B. 1.5 104 s C. 1.5 103 s D. 1500 s 3.
4. Simplify (3a3 7a2 a) (6a3 4a2 8).

A. 3a6 3a4 a 8 B. 3a3 11a2 a 8
C. 3a6 11a4 a 8 D. 3a3 3a2 a 8 4.
5. Simplify (7m 8)2.

A. 49m2 64 B. 49m2 64
C. 49m2 112m 64 D. 49m2 30m 64 5.
6. Simplify (4x3 2x2 8x 8) (2x 1).

A. 2x2 2x 5 3 B. 2x2 4 9
2x 1 2x 1
12 14
C. 2x2 4 D. x2 4x 6 6.
2x 1 2x 1
7. Which represents the correct synthetic division of

(2x3 5x 40) (x 3)?
A. 3 2 5 40 B. 3 2 5 40
Assessment
6 33 6 13
2 11 73 2 1 43
C. 3 2 0 5 40 D. 3 2 0 5 40 7.
6 18 39 6 18 39
2 6 13 41 2 6 13 79
8. Factor y3 64 completely.
A. (y 4)3 B. (y 4)(y2 4y 16)
C. (y 4)(y 4)2 D. (y 4)(y2 4y 16) 8.

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Test, Form 2A (continued)
x2 3x 28
2 x 9x 14
x7 x4 x4 x4
A. B. C. D. 9.
x2 x2 x7 x2
10. Simplify 64n

.
6w4
A. 8 n w
3 2 B. 8n3w2 C. 8n3w2 D. 32 n3 w2 10.
3
A. 6.357 B. 4.004 C. 16.031 D. 6.358 11.
12. Simplify
3
625x5.
C. 5x D. 5x5x

3 3 3
A. 25x B. 25x2 5x2 12.
13. Simplify 5
20
27 147
.
A. 536 43
B. 35 103
C. 35 33
D. 25 13.
14. Simplify 6.

4 2

12 62
4 2
4 2
12 32

A. B. C. D. 14.
7 2 3 7
15. Write the radical

6
y4 using rational exponents.
1 3 2

A. y 6 B. y 2 C. y 3 D. y24 15.
2

m3 .
16. Simplify the expression 1

m5
7
1 15

3

A. m 15 B. m 2 C. m 7 D. m 8 16.
1

17. A correct step in the solution of the equation (2m 1) 4 2 1 is _____.
A. (2m 1) 16 1 B. 2m 1 81
1 1

C. (2m 1) 4 1 D. 2m 1 3 4 17.
18. Solve 2x

4 1 5.
A. x 0 B. x 2 C. 2 x 6 D. x 6 18.
19. Simplify (4 12i) (8 4i).

A. 12 8 B. 28 C. 12 16i D. 12 16i 19.
4 2i
20. Simplify .
7 3i
A. 11
13
i B. 11
14
i
13
C. 17
i
17
D. 13
i 20.
29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29
Bonus Find the value of k so that (x3 2x2 kx 6) (x 2)

has remainder 8. B:

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Test, Form 2B SCORE
1. Simplify (3x0y4)(2x2y)3.
24x 6 216x6 6x6
A. B.
9 C. 24x5 D. 1.
y y y
2x2y5z4
2. Simplify 6 3 . Assume that no variable equals 0.
8x yz
4 4 4 y4 z
A. y B. y47 C. y47 D. 2.
4x4z 6x z 4x z 4
4x
3. Saturn is approximately 1.4 109 kilometers from the Sun. If light

travels at approximately 3.0 105 kilometers per second, how long does
it take light from the Sun to reach Saturn? Express your answer in
A. 4.7 104 s B. 4700 s C. 4.7 103 s D. 47 103 s 3.
4. Simplify (7x3 2x2 3) (x2 x 5).

A. 7x3 2x2 x 2 B. 7x3 3x2 2
C. 8x5 3x3 2 D. 7x3 x2 x 2 4.
5. Simplify (5x 4)2.

A. 25x2 16 B. 25x2 20x 16
C. 25x2 40x 16 D. 25x2 18x 16 5.
6. Simplify (6x3 16x2 11x 5) (3x 2).

A. 6x2 12x 3 9 B. 2x2 4x 1 3
3x 2 3x 2
C. 2x2 4x 1 1 D. x2 8x 3 9 6.

3x 2 3x 2
7. Which represents the correct synthetic division of (3x3 2x 5) (x 2)?

A. 2 3 2 15 B. 2 3 2 15
Assessment
6 18 6 16
3 4 13 3 8 21
C. 2 3 0 2 15 D. 2 3 0 2 25 7.
6 12 20 6 12 20
3 6 10 25 3 6 10 15
8. Factor 27x3 1 completely.

A. (3x 1)(9x2 3x 1) B. (3x 1)(9x2 3x 1)
C. (3x 1)3 D. (3x 1)(9x2 3x 1) 8.

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Test, Form 2B (continued)
x2 3x 18
2 x 8x 15
x6 x6 x3 x6
A. B. C. D. 9.
x5 x5 x5 x3
10. Simplify 25p

.
4q2
A. 5 p q
2 B. 5p2q C. 5p2q D. 5p2 q 10.
4
A. 3.556 B. 12.649 C. 3.557 D. 5.429 11.
12. Simplify
3
256t4.
3 3 3

A. 4t4t B. 16tt C. 4t4t

D. 4t4t 12.
13. Simplify 32

18
54
150
.
26
A. 72 86
B. 72 36
C. 32 D. 2
86
13.
14. Simplify 5.

2 3

A. 10 53
B. 10 53
C. 10 53
D. 10 53
14.

5
m3 using rational exponents.
5 3

A. m2 B. m 3 C. m 5 D. m15 15.
3

t4 .
16. Simplify the expression 1

t5
11 19 3

A. t2 B. t 20 C. t 20 D. t 20 16.
1

17. A correct step in the solution of the equation (5z 1) 3 3 1 is _____.
1

A. 5z 1 43 B. (5z 1) 27 1
C. (5z 1) 9 3 D. 5z 1 64 17.
18. Solve 3x

6 1 5.
A. x 0 B. 2 x 10 C. x 10 D. x 2 18.
19. Simplify (15 13i) (1 17i).

A. 16 30i B. 16 4i C. 16 30i D. 46 19.
1 2i
20. Simplify .
2 3i
A. 8 1i B. 8 i C. 4 7i D. 4 7i 20.

7 7 7 13 13
Bonus Factor x2z2 36y2 4y2z2 9x2 completely. B:

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Test, Form 2C SCORE
1. (5r2t)2(3r0t4) 1.
2a bc 4 5
2. 27 1 2.
18a b c
For Questions 3–12, simplify.
3. (4c2 12c 7) (c2 2c 5) 3.
4. (9p2 7p) (5p2 4p 12) 4.
5. (3x 4)(2x 5) 5.

4
6. 6.
49
7. 49x

6y4 7.
8.
3
24a6b5
8.
75
9. 572 288
9.
10. (5 6
)(4 6
) 10.
11. (7 12i) (15 7i) 11.
12. (2 3i)(6 i) 12.
Assessment
13. Evaluate (8 104)(3.5 109). Express the result in 13.
14. Use long division to find

(10y3 9y2 6y 10) (2y 3). 14.
15. Use synthetic division to find

(x3 4x2 17x 50) (x 3). 15.
16. Factor 2xz 3yz 8x 12y completely. If the polynomial 16.

is not factorable, write prime.

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Test, Form 2C (continued)
x 36
2
17. Simplify . Assume that the denominator 17.
2 x 2x 24
is not equal to 0.
18. TREES The diameter of a tree d (in inches) is related to its 18.

576(BA)
basal area BA (in square feet) by the formula d .

If the basal area of a tree is 12.4 square feet, what is the
diameter of the tree? Use a calculator to approximate
your answer to three decimal places.
5
32m3 using rational exponents. 19.
x
20. Simplify the expression
1 1 . 20.

x2 x3
3
21. Solve
3m
1 4. 21.
22. Solve 4 5y

0 1 1. 22.
23. POPULATION In 2000, the population of New York City 23.

was approximately 8,000,000. Its total area is about
300 square miles. What was the population density
(number of people per square mile) of New York City
in 2000? Express your answer in scientific notation.
24. ELECTRICITY The total impedance of a series circuit is 24.

the sum of the impedances of all parts of the circuit.
Suppose that the first part of a circuit has an impedance
of 6 5j ohms and that the total impedance of the circuit
is 12 7j ohms. What is the impedance of the remainder
of the circuit?
25. ELECTRICITY In an AC circuit, the voltage E (in volts), 25.

current I (in amps), and impedance Z (in ohms) are
related by the formula E I Z. Find the current in a
circuit with voltage 10 3j volts and impedance
4 j ohms.
Bonus Simplify 3

i
3
i
. B:
2i 2i

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Test, Form 2D SCORE
1. (2c2d0)3(5c7d2) 1.
12a2b4c5
2. 63 3 2.
48a b c
3. (3f 2 5f 9) (4f 2 7f 12) 3.
4. (6g3 2g 1) (3g2 5g 7) 4.
5. (5m 6)(2m 1) 5.

9
6. 6.
25
4
7.
16x4y8 7.
3
8. 64a
6 b7 8.
45
9. 250 18
9.
10. (2 3
)(4 3
) 10.
11. (7 6i) (3 2i) 11.
12. (4 i)(1 7i) 12
Assessment
13. Evaluate(6 104)(2.5 106). Express the result in 13.
14. Use long division to find (8x3 10x2 9x 10) (2x 1). 14.
15. Use synthetic division to find (x3 4x2 9x 10) (x 2). 15.
16. Factor 20x2 8x 5xy 2y completely. If the polynomial 16.

is not factorable, write prime.

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Test, Form 2D (continued)
x2 x 20
17. Simplify 2 . Assume that the denominator is 17.
x 25
not equal to 0.
18. TREES The diameter of a tree d (in inches) is related to its 18.

576(BA)
basal area BA (in square feet) by the formula d .
If the basal area of a tree is 8.9 square feet, what is the

diameter of the tree? Use a calculator to approximate your
answer to three decimal places.
19. Write the radical 125

3
x2 using rational exponents. 19.
8

20. Simplify the expression x5 . 20.
1

x x2
21. Solve
4
10s
1 3. 21.
22. Solve 2 3t

6 5. 22.
23. POPULATION In 2000, the population of Hong Kong 23.

was approximately 6.8 million. Its total area is about
1000 square kilometers. What was the population
density (number of people per square kilometer) of
Hong Kong in 2000? Express your answer in
24. ELECTRICITY The total impedance of a series circuit is 24.

the sum of the impedances of all parts of the circuit.
Suppose that the first part of a circuit has an impedance
of 7 4j ohms and that the total impedance of the
circuit is 16 2j ohms. What is the impedance of
the remainder of the circuit?
25. ELECTRICITY In an AC circuit, the voltage E (in volts), 25.

current I (in amps), and impedance Z (in ohms) are related
by the formula E I Z. Find the impedance in a circuit
with voltage 12 2j volts and current 3 5j amps.
Bonus Simplify 4

i
4
i
. B:
3i 3i

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Test, Form 3 SCORE
(2a2)2
1.
2 1.
4a
2x2y0(5xy2)2
2. 2.
5(2xy )
2
5 3
3. 12p2 6r2 4pr (3pr 2r2) 3.
4. (m 2n)2 4.
5. 4x
2
20x
25 5.
3
6. y
27x63 6.
3
7.
x5y7 7.
60
8. 215 345
8.
x9
9. 9.
3
x
10. (3 2i)(1 4i) 10.
Assessment
11. (5 i) (2 4i) (3 i) 11.
3.9 104
12. Evaluate 1 . Express the result in scientific notation. 12.
3.0 10
x4 x2 2x 7
13. Use long division to find . 13.
2x 3x 1
2x3 x2 1
14. Use synthetic division to find . 14.
x1

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Test, Form 3 (continued)
For Questions 15 and 16, factor completely. If the

polynomial is not factorable, write prime.
15. 162w4 2n4 15.
16. x6 8y6 16.
m1
17. Simplify
(m2 4m 5)(m 5)2
. Assume that the 17.
denominator is not equal to 0.
18. GEOMETRY The volume V of a sphere and the length of 18.

3 3V
its radius r are the related by the formula r . Use the
4
formula to find radius of a sphere with volume 800 cubic
meters. Approximate your answer to three decimal places.
4
19. Write the expression
16x9y4 using rational exponents. 19.
1

32 1 .
20. Simplify the expression 20.
1

2 32
21. Solve x

11 10 14. 21.
22. Solve x

2
5 2x
. 5 22.
2 i5

23. Simplify . 23.
2 i5

24. Solve 3x2 5 0 24.

7
25. STATISTICS During fiscal year 1998, total New York state 25.
expenditures were approximately $87.3 billion dollars. The
population of New York in 1998 was approximately
18 million. Find New York’s 1998 per capita (per person)
expenditures. Express your answer in scientific notation.
Bonus For a circuit with two impedances in parallel, the total

impedance of the circuit Zt is given by the equation
Z Z
Zt 1
2
, where Z1 and Z2 are the parallel
Z1 Z2
impedances. Find the total impedance of a circuit with
Z1 3 4j ohms and Z2 6 2j ohms. B:

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Open-Ended Assessment SCORE
Demonstrate your knowledge by giving a clear, concise solution

to each problem. Be sure to include all relevant drawings and
justify your answers. You may show your solution in more than
one way or investigate beyond the requirements of the problem.
1. Jorge works for the A-Glide Sled Company. This company estimates its
monthly profit for the sale of x sleds, in hundreds of dollars, is given by
the expression 3x9 1. Tia works for a competing sled manufacturer,
SnowFun. Tia’s company estimates that its monthly profit for the sale of
x sleds, in hundreds of dollars, is given by the expression 3 2x .
Mark has been offered a job at both companies and decides he will work
for the company that has the greatest monthly profit. Before he makes
his decision, however, he asks Jorge and Tia the average number of sleds
sold each month by each of their companies.
a. Why is the number of sleds sold important to Mark?
b. Assume both companies make the same number of sleds in a certain
month. Determine the number of sleds that would make Mark want
to work for SnowFun, and give the profit, to the nearest dollar,
earned by each company during that month.
c. After talking to Jorge and Tia, Mark decided to work for A-Glide.
Assume that both companies average the same number of sleds sold
per month. Write and solve an inequality to determine the possible
responses Mark might have heard from Jorge and Tia. What does
this tell you about the number of sleds sold each month?
2. You are given an unlimited number of tiles with the given dimensions.
length: x units length: x units length: 1 unit
width: x units width: 1 unit width: 1 unit
area: x2 units2 area: x units2 area: 1 unit2
The polynomial 2x2 3x 1 can be represented
2 2
by the figure at the right. x x x x x
1
These tiles can be arranged to form the rectangle shown.
Assessment
2 2
Notice that the area of the rectangle is 2x2 3x 1 units2. x x x
a. Find the length and width of the rectangle.
x x 1
b. Explain how to find the perimeter of the rectangle.
Then find the perimeter.
c. Select a value for x and substitute that value into each of the
expressions above. For your value of x, state the length, width,
perimeter, and area of the rectangle. Discuss any restrictions on your
choice of x.
d. Factor the polynomial 2x2 3x 1.
e. Compare your answers to parts a and d.
f. Draw a tile model for a different polynomial. Then write your
polynomial and its factors. Explain how your model relates to the
factors of your polynomial.

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Vocabulary Test/Review SCORE
absolute value dimensional analysis polynomial scientific notation

binomial extraneous solution power simplify
coefficient FOIL method principal root square root
complex conjugates imaginary unit pure imaginary number synthetic division
complex number like radical expressions radical equation terms
conjugates like terms radical inequality trinomial
constant monomial rationalizing the
degree nth root denominator
Underline or circle the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.

1. A polynomial with two terms is called a (monomial, binomial, trinomial).
2. 4 5i is a(n) (pure imaginary number, imaginary unit, complex number).
3. (Scientific notation, Synthetic division, Absolute value) is used to write

very large and very small numbers without having to write many zeros.
4. If you square both sides of a radical equation and obtain a solution

that does not satisfy the original equation, you have found a(n)
(coefficient, complex number, extraneous solution).
5. 3x 5
0 and 2x 1 0 are (radical equations, radical inequalities,
like radical expressions).
6. The expressions 7 5
and 7 5
are (complex conjugates, conjugates,
like terms).
7. The monomials that make up a polynomial are called (conjugates, terms,

principal roots).
8. A monomial that contains no variables is called a (power, constant, degree).
9. The expression 106 is a (trinomial, nth root, power).
10. One of the steps that may be necessary to simplify a radical expression
is (synthetic division, scientific notation, rationalizing the denominator).
In your own words–

Define each term.
11. square root
12. pure imaginary number

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Quiz SCORE
(Lessons 5–1 through 5–3)
For Questions 1 and 2, simplify. Assume that no variable

equals 0. 1.
16(x3y)2
1. (4n5y2)(6n2y5) 2. 2.
2(xy0)4
3. Express 0.00000068 in scientific notation. 3.
4. Evaluate (3.8 102)(4 105). Express the result in 4.

Simplify.
5. (3p 5q) (6p 4q) 5.
6. (2x 3) (5x 6) 6.
7. (4x 5)(2x 7) 7.
8. Standardized Test Practice Which expression is equal to

(30a2 11a 15)(5a 6)1?
45
A. 6a 5 B. 6a 5
5a 6
45 45
C. 6a 5 D. 6a 5 8.
5a 6 5a 6
Simplify.
9. (m2 m 6) (m 4) 9.
10. (a3 6a2 10a 3) (a 3) 10.
NAME DATE PERIOD
(Lessons 5–4 and 5–5)
Assessment
For Questions 1 and 2, factor completely. If the
polynomial is not factorable, write prime.
1. 2c2 98 1.
2. 6a2 3a 18 2.
x2 7x 12
3. Simplify 2 . Assume that the denominator is not 3.
x 16
equal to 0.
3
4. Simplify 27w
9. y6 4.
3
to three decimal 5.
places.
NAME DATE PERIOD
5 1.
1. 2. 18m

5n6
2x
2.
18
3. 412 108
772
3.
7
4. (5 )2 4.
5.
2 6

5. (7 5
)(3 25
) 6.
4 6

6.
5

7. Write the expression x8 in radical form. 7.
5 8.
32z3 using rational exponents.
4
3

2
9.
9. Evaluate 16 2. 10. Simplify 6t 3 t 3 .
10.
NAME DATE PERIOD
Solve each equation

1.
1. 5y
3 7y
9
3
2.
2v 7 2 2.
For Questions 3 and 4, solve each inequality.

3.
3. 2 5x
14
4.
4. 2x
51 4
5.
5. Solve 5x2 100 0.
6.
Simplify.
7.
6. 80
7. 6
12

8.
8. (6 9i) (17 12i) 9. (7 3i)(8 4i)
9.
2i
10.
3i
10.
NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Mid-Chapter Test SCORE
(Lessons 5–1 through 5–5)
Part I Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each question.
Simplify.
1. (5x3y)2(2x5y1)
50x11
A. 50x10y B. C. 50x11y D. 10x8y 1.
y
3x2y4z0
2. 2 3
12xy z
2 2 2 x3y2
A. y33 B. y3 C. y23 D. 2 2.
4x z 4xz 9x z 4z
3. (x2 2x 5) (3x2 4x 7)
A. 2x2 2x 12 B. 2x2 6x 12 C. 4x2 2x 2 D. 4x2 6x 2 3.
4. (s 3)(s 4)
A. s2 7s 12 B. s 1 C. s2 7s 12 D. s2 s 12 4.
x 4x 5
2
5. (Assume that the denominator is not equal to 0.)
2x 11x 30
x1 x1 x1
A. B. 1 C. D. 5.
x6 x6 x6
3
6. 216x9
A. 6x6 B. 6 x3 C. 6x3 D. 6x3 6.
7. 4x
2y2z4
A. 2xyz 2 B. 2 xy z2 C. 2xyz2 D. 2x2y2z4 7.
Part II
8. Use long division to find (2x3 7x2 7x 2) (x 2). 8.
9. Use synthetic division to find (x3 2x2 34x 9) (x 7). 9.
Assessment
4
to three decimal 10.
places.
11. Some computer chips can perform a floating point 11.

operation in less than 0.00000000125 second. Express this
value in scientific notation.
12. Evaluate (4 106)(2.8 103). Express your answer in 12.

13. Factor ax2 4a 5x2 20 completely. If the polynomial is 13.

not factorable, write prime.
14. Simplify (5x4 22x2 7x 6) (x 2). 14.

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Chapter 5 Cumulative Review

(Chapters 1–5)
1. Write an algebraic expression to represent the verbal 1.

expression the square of the sum of a number and three.
(Lesson 1-3)
2. If f(x) x2 3x, find f(2 a). (Lesson 2-1) 2.
3. Write an equation in slope-intercept form of the line 3.

through (1, 3) and (–3, 7). (Lesson 2-4)
4. Solve the system of equations 2x 5y 16 4.

4x 3y 6 by using elimination. (Lesson 3-2)
5. STORES The floor area of a furniture storeroom is 5.

500 square yards. One sofa requires 3 square yards and one
dining table requires 4 square yards of space. The room can
hold a maximum of 150 pieces of furniture. Let s represent
the number of sofas and t represent the number of tables.
Write a system of inequalities to represent the number of
pieces of furniture that can be placed in the storeroom.
(Lesson 3-4)

0 3
6. State the dimensions of matrix A if A 10 7 . (Lesson 4-1) 6.
0 4

1
7. Find the product
3 6 4
0 5 2
5 , if possible. (Lesson 4-3) 7.
2
8. Write a matrix equation for the system of equations 8.

3m 2n 16
4m 5n 9. (Lesson 4-8)
2.4 109
9. Evaluate 2 . Express the result in scientific notation. 9.
1.6 10
(Lesson 5-1)
10. Use long division to find (6x3 x2 x) (2x 1). (Lesson 5-3) 10.
11. Simplify 49x

.
2y4 (Lesson 5-5) 11.
4
25z6 using rational exponents. (Lesson 5-7) 12.
3 2i
13. Simplify . (Lesson 5-8) 13.
1 4i

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Standardized Test Practice

(Chapters 1–5)
Part 1: Multiple Choice

Instructions: Fill in the appropriate oval for the best answer.
1. In the figure, circle P represents all prime P Q

numbers, circle Q represents all numbers
a
whose square roots are not integers, and
c
circle R represents all multiples of 4. b d
In which region does 24 belong?
A. a B. b
R
C. c D. d 1. A B C D
2. Find the reciprocal of 3 2.

x 5
2x 15
E. F. 5
x
G. 5
x
H. x 2. E F G H
5x 6 2x 15
3. Suppose a set of data contains just two data items. If the median
is w, the mean is x, and the mode is y, which of the following must
be equal?
A. w, x, and y B. x and y C. w and x D. w and y 3. A B C D
4. What is the value of cd in the equation 32cd 11cd 42?

E. 1 F. 1 G. 2 H. –2 4. E F G H
2 2
5. Hoshiko owns one-fifth of a business. She sells her share for

$15,000. What is the total value of the business?
A. $3000 B. $75,000 C. $100,000 D. $150,000 5. A B C D
6. If r is an odd integer and m 8r, then m will always be _____.

2
E. odd F. even G. positive H. negative 6. E F G H
Assessment
7. 13% of 160 is 16% of _____.
A. 13 B. 130 C. 1300 D. 13,000 7. A B C D
8. If m2 3, then what is the value of 5m6?

E. 15 F. 30 G. 45 H. 135 8. E F G H
9. Which is the equation of a line that passes through a point with

coordinates (7, –1) and is perpendicular to the graph of y 2x 1?
A. y 2x 15 B. y 2x 13 C. y 1x 21 D. y 1x 41 9. A B C D
2 2 2 2
10. If mn 16 and m2 n2 68, then (m n)2 _____.

E. 68 F. 84
G. 100 H. cannot be determined 10. E F G H

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Standardized Test Practice (continued)
Part 2: Grid In
Instructions: Enter your answer by writing each digit of the answer in a column box
and then shading in the appropriate oval that corresponds to that entry.
11. What is the value of a b b a if 11. 12.

a b 1? / / / /
3 . . . . . . . .
0 0 0 0 0 0
12. The volume of a cube with a surface area of 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
384 in.2 is _____ in3. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
13. The circle is divided into eight 13. 14.

sectors of equal area. In two 50 35
/ / / /
consecutive spins, what is the 45 5 . . . . . . . .
probability of spinning a “50” 30 15
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
and then spinning an 25 40 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
odd-numbered region? 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
14. For all positive integers m, m 2m2 1. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
What is the value of x if x 45,001? 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Part 3: Quantitative Comparison

Instructions: Compare the quantities in columns A and B. Shade in
A if the quantity in column A is greater;
B if the quantity in column B is greater;
C if the quantities are equal; or
D if the relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
Column A Column B
15. 15. A B C D
3y˚
y˚ (y 30)˚
2y 70
16. x 0 16. A B C D
8x
80% of x
10
17. xk 17. A B C D
2(x k) 2(x k)
18. 2x1 128 18. A B C D
x 7

NAME DATE PERIOD
5 Standardized Test Practice

Student Record Sheet (Use with pages 282–283 of the Student Edition.)
Part 1 Multiple Choice

Select the best answer from the choices given and fill in the corresponding oval.
1 A B C D 4 A B C D 7 A B C D
Part 2 Short Response/Grid In

Solve the problem and write your answer in the blank.
Also enter your answer by writing each number or symbol in a box. Then fill in
the corresponding oval for that number or symbol.
10 12 14 16
/ / / / / / / /
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
11 13 15 17
/ / / / / / / /
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
Part 3 Quantitative Comparison

Answers
Select the best answer from the choices given and fill in the corresponding oval.
18 A B C D 20 A B C D 22 A B C D
19 A B C D 21 A B C D
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A1 Glencoe Algebra 2

©
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____ NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
5-1 Study Guide and Intervention 5-1 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
Monomials Monomials
Monomials A monomial is a number, a variable, or the product of a number and one or Scientific Notation
more variables. Constants are monomials that contain no variables.
Scientific notation A number expressed in the form a 10n, where 1 a 10 and n is an integer
1 n 1
Negative Exponent an n and
n a for any real number a 0 and any integer n.
a a
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Example 1 Express 46,000,000 in scientific notation.
When you simplify an expression, you rewrite it without parentheses or negative
exponents. The following properties are useful when simplifying expressions. 46,000,000 4.6 10,000,000 1 4.6 10
4.6 107 Write 10,000,000 as a power of ten.
Product of Powers am an am n for any real number a and integers m and n.
am 3.5 104
Quotient of Powers am n for any real number a 0 and integers m and n. Example 2
an Evaluate
2 . Express the result in scientific notation.
5 10
For a, b real numbers and m, n integers:
3.5 104 3.5 104
(am )n amn
5 102 5 102
(ab)m ambm
Properties of Powers
Lesson 5-1
n a n 0.7 106
,b0
bn
ab 7 105
a n b n bn
, a 0, b 0
an
b a or
Exercises
Example Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0. Express each number in scientific notation.
(m4)3 1. 24,300 2. 0.00099 3. 4,860,000
a. (3m4n2)(5mn)2 b.
Answers
(2m2)2 2.43 104 9.9 104 4.86 106

(3m4n2)(5mn)2 3m4n2 25m2n2
A2
(m4)3 m12
75m4m2n2n2 1 4. 525,000,000 5. 0.0000038 6. 221,000
(2m2)2
75m4 2n2 2 4 4m 5.25 108 3.8 106 2.21 105
75m6 m12 4m4
4m16 7. 0.000000064 8. 16,750 9. 0.000369
6.4 108 1.675 104 3.69 104
Exercises
(Lesson 5-1)
Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0. 10. (3.6 104)(5 103) 11. (1.4 108)(8 1012) 12. (4.2 103)(3 102)
b8 1.8 108 1.12 105 1.26 104
1. c12 c4 c6 c14 2. 2 b6 3. (a4)5 a 20
b 9.5 107 1.62 102 4.81 108
13. 14. 15. 4
3.8 102 1.8 105 6.5 10
2.5 109 9 108 7.4 103
x2 y y2 a2b 1 b x2y 2 x2
4.
4 1 6 5.
3 2 6. 3
x y x a b a5 xy
y4 16. (3.2 103)2 17. (4.5 107)2 18. (6.8 105)2
1.024 105 2.025 1015 4.624 109
19. ASTRONOMY Pluto is 3,674.5 million miles from the sun. Write this number in
1 8m3n2 2m2
7. (5a2b3)2(abc)2 5a6b 8c 2 8. m7 m8 m15 9. 3 scientific notation. Source: New York Times Almanac 3.6745 109 miles
5 4mn n
20. CHEMISTRY The boiling point of the metal tungsten is 10,220°F. Write this
temperature in scientific notation. Source: New York Times Almanac 1.022 104
23c4t2 24j 2 2mn2(3m2n)2 3
10.
2 4 2 2 11. 4j(2j2k2)(3j 3k7) 12.
3 4 m 2 21. BIOLOGY The human body contains 0.0004% iodine by weight. How many pounds of
2 c t 5 k 12m n 2
iodine are there in a 120-pound teenager? Express your answer in scientific notation.
Source: Universal Almanac 4.8 104 lb
© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 239 Glencoe Algebra 2 © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 240 Glencoe Algebra 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
©
5-1 Skills Practice 5-1 Practice (Average)
Monomials Monomials
Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0. Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.
1. b4 b3 b 7 2. c5 c2 c2 c 9 1. n5 n2 n7 2. y7 y3 y2 y12
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
3. t9 t8 t 4. x4 x4 x4 4
1 x
3. a4 a3 7 4. x5 x4 x x 2
a 8c9
5. (2f 4)6 64f 24 6. (2b2c3)3
b6
5. (g4)2 g 8 6. (3u)3 27u 3 20d 3t 2
7. (4d 2t5v4)(5dt3v1) 5 8. 8u(2z)3 64uz 3
v
12m8 y64m 7y 2 6s5x3 s4
9. 4 10. 7 4
7. (x)4 x 4 8. 5(2z)3 40z 3 9my 3 18sx 3x
27x3(x7) 27x 6 2 4
Lesson 5-1
11. 12.
2 3 6
16x4 16 3r 2s z 9r 4s 6z 12
9. (3d)4 81d 4 10. (2t2)3 8t 6 256
13. (4w3z5)(8w)2 5 14. (m4n6)4(m3n2p5)6 m 34n 36p 30
wz
s15
3 4 3 2x y
3 2 2 y6
11. (r7)3 r 21 12. 15. d 2f 4 12d 23f 19 16.
2 5
12 s
s
32 43 d 5f x y 4x 2
(3x2y3)(5xy8) 15x11 20(m2v)(v)3 4v2
17.
3 4 2 3 18.
2 4 2
k9 1 (x ) y y 5(v) (m ) m
Answers
13.
10 14. (3f 3g)3 27f 9g 3
k k
A3
15. (2x)2(4y)2 64x 2y 2 16. 2gh( g3h5) 2g 4h 6 19. 896,000 20. 0.000056 21. 433.7 108
8.96 105 5.6 105 4.337 1010
24wz7 8z 2
17. 10x2y3(10xy8) 100x 3y11 18. 3 5 2 Evaluate. Express the result in scientific notation.
3w z w
2.7 106
22. (4.8 102)(6.9 104) 23. (3.7 109)(8.7 102) 24.
10
2 9 10
(Lesson 5-1)
6a4bc8 c7 10pq4r 2q
19. 20. 3.312 107 3.219 1012 3 105
36a7b2c 6a 3b 5p3q2r p 2
25. COMPUTING The term bit, short for binary digit, was first used in 1946 by John Tukey.
A single bit holds a zero or a one. Some computers use 32-bit numbers, or strings of
32 consecutive bits, to identify each address in their memories. Each 32-bit number
corresponds to a number in our base-ten system. The largest 32-bit number is nearly
21. 53,000 5.3 104 22. 0.000248 2.48 104
4,295,000,000. Write this number in scientific notation. 4.295 109
26. LIGHT When light passes through water, its velocity is reduced by 25%. If the speed of
23. 410,100,000 4.101 108 24. 0.00000805 8.05 106 light in a vacuum is 1.86 105 miles per second, at what velocity does it travel through
water? Write your answer in scientific notation. 1.395 105 mi/s
27. TREES Deciduous and coniferous trees are hard to distinguish in a black-and-white
Evaluate. Express the result in scientific notation. photo. But because deciduous trees reflect infrared energy better than coniferous trees,
9.6 107 10 the two types of trees are more distinguishable in an infrared photo. If an infrared
25. (4 103)(1.6 106) 6.4 103 26. 3 6.4 10 wavelength measures about 8 107 meters and a blue wavelength measures about
1.5 10
4.5 107 meters, about how many times longer is the infrared wavelength than the
blue wavelength? about 1.8 times
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©
5-1 Reading to Learn Mathematics 5-1 Enrichment

Monomials
Pre-Activity Why is scientific notation useful in economics? Properties of Exponents
Read the introduction to Lesson 5-1 at the top of page 222 in your textbook. The rules about powers and exponents are usually given with letters such as m, n,
Your textbook gives the U.S. public debt as an example from economics that and k to represent exponents. For example, one rule states that am an am n.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
involves large numbers that are difficult to work with when written in
In practice, such exponents are handled as algebraic expressions and the rules of
standard notation. Give an example from science that involves very large
algebra apply.
numbers and one that involves very small numbers. Sample answer:
distances between Earth and the stars, sizes of molecules
and atoms Example 1 Simplify 2a2(a n 1 a 4n).
2a2(an 1 a4n) 2a2 an 1 2a2 a4n Use the Distributive Law.
2a2 n 1 2a2 4n Recall am an am n.

2an 3 2a2 4n Simplify the exponent 2 n 1 as n 3.
Reading the Lesson
Lesson 5-1
It is important always to collect like terms only.
1. Tell whether each expression is a monomial or not a monomial. If it is a monomial, tell
whether it is a constant or not a constant.
Example 2 Simplify (a n bm)2.
a. 3x2 monomial; not a constant b. y2 5y 6 not a monomial (an bm)2 (an
bm)(an bm)
F O I L
1 an an an bm an bm bm bm The second and third terms are like terms.
c. 73 monomial; constant d.
z not a monomial
Answers
a2n 2anbm b2m
A4
2. Complete the following definitions of a negative exponent and a zero exponent.
1 Simplify each expression by performing the indicated operations.

For any real number a 0 and any integer n, an an .
1. 232m 23 m 2. (a3)n a 3n 3. (4nb2)k 4knb 2k
For any real number a 0, a0 1 .
3. Name the property or properties of exponents that you would use to simplify each 4. (x3a j )m x3ma jm 5. (ayn)3 a 3y 3n 6. (bkx)2 b 2kx 2
(Lesson 5-1)
expression. (Do not actually simplify.)
m8
a. 3 quotient of powers 7. (c2)hk c 2hk 8. (2dn)5 32d 5n 9. (a2b)(anb2) a 2 nb 3
m
b. y6 y9 product of powers
an 12x3
10. (xnym)(xmyn) 11. 2 12. n
c. (3r2s)4 power of a product and power of a power a 4x
xn myn m an 2 3x 3 n
Helping You Remember 13. (ab2 a2b)(3an 4bn) 3a n 1b 2 4ab n 2 3an 2b 4a 2b n 1

4. When writing a number in scientific notation, some students have trouble remembering
when to use positive exponents and when to use negative ones. What is an easy way to
remember this? Sample answer: Use a positive exponent if the number is 14. ab2(2a2bn 1 4abn 6bn 1) 2a 3b n 1 4a 2b n 2 6ab n 3
10 or greater. Use a negative number if the number is less than 1.
Glencoe Algebra 2
©
Polynomials Polynomials
Add and Subtract Polynomials Multiply Polynomials You use the distributive property when you multiply
polynomials. When multiplying binomials, the FOIL pattern is helpful.
Polynomial a monomial or a sum of monomials
To multiply two binomials, add the products of
Like Terms terms that have the same variable(s) raised to the same power(s)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
F the first terms,
To add or subtract polynomials, perform the indicated operations and combine like terms. FOIL Pattern O the outer terms,
I the inner terms, and
Example 1 L the last terms.
Simplify 6rs 18r 2 5s2 14r 2 8rs 6s2.
6rs 18r2 5s2 14r2 8rs 6s2 Example 1 Find 4y(6 2y 5y 2).
(18r2 14r2) (6rs 8rs) (5s2 6s2) Group like terms.
4r2 2rs 11s2 Combine like terms. 4y(6 2y 5y2) 4y(6) 4y(2y) 4y(5y2) Distributive Property
24y 8y2 20y3 Multiply the monomials.
Example 2 Simplify 4xy2 12xy 7x 2y (20xy 5xy2 8x 2y). Example 2 Find (6x 5)(2x 1).
4xy2 12xy 7x2y (20xy 5xy2 8x2y)
(6x 5)(2x 1) 6x 2x 6x 1 (5) 2x (5) 1
4xy2 12xy 7x2y 20xy 5xy2 8x2y Distribute the minus sign.
First terms Outer terms Inner terms Last terms
(7x2y 8x2y ) (4xy2 5xy2) (12xy 20xy) Group like terms.
12x2 6x 10x 5 Multiply monomials.
x2y xy2 8xy Combine like terms.
12x2 4x 5 Add like terms.
Exercises Exercises
Answers
Lesson 5-2
Simplify. Find each product.
A5
1. (6x2 3x 2) (4x2 x 3) 2. (7y2 12xy 5x2) (6xy 4y2 3x2) 1. 2x(3x2 5) 2. 7a(6 2a a2) 3. 5y2( y2 2y 3)
2x 2 4x 5 3y 2 18xy 8x 2 6x 3 10x 42a 14a 2 7a 3 5y 4 10y 3 15y 2
3. (4m2 6m) (6m 4m2) 4. 27x2 5y2 12y2 14x2 4. (x 2)(x 7) 5. (5 4x)(3 2x) 6. (2x 1)(3x 5)
8m 2 12m 13x 2 7y 2 x 2 5x 14 15 22x 8x 2 6x 2 7x 5
(Lesson 5-2)
5. (18p2 11pq 6q2) (15p2 3pq 4q2) 6. 17j 2 12k2 3j 2 15j 2 14k2
7. (4x 3)(x 8) 8. (7x 2)(2x 7) 9. (3x 2)(x 10)
3p 2 14pq 10q 2 5j 2 2k 2 4x 2 35x 24 14x 2 53x 14 3x 2 28x 20
7. (8m2 7n2) (n2 12m2) 8. 14bc 6b 4c 8b 8c 8bc
10. 3(2a 5c) 2(4a 6c) 11. 2(a 6)(2a 7) 12. 2x(x 5) x2(3 x)
20m 2 8n 2 14b 22bc 12c
2a 27c 4a 2 10a 84 x 3 x 2 10x
9. 6r2s 11rs2 3r2s 7rs2 15r2s 9rs2 10. 9xy 11x2 14y2 (6y2 5xy 3x2)
24r 2s 5rs 2 14x 2 4xy 20y 2 13. (3t2 8)(t2 5) 14. (2r 7)2 15. (c 7)(c 3)
3t 4 7t 2 40 4r 2 28r 49 c 2 4c 21
11. (12xy 8x 3y) (15x 7y 8xy) 12. 10.8b2 5.7b 7.2 (2.9b2 4.6b 3.1)
7x 4xy 4y 7.9b 2 1.1b 10.3 16. (5a 7)(5a 7) 17. (3x2 1)(2x2 5x)
25a 2 49 6x 4 15x 3 2x 2 5x
13. (3bc 9b2 6c2) (4c2 b2 5bc) 14. 11x2 4y2 6xy 3y2 5xy 10x2
10b 2 8bc 2c 2 x 2 xy 7y 2 18. (x2 2)(x2 5) 19. (x 1)(2x2 3x 1)
1 3 1 1 1 3 x 4 7x 2 10 2x 3 x 2 2x 1
15. x2 xy y2 xy y2 x2 16. 24p3 15p2 3p 15p3 13p2 7p
4 8 2 2 4 8
1 7 3 20. (2n2 3)(n2 5n 1) 21. (x 1)(x2 3x 4)
x 2 xy y 2 9p 3 2p 2 4p
8 8 4 2n 4 10n 3 5n 2 15n 3 x 3 4x 2 7x 4
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©
Polynomials Polynomials
Determine whether each expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, state the Determine whether each expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, state the
degree of the polynomial. degree of the polynomial.
b2c 1 4 12m8n9
1. x2 2x 2 yes; 2 2. 4 no 3. 8xz y yes; 2 1. 5x3 2xy4 6xy yes; 5 2. ac a5d3 yes; 8 3. 2 no
d 2 3 (m n)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
5 6
4. 25x3z x78
yes; 4 5. 6c2 c 1 no 6. no
r s
Simplify.
Simplify.
4. (g 5) (2g 7) 5. (5d 5) (d 1)
7. (3n2 1) (8n2 8) 8. (6w 11w2) (4 7w2)
3g 12 4d 4 11n 2 7 18w 2 6w 4
6. (x2 3x 3) (2x2 7x 2) 7. (2f 2 3f 5) (2f 2 3f 8) 9. (6n 13n2) (3n 9n2) 10. (8x2 3x) (4x2 5x 3)
3x 2 4x 5 4f 2 6f 3 9n 4n 2 4x 2 8x 3
11. (5m2 2mp 6p2) (3m2 5mp p2) 12. (2x2 xy y2) (3x2 4xy 3y2)
8. (4r2 6r 2) (r2 3r 5) 9. (2x2 3xy) (3x2 6xy 4y2) 8m 2 7mp 7p 2 x 2 3xy 4y 2
5r 2 9r 3 x 2 3xy 4y 2 13. (5t 7) (2t2 3t 12) 14. (u 4) (6 3u2 4u)
2t 2 8t 5 3u 2 5u 10
10. (5t 7) (2t2 3t 12) 11. (u 4) (6 3u2 4u)
15. 9( y2 7w) 16. 9r4y2(3ry7 2r3y4 8r10)
2t 2 8t 5 3u 2 5u 10
Answers
9y 2 63w 27r 5y 9 18r 7y 6 72r14y 2
Lesson 5-2
A6
12. 5(2c2 d 2) 13. x2(2x 9) 17. 6a2w(a3w aw4) 18. 5a2w3(a2w6 3a4w2 9aw6)
10c 2 5d 2 2x 3 9x 2 6a 5w 2 6a 3w 5 5a4w 9 15a 6w 5 45a 3w 9
3
19. 2x2(x2 xy 2y2) 20. ab3d2(5ab2d5 5ab)
5
14. 2q(3pq 4q4) 15. 8w(hk2 10h3m4 6k5w3)
2x 4 2x 3y 4x 2y 2 3a 2b 5d 7 3a 2b4d 2
6pq 2 8q 5 8hk 2w 80h 3m 4w 48k 5w 4
21. (v2 6)(v2 4) 22. (7a 9y)(2a y)
(Lesson 5-2)
16. m2n3(4m2n2 2mnp 7) 17. 3s2y(2s4y2 3sy3 4) v 4 2v 2 24 14a 2 11ay 9y 2

4m 4n 5 2m 3n 4p 7m 2n 3 6s 6y 3 9s3y 4 12s 2y 23. ( y 8)2 24. (x2 5y)2
y 2 16y 64 x 4 10x 2y 25y 2
18. (c 2)(c 8) 19. (z 7)(z 4)
25. (5x 4w)(5x 4w) 26. (2n4 3)(2n4 3)
c 2 10c 16 z 2 3z 28 25x 2 16w 2 4n8 9
27. (w 2s)(w2 2ws 4s2) 28. (x y)(x2 3xy 2y2)
20. (a 5)2 21. (2x 3)(3x 5)
w 3 8s3 x 3 2x 2y xy 2 2y 3
a2 10a 25 6x 2 19x 15
29. BANKING Terry invests $1500 in two mutual funds. The first year, one fund grows 3.8%
22. (r 2s)(r 2s) 23. (3y 4)(2y 3) and the other grows 6%. Write a polynomial to represent the amount Terry’s $1500
grows to in that year if x represents the amount he invested in the fund with the lesser
r 2 4s 2 6y 2 y 12 growth rate. 0.022x 1590
30. GEOMETRY The area of the base of a rectangular box measures 2x2 4x 3 square
24. (3 2b)(3 2b) 25. (3w 1)2
units. The height of the box measures x units. Find a polynomial expression for the
9 4b 2 9w 2 6w 1 volume of the box. 2x 3 4x 2 3x units3
Glencoe Algebra 2
©

Polynomials
Pre-Activity How can polynomials be applied to financial situations? Polynomials with Fractional Coefficients
Read the introduction to Lesson 5-2 at the top of page 229 in your textbook. Polynomials may have fractional coefficients as long as there are no variables
Suppose that Shenequa decides to enroll in a five-year engineering program in the denominators. Computing with fractional coefficients is performed in
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rather than a four-year program. Using the model given in your textbook, the same way as computing with whole-number coefficients.
how could she estimate the tuition for the fifth year of her program? (Do
not actually calculate, but describe the calculation that would be necessary.) Simpliply. Write all coefficients as fractions.
Multiply $15,604 by 1.04.
2 1 5 3 31 5 55
1. m p n p m n m n p
35 7 3 73 2 4 10 12 21
Reading the Lesson
1. State whether the terms in each of the following pairs are like terms or unlike terms.
4 5 1 2 7 6 1 3 25 7
a. 3x2, 3y2 unlike terms b. m4, 5m4 like terms 2. x y z x y z x y z x y z
32 3 4 4 5 8 7 2 8 21 20
c. 8r3, 8s3 unlike terms d. 6, 6 like terms
2. State whether each of the following expressions is a monomial, binomial, trinomial, or

not a polynomial. If the expression is a polynomial, give its degree. 1 1 2 3 4 1 1
3. a2 ab b2 a2 ab b2 a2 ab b2
12 3 4 56 3 4 3 3 2
a. 4r4 2r 1 trinomial; degree 4 b. 3x
not a polynomial
Answers
c. 5x 4y binomial; degree 1 d. 2ab 4ab2 6ab3 trinomial; degree 4
Lesson 5-2
A7
3. a. What is the FOIL method used for in algebra? to multiply binomials 1 1 1 5 1 1 7
4. a2 ab b2 a2 ab b2 a2 ab b2
12 3 4 13 2 6 6 6 12
b. The FOIL method is an application of what property of real numbers?
Distributive Property
c. In the FOIL method, what do the letters F, O, I, and L mean?
first, outer, inner, last 1 1 2 1 1 25 1
5. a2 ab b2 a b a3 a2b ab2 b3
12 3 4 12 3 4 2 72 6
d. Suppose you want to use the FOIL method to multiply (2x 3)(4x 1). Show the
(Lesson 5-2)
terms you would multiply, but do not actually multiply them.

F (2x)(4x)
1 2 1 2 4 1 4 4
O (2x)(1) 6. a2 a a3 a2 a a5 a3 a2 a
23 5 7 23 5 7 9 25 35 49
I (3)(4x)
L (3)(1)
3 1 1 1 79 3 49
7. x2 x 2 x x2 x4 x3 x2 x 1
23 4 45 6 2 9 120 5 40
4. You can remember the difference between monomials, binomials, and trinomials by
thinking of common English words that begin with the same prefixes. Give two words 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 7 1 1 1
8. x x4 x2 x3 x x7 x5 x3 x2 x
unrelated to mathematics that start with mono-, two that begin with bi-, and two that
16 3 6 2 16 3 3 36 36 36 18 6 18
begin with tri-. Sample answer: monotonous, monogram; bicycle, bifocal;
tricycle, tripod
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Answers
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Dividing Polynomials Dividing Polynomials

Use Long Division To divide a polynomial by a monomial, use the properties of powers Use Synthetic Division
from Lesson 5-1.
a procedure to divide a polynomial by a binomial using coefficients of the dividend and
To divide a polynomial by a polynomial, use a long division pattern. Remember that only Synthetic division
the value of r in the divisor x r
like terms can be added or subtracted.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Use synthetic division to find (2x3 5x2 5x 2)
(x 1).
Example 1 12p3t2r 21p2qtr2 9p3tr
Simplify
2 . Step 1 Write the terms of the dividend so that the degrees of the terms are in 2x 3 5x 2 5x 2
3p tr
descending order. Then write just the coefficients. 2 5 5 2
12p3t2r 21p2qtr2 9p3tr 12p3t2r 21p2qtr2 9p3tr

3p2tr 3p2tr 3p2tr 3p2tr Step 2 Write the constant r of the divisor x r to the left, In this case, r 1. 1 2 5 5 2
Bring down the first coefficient, 2, as shown.
12 21 9
p3 2t2 1r1 1 p2 2qt1 1r2 1 p3 2t1 1r1 1 2
3 3 3
Step 3 Multiply the first coefficient by r, 1 2 2. Write their product under the 1 2 5 5 2
4pt 7qr 3p
second coefficient. Then add the product and the second coefficient: 2
5 2 3. 2 3
Example 2 Use long division to find (x3 8x2 4x 9) (x 4).
x2 4x 12 coefficient and add: 5 (3) 2. 2 3
x 4
x
3
8x
2 4
x9 2 3 2
()x3 4x2 Step 5 Multiply the sum, 2, by r: 2 1 2. Write the product under the next 1 2 5 5 2
4x2 4x coefficient and add: 2 2 0. The remainder is 0. 2 3 2
()4x2 16x 2 3 2 0
Answers
12x 9
()12x 48 Thus, (2x3 5x2 5x 2)
(x 1) 2x2 3x 2.
A8
57
The quotient is x2 4x 12, and the remainder is 57. Exercises
x3 8x2 4x 9 57
Therefore x2 4x 12 . Simplify.
x4 x4
1. (3x3 7x2 9x 14)

(x 2) 2. (5x3 7x2 x 3)
(x 1)
Exercises
3x 2 x 7 5x 2 2x 3
Lesson 5-3
(Lesson 5-3)
Simplify.
18a3 30a2 24mn6 40m2n3 60a2b3 48b4 84a5b2 3. (2x3 3x2 10x 3)
(x 3) 4. (x3 8x2 19x 9)
(x 4)
1. 2.
2 3 3.
2 3
3a 4m n 12ab 2x 2 3x 1 x 2 4x 3
x4
6n 3 4b2
6a 2 10a 10 5ab 7a 4 5. (2x3 10x2 9x 38)
(x 5) 6. (3x3 8x2 16x 1)
(x 1)
m a
7 10
4. (2x2 5x 3)
(x 3) 5. (m2 3m 7)
(m 2) 2x 2 9
x5
3x 2 5x 11
x1
3
2x 1 m5 7. (x3 9x2 17x 1)
(x 2) 8. (4x3 25x2 4x 20)
(x 6)
m2
5 8
6. (p3 6)
(p 1) 7. (t3 6t2 1)
(t 2)
x2 7x 3
x2
4x 2 x 2
x6
5 31 9. (6x3 28x2 7x 9)
(x 5) 10. (x4 4x3 x2 7x 2)
(x 2)
p2 p 1
p1
t 2 8t 16
t2 6
6x 2 2x 3
x5
x 3 2x 2 3x 1
8. (x5 1)
(x 1) 9. (2x3 5x2 4x 4)
(x 2)
65
x4 x3 x2 x 1 2x 2 x 2 11. (12x4 20x3 24x2 20x 35)
(3x 5) 4x 3 8x 20
3x 5
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Dividing Polynomials Dividing Polynomials

Simplify. Simplify.
10c 6 12x 20 15r10 5r8 40r2 8 6k2m 12k3m2 9m3 3k 9m
1. 5c 3 2. 3x 5 1. 4 3r 6 r 4 2 2.
2 6k 2
2 4 5r r 2km m 2k
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15y3 6y2 3y 12x2 4x 8 2 3. (30x3y 12x2y2 18x2y)
(6x2y) 4. (6w3z4 3w2z5 4w 5z)
(2w2z)
3. 5y 2 2y 1 4. 3x 1 3z 2 4 5
3y 4x x 5x 2y 3 3wz 3 2
2 wz 2w
5. (4a3 8a2 a2)(4a)1 6. (28d 3k2 d 2k2 4dk2)(4dk2)1
a d
5. (15q6 5q2)(5q4)1 6. (4f 5 6f 4 12f 3 8f 2)(4f 2)1 a 2 2a 7d 2 1
4 4
1 3f 2 f 2 7f 10 2x2 3x 14
3q 2 2 f 3 3f 2 7. f 5 8. 2x 7
q 2 f2 x2
7. (6j 2k 9jk2)
3jk 8. (4a2h2 8a3h 3a4)
(2a2)
3a 2 9. (a3 64)
(a 4) a 2 4a 16 10. (b3 27)
(b 3) b 2 3b 9
2j 3k 2h 2 4ah
2
9. (n2 7n 10)
(n 5) 10. (d 2 4d 3)
(d 1) 2x3 6x 152 3
2x 4x 6 72
11. 2x 2 8x 38 12. 2x 2 6x 22
x4 x3 x3
n2 d3
Answers
11. (2s2 13s 15)

(s 5) 12. (6y2 y 2)(2y 1)1 13. (3w3 7w2 4w 3)
(w 3) 14. (6y4 15y3 28y 6)
(y 2)
A9
3 26
2s 3 3y 2 3w 2 2w 2 6y 3 3y 2 6y 16
w3 y2
15. (x4 3x3 11x2 3x 10)
(x 5) 16. (3m5 m 1)
(m 1)
13. (4g2 9)
(2g 3) 14. (2x2 5x 4)
(x 3) 5
1 x3 2x 2 x2 3m4 3m 3 3m 2 3m 4
2g 3 2x 1 m1
x3 17. (x4 3x3 5x 6)(x 2)1 18. (6y2 5y 15)(2y 3)1
u2 5u 12 2x2 5x 4 Lesson 5-3 24 6
(Lesson 5-3)
15. 16. x 3 5x 2 10x 15 3y 7

u3 x3 x2 2y 3
12 1 4x2 2x 6 6x2 x 7
u8 2x 1 19. 20.
u3 x3 2x 3 3x 1
12 6
2x 2 2x 1
17. (3v2 7v 10)(v 4)1 18. (3t4 4t3 32t2 5t 20)(t 4)1 2x 3 3x 1
10 21. (2r3 5r2 2r 15)
(2r 3) 22. (6t3 5t2 2t 1)
(3t 1)
3v 5
v4
3t 3 8t 2 5 2
r2 4r 5 2t 2 t 1
3t 1
y3 y2
6 2x3 x2 19x 15
19. 20. 4p4 17p2 14p 3 2h4 h3 h2 h 3
y2 x3 23. 24.
2
2p 3 h 1
18 3
y 2 3y 6
y2
2x 2 5x 4
x3 2p 3 3p 2 4p 1 2h 2 h 3
21. (4p3 3p2 2p)

( p 1) 22. (3c4 6c3 2c 4)(c 2)1 25. GEOMETRY The area of a rectangle is 2x2 11x 15 square feet. The length of the
3 8 rectangle is 2x 5 feet. What is the width of the rectangle? x 3 ft
4p 2 p 3
p1
3c 3 2
c2
26. GEOMETRY The area of a triangle is 15x4 3x3 4x2 x 3 square meters. The
23. GEOMETRY The area of a rectangle is x3 8x2 13x 12 square units. The width of length of the base of the triangle is 6x2 2 meters. What is the height of the triangle?
the rectangle is x 4 units. What is the length of the rectangle? x 2 4x 3 units 5x 2 x 3 m
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Answers
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Pre-Activity How can you use division of polynomials in manufacturing? Oblique Asymptotes
Read the introduction to Lesson 5-3 at the top of page 233 in your textbook. The graph of y ax b, where a 0, is called an oblique asymptote of y f(x)
Using the division symbol (
), write the division problem that you would if the graph of f comes closer and closer to the line as x → ∞ or x → ∞. ∞ is the
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
use to answer the question asked in the introduction. (Do not actually mathematical symbol for infinity, which means endless.
divide.) (32x2 x) (8x) 2
For f(x) 3x 4 , y 3x 4 is an oblique asymptote because
x
22
f(x) 3x 4 , and → 0 as x → ∞ or ∞. In other words, as | x |
Reading the Lesson xx
2
1. a. Explain in words how to divide a polynomial by a monomial. Divide each term of increases, the value of gets smaller and smaller approaching 0.
x
the polynomial by the monomial.
b. If you divide a trinomial by a monomial and get a polynomial, what kind of Example x2 8x 15
Find the oblique asymptote for f(x) .
polynomial will the quotient be? trinomial x2
2 1 8 15 Use synthetic division.
2. Look at the following division example that uses the division algorithm for polynomials. 2 12
2x 4 1 6 3
2x2 4x 7
x 4
2x2 8x x2 8x 15 3
y x 6
x2 x2
4x 7
4x 16 3
As | x | increases, the value of gets smaller. In other words, since
Answers
23 x2
3
→ 0 as x → ∞ or x → ∞, y x 6 is an oblique asymptote.
A10
Which of the following is the correct way to write the quotient? C x2
23 23
A. 2x 4 B. x 4 C. 2x 4 D.
x4 x4 Use synthetic division to find the oblique asymptote for each function.
3. If you use synthetic division to divide x3 3x2 5x 8 by x 2, the division will look 8x2 4x 11
like this: 1. y y 8x 44
x5
2 1 3 5 8
Lesson 5-3
(Lesson 5-3)
2 10 10
1 5 5 2 x2 3x 15
2. y y x 5
x2
Which of the following is the answer for this division problem? B
2
A. x2 5x 5 B. x2 5x 5
x2
2 x2 2x 18
C. x3 5x2 5x D. x3 5x2 5x 2 3. y y x 1
x2 x3

ax2 bx c
4. y y ax b ad
4. When you translate the numbers in the last row of a synthetic division into the quotient xd
and remainder, what is an easy way to remember which exponents to use in writing the
terms of the quotient? Sample answer: Start with the power that is one less
than the degree of the dividend. Decrease the power by one for each
ax2 bx c
term after the first. The final number will be the remainder. Drop any term 5. y y ax b ad
xd
that is represented by a 0.
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Factoring Polynomials Factoring Polynomials

Factor Polynomials Simplify Quotients In the last lesson you learned how to simplify the quotient of two
polynomials by using long division or synthetic division. Some quotients can be simplified by
For any number of terms, check for: using factoring.
greatest common factor
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
For two terms, check for: Example 8x2 11x 12
Simplify
2 .
Difference of two squares 2x 13x 24
a 2 b 2 (a b)(a b) 8x2 11x 12 (2x 3)( x 4)
Sum of two cubes Factor the numerator and denominator.
2x2 13x 24 (x 8)(2x 3)
a 3 b 3 (a b)(a 2 ab b 2)
x4 3
Difference of two cubes Divide. Assume x 8, .
2
x8
a 3 b 3 (a b)(a 2 ab b 2)
Techniques for Factoring Polynomials For three terms, check for:
Perfect square trinomials Exercises
a 2 2ab b 2 (a b)2
a 2 2ab b 2 (a b)2
General trinomials
acx 2 (ad bc)x bd (ax b)(cx d) x2 7x 12 x2 6x 5 x2 11x 30
1.
2 2.
2 3.
2
x x6 2x x 3 x 5x 6
For four terms, check for:
Grouping
x4 x5 x5

ax bx ay by x(a b) y(a b) x2 2x 3 x1
(a b)(x y)
Answers
x2 x 6 2x2 5x 3 5x2 9x 2
4.
2 5.
2 6.
2
Example x 7x 10 4x 11x 3 x 5x 6
A11
Factor 24x2 42x 45. x3 2x 1 5x 1

First factor out the GCF to get 24x2 42x 45 3(8x2 14x 15). To find the coefficients x5 4x 1 x3
of the x terms, you must find two numbers whose product is 8 (15) 120 and whose
sum is 14. The two coefficients must be 20 and 6. Rewrite the expression using 20x and
6x and factor by grouping. 4x2 4x 3 6x2 25x 4 x2 7x 10
7.
2 8.
2 9.
2
2x x 6 x 6x 8 3x 8x 35
8x2 14x 15 8x2 20x 6x 15 Group to find a GCF.
2x 1 6x 1 x2
4x(2x 5) 3(2x 5) Factor the GCF of each binomial.
(Lesson 5-4)
(4x 3)(2x 5) Distributive Property

x2 x2 3x 7
Thus, 24x2 42x 45 3(4x 3)(2x 5).

4x2 16x 15 3x2 4x 15 x2 14x 49
10.
2 11.
2 12.
2
2x x 3 2x 3x 9 x 2x 35
Exercises 2x 5 3x 5 x7

x1 2x 3 x5
Lesson 5-4
1. 14x2y2 42xy3 2. 6mn 18m n 3 3. 2x2 18x 16 x2 81 7x2 11x 6 4x2 12x 9
13.
2 14.
2 15.
2
2x 23x 45 x 4 2x 13x 24
14xy 2(x 3y) (6m 1)(n 3) 2(x 8)(x 1) x9 7x 3 2x 3

2x 5 x2 x8
4. x4 1 5. 35x3y4 60x4y 6. 2r3 250
(x 2 1)(x 1)(x 1) 5x 3y(7y 3 12x) 2(r 5)(r 2 5r 25)
4x2 4x 3 y3 64 27x3 8
16.
3 17.
2 18.
2
7. 100m8 9 8. x2 x 1 9. c4 c3 c2 c 8x 1 3y 17y 20 9x 4
2x 3 y 2 4y 16 9x 2 6x 4
(10m 4 3)(10m 4 3) prime c(c 1)2 (c 1)
4x 2 2x 1 3y 5 3x 2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
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Factoring Polynomials Factoring Polynomials

Factor completely. If the polynomial is not factorable, write prime. Factor completely. If the polynomial is not factorable, write prime.
1. 7x2 14x 2. 19x3 38x2 1. 15a2b 10ab2 2. 3st2 9s3t 6s2t2 3. 3x3y2 2x2y 5xy
7x(x 2) 19x 2(x 2) 5ab(3a 2b) 3st(t 3s 2 2st) xy(3x 2y 2x 5)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
4. 2x3y x2y 5xy2 xy3 5. 21 7t 3r rt 6. x2 xy 2x 2y
3. 21x3 18x2y 24xy2 4. 8j 3k 4jk3 7 xy(2x 2 x 5y y 2) (7 r)(3 t) (x 2)(x y)
3x(7x2 6xy 8y 2) prime
7. y2 20y 96 8. 4ab 2a 6b 3 9. 6n2 11n 2
5. a2 7a 18 6. 2ak 6a k 3
(y 8)(y 12) (2a 3)(2b 1) (6n 1)(n 2)
(a 9)(a 2) (2a 1)(k 3) 10. 6x2 7x 3 11. x2 8x 8 12. 6p2 17p 45
(3x 1)(2x 3) prime (2p 9)(3p 5)
7. b2 8b 7 8. z2 8z 10
13. r3 3r2 54r 14. 8a2 2a 6 15. c2 49
(b 7)(b 1) prime
r(r 9)(r 6) 2(4a 3)(a 1) (c 7)(c 7)
9. m2 7m 18 10. 2x2 3x 5 16. x3 8 17. 16r2 169 18. b4 81

(m 2)(m 9) (2x 5)(x 1) (x 2)(x 2 2x 4) (4r 13)(4r 13) (b 2 9)(b 3)(b 3)
19. 8m3 25 prime 20. 2t3 32t2 128t 2t(t 8)2
Answers
11. 4z2 4z 15 12. 4p2 4p 24
A12
(2z 5)(2z 3) 4(p 2)(p 3)
21. 5y5 135y2 5y 2(y 3)(y 2 3y 9) 22. 81x4 16 (9x 2 4)(3x 2)(3x 2)
13. 3y2 21y 36 14. c2 100

3(y 4)(y 3) (c 10)(c 10) Simplify. Assume that no denominator is equal to 0.
x2 16 x4 x2 16x 64 x 8 2 3(x 3)
23. 24. 3x 27
25.
3 2
x2 x 20 x 5 x2 x 72 x 9 x 27 x 3x 9
15. 4f 2 64 16. d 2 12d 36
(Lesson 5-4)
4(f 4)(f 4) (d 6)2 26. DESIGN Bobbi Jo is using a software package to create a x cm
drawing of a cross section of a brace as shown at the right.
Write a simplified, factored expression that represents the
17. 9x2 25 18. y2 18y 81 area of the cross section of the brace. x(20.2 x) cm2
prime (y 9)2
12 cm
19. n3 125 20. m4 1

x cm
Lesson 5-4
(n 5)(n 2 5n 25) (m 2 1)(m 1)(m 1) 8.2 cm
Simplify. Assume that no denominator is equal to 0. 27. COMBUSTION ENGINES In an internal combustion engine, the up
and down motion of the pistons is converted into the rotary motion of r1
x2 x2
7x 18 x2 x1
4x 3 the crankshaft, which drives the flywheel. Let r1 represent the radius
21. 22. r2
x2 4x 45 x 5 x2 6x 9 x 3 of the flywheel at the right and let r2 represent the radius of the
crankshaft passing through it. If the formula for the area of a circle
2 x5 x2 6x 7 x 1
x 10x 25
23. 24. is A r2, write a simplified, factored expression for the area of the
2 x
x 5x x2 49 x7 cross section of the flywheel outside the crankshaft. (r1 r2)(r1 r2)
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Pre-Activity How does factoring apply to geometry? Using Patterns to Factor
Read the introduction to Lesson 5-4 at the top of page 239 in your textbook. Study the patterns below for factoring the sum and the difference of cubes.
If a trinomial that represents the area of a rectangle is factored into two a3 b3 (a b)(a2 ab b2)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
binomials, what might the two binomials represent? the length and
a3 b3 (a b)(a2 ab b2)
width of the rectangle
This pattern can be extended to other odd powers. Study these examples.

Reading the Lesson
Extend the first pattern to obtain a5 b5 (a b)(a4 a3b a2b2 ab3 b4).
1. Name three types of binomials that it is always possible to factor. difference of two
squares, sum of two cubes, difference of two cubes Check: (a b)(a4 a3b a2b2 ab3 b4) a5 a4b a3b2 a2b3 ab4
a5 b5
2. Name a type of trinomial that it is always possible to factor. perfect square
trinomial Example 2 Factor a5 b5.
Extend the second pattern to obtain a5 b5 (a b)(a4 a3b a2b2 ab3 b4).
3. Complete: Since x2 y2 cannot be factored, it is an example of a prime Check: (a b)(a4 a3b a2b2 ab3 b4) a5 a4b a3b2 a2b3 ab4
polynomial. a4b a3b2 a2b3 ab4 b5
Answers
4. On an algebra quiz, Marlene needed to factor 2x2 4x 70. She wrote the following a5 b5
answer: (x 5)(2x 14). When she got her quiz back, Marlene found that she did not
A13
get full credit for her answer. She thought she should have gotten full credit because she In general, if n is an odd integer, when you factor an bn or an bn, one factor will be
checked her work by multiplication and showed that (x 5)(2x 14) 2x2 4x 70. either (a b) or (a b), depending on the sign of the original expression. The other factor
will have the following properties:
a. If you were Marlene’s teacher, how would you explain to her that her answer was not
entirely correct? Sample answer: When you are asked to factor a • The first term will be an 1 and the last term will be bn 1.
polynomial, you must factor it completely. The factorization was not • The exponents of a will decrease by 1 as you go from left to right.
complete, because 2x 14 can be factored further as 2(x 7). • The exponents of b will increase by 1 as you go from left to right.
• The degree of each term will be n 1.
(Lesson 5-4)
• If the original expression was an bn, the terms will alternately have and signs.
b. What advice could Marlene’s teacher give her to avoid making the same kind of error • If the original expression was an bn, the terms will all have signs.
in factoring in the future? Sample answer: Always look for a common
factor first. If there is a common factor, factor it out first, and then see Use the patterns above to factor each expression.
if you can factor further.
1. a7 b7 (a b)(a 6 a 5b a 4b 2 a 3b 3 a 2b4 ab 5 b6)
2. c9 d 9 (c d)(c 8 c 7d c 6d 2 c 5d 3 c4d 4 c 3d 5 c 2d 6 cd 7 d 8)
Lesson 5-4
Helping You Remember 3. e11 f 11

5. Some students have trouble remembering the correct signs in the formulas for the sum (e f )(e10 e 9f e 8f 2 e 7f 3 e 6f 4 e 5f 5 e 4f 6 e 3f 7 e 2f 8 ef 9 f 10)
and difference of two cubes. What is an easy way to remember the correct signs? To factor x10 y10, change it to (x 5 y 5)(x 5 y 5) and factor each binomial. Use
Sample answer: In the binomial factor, the operation sign is the same as this approach to factor each expression.
in the expression that is being factored. In the trinomial factor, the
operation sign before the middle term is the opposite of the sign in the 4. x10 y10
expression that is being factored. The sign before the last term is always (x y)(x 4 x 3y x2y 2 xy 3 y 4)(x y)(x 4 x 3y x 2y 2 xy 3 y 4)
a plus. 5. a14 b14 (a b)(a6 a 5b a 4b 2 a 3b 3 a 2b 4 ab 5 b6)(a b)
(a 6 a5b a4b2 a3b3 a2b4 ab5 b 6)
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Answers
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Roots of Real Numbers Roots of Real Numbers

Simplify Radicals Approximate Radicals with a Calculator
Square Root For any real numbers a and b, if a 2 b, then a is a square root of b. Irrational Number a number that cannot be expressed as a terminating or a repeating decimal
For any real numbers a and b, and any positive integer n, if a n b, then a is an nth
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
nth Root Radicals such as 2 and 3 are examples of irrational numbers. Decimal approximations
root of b.
for irrational numbers are often used in applications. These approximations can be easily
1. If n is even and b 0, then b has one positive root and one negative root. found with a calculator.
Real nth Roots of b, 2. If n is odd and b 0, then b has one positive root.
n n
b
, b
3. If n is even and b 0, then b has no real roots.
5
4. If n is odd and b 0, then b has one negative root. Example Approximate 18.2
with a calculator.
5
18.2
1.787
Example 1 Example 2 3
49z8.
Simplify Simplify 1)6
(2a
3 3 Exercises
(7z4)2 7z4
49z8
(2a
1)6 1)2]3 (2a 1)2
[(2a
z4 must be positive, so there is no need to
take the absolute value. Use a calculator to approximate each value to three decimal places.
3
1. 62
2. 1050
3. 0.054

Exercises
7.874 32.404 0.378
Simplify.
4
3
4. 5.45
5. 5280
6. 18,60
0
Answers
1. 81
2. 343
144p6
3.
1.528 72.664 136.382
A14
9 7 12| p 3 |
3 5
5 3 7. 0.095
8. 15
9. 100

4a10
4. 5.
243p10 m6n9
6.
0.308 2.466 2.512
2a 5 3p 2 m 2n 3
3 6
b12
7. 8. b8
16a10 121x6
9. 10. 856
11. 3200
12. 0.05

b4 4| a 5| b4 11| x 3 | 3.081 56.569 0.224
(Lesson 5-5)
3 4
(4k)4
10. 169r4
11. 12. 27p
6 13. 12,50
0 14. 0.60
15. 500

16k 2 13r 2 3p 2 111.803 0.775 4.729
13. z4
625y2 36q34
14. 15. y4z6
100x2 3 6
16. 0.15
17. 4200
18. 75

25| y | z 2 6 | q17| 10| x | y 2 | z 3| 0.531 4.017 8.660
3
16. 0.02
7 17. 0.36
18. 0.64p
10
19. LAW ENFORCEMENT The formula r 25L is used by police to estimate the speed r
0.3 not a real number 0.8 | p 5| in miles per hour of a car if the length L of the car’s skid mark is measures in feet.
4 3 Estimate to the nearest tenth of a mile per hour the speed of a car that leaves a skid
(2x)8
19. 20.
(11y2)4 21.
(5a2b)6 mark 300 feet long. 77.5 mi/h
4x 2 121y 4 25a 4b 2
3 20. SPACE TRAVEL The distance to the horizon d miles from a satellite orbiting h miles
22. 1)2
(3x 23. 5)6
(m 24.
36x2 1
12x above Earth can be approximated by d 8000h h2. What is the distance to the
Lesson 5-5
| 3x 1| (m 5)2 | 6x 1| horizon if a satellite is orbiting 150 miles above Earth? about 1100 ft
Glencoe Algebra 2
©
Roots of Real Numbers Roots of Real Numbers

Use a calculator to approximate each value to three decimal places. Use a calculator to approximate each value to three decimal places.
3 3
1. 230
15.166 2. 38
6.164 1. 7.8
2. 89
3. 25
4. 4

2.793 9.434 2.924 1.587
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
4 5 6 4
3. 152
12.329 4. 5.6
2.366 5. 1.1
6. 0.1
7. 5555
8. (0.94)
2
1.024 0.631 4.208 0.970
3 3
5. 88
4.448 6. 222
6.055 Simplify.
4 6
9. 0.81
10. 324
11. 256
12. 64

4 5
7. 0.34
0.764 8. 500
3.466 0.9 18 4 2
3 3 5 4
13. 64
14. 0.512
15. 243
16. 1296

Simplify. 4 0.8 3 6
5 1024 5
17. 18.
243x10 19. (14a)2
20. (14a
)2 not a
9. 81
9 10. 144
12 243
4 real number
3x 2 14| a|
3
16m2 3
(5)2 5
11. 52 not a real number
12. 21.
49m2t8 22. 23. w15
64r6 (2x)8
24.
25
Answers

4| m |
7| m | t4 4r 2w 5 16x 4
A15
4 5
13. 0.36
0.6 14.
9 4 3 3
23 625s8
25. 26. q9
216p3 27. y6
676x4 28. y12
27x9
3 3 5s 2 6pq 3 26x 2 y3
| | 3x 3y 4
15. 8
2 16. 27
3
5 6 3
29. 144m
8 n6 30. y10
32x5 31. 4)6
(m 32. 1)3
(2x
3 5 12m 4 | n 3| 2xy 2 | m 4| 2x 1
17. 0.064
0.4 18. 32
2
(Lesson 5-5)
4 3
33. b16
49a10 34. )8
(x 5 343d6
35. 36. 0x 25
x2 1
4 7| a 5 | b8 (x 5)2 7d 2 | x 5|
19. 81
3 y2 | y |
20.
37. RADIANT TEMPERATURE Thermal sensors measure an object’s radiant temperature,
3 which is the amount of energy radiated by the object. The internal temperature of an
125s3 5s
21. 64x6 8| x 3|
22. 4
object is called its kinetic temperature. The formula Tr Tke relates an object’s radiant
temperature Tr to its kinetic temperature Tk. The variable e in the formula is a measure
3 of how well the object radiates energy. If an object’s kinetic temperature is 30°C and
23. 27a
6 3a 2 m8n4 m 4n 2
24. e 0.94, what is the object’s radiant temperature to the nearest tenth of a degree?
29.5 C
4
25.
100p4
q2 10p 2 |q | 26.
16w4v8 2| w | v2 38. HERO’S FORMULA Salvatore is buying fertilizer for his triangular garden. He knows
the lengths of all three sides, so he is using Hero’s formula to find the area. Hero’s
formula states that the area of a triangle is s(s
a)(s b)(s c), where a, b, and c are
(3c)4 9c 2
27. 28.
(a b
)2 | a b | the lengths of the sides of the triangle and s is half the perimeter of the triangle. If the
lengths of the sides of Salvatore’s garden are 15 feet, 17 feet, and 20 feet, what is the
Lesson 5-5
area of the garden? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. 124 ft2
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©

Pre-Activity How do square roots apply to oceanography? Approximating Square Roots
Read the introduction to Lesson 5-5 at the top of page 245 in your textbook. Consider the following expansion.
Suppose the length of a wave is 5 feet. Explain how you would estimate the 2 2ab b2
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
speed of the wave to the nearest tenth of a knot using a calculator. (Do not a2 2
(a 2ba) 2a 4a
actually calculate the speed.) Sample answer: Using a calculator, b2
find the positive square root of 5. Multiply this number by 1.34. a2 b 2
4a
Then round the answer to the nearest tenth. b2
Think what happens if a is very great in comparison to b. The term 2 is very
4a
small and can be disregarded in an approximation.
2
(a 2ba) a2 b
Reading the Lesson
b
a2 b
a
1. For each radical below, identify the radicand and the index. 2a
3 Suppose a number can be expressed as a2 b, a b. Then an approximate value

a. 23
radicand: 23 index: 3 b b
a2 b.
of the square root is a . You should also see that a
2a 2a
b. 15x2
radicand: 15x 2 index: 2
5 Example b
c. 343
radicand: 343 index: 5 a2 b
Use the formula and 622
a to approximate 101
2a
.
Answers
2. Complete the following table. (Do not actually find any of the indicated roots.) a. 101

100
1 1
102 b. 622

625
3 3
252
A16
Number of Positive Number of Negative Number of Positive Number of Negative Let a 10 and b 1. Let a 25 and b 3.
Number
Square Roots Square Roots Cube Roots Cube Roots 1 3
101
10 622
25
2(10) 2(25)
27 1 1 1 0 10.05 24.94
16 0 0 0 1
Use the formula to find an approximation for each square root to the
(Lesson 5-5)
3. State whether each of the following is true or false. nearest hundredth. Check your work with a calculator.
a. A negative number has no real fourth roots. true 1. 626

25.02 2. 99
9.95 3. 402
20.05
b. 121
represents both square roots of 121. true
4. 1604
40.05 5. 223
14.93 6. 80
8.94
c. When you take the fifth root of x5, you must take the absolute value of x to identify
the principal fifth root. false 7. 4890
69.93 8. 2505
50.05 9. 3575
59.79
Helping You Remember 10. 1,441

,100 1200.42 11. 290
17.03 12. 260
16.12
4. What is an easy way to remember that a negative number has no real square roots but
has one real cube root? Sample answer: The square of a positive or negative b 2 b2
number is positive, so there is no real number whose square is negative. a2 b for a b.
13. Show that a a 2 b 2 ;
2a a 2ba 4a
However, the cube of a negative number is negative, so a negative b2 b 2 b
number has one real cube root, which is a negative number. disregard 2 ; a a 2 b; a a2 b

Lesson 5-5
4a 2a 2a
Glencoe Algebra 2
©
Radical Expressions Radical Expressions

Simplify Radical Expressions Operations with Radicals When you add expressions containing radicals, you can
add only like terms or like radical expressions. Two radical expressions are called like
For any real numbers a and b, and any integer n 1: radical expressions if both the indices and the radicands are alike.
n n n
Product Property of Radicals 1. if n is even and a and b are both nonnegative, then ab
a b. To multiply radicals, use the Product and Quotient Properties. For products of the form
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
n n n
2. if n is odd, then ab
a b. (ab cd ) (ef gh), use the FOIL method. To rationalize denominators, use
Lesson 5-6
To simplify a square root, follow these steps: conjugates. Numbers of the form ab cd
and ab cd, where a, b, c, and d are
rational numbers, are called conjugates. The product of conjugates is always a rational
1. Factor the radicand into as many squares as possible. number.
2. Use the Product Property to isolate the perfect squares.
3. Simplify each radical. Example 1 Simplify 250
4500
6125
.
For any real numbers a and b 0, and any integer n 1, 250
4500
6125
2 52 2 4102 5 652 5 Factor using squares.
Quotient Property of Radicals n
n
n
ab ab , if all roots are defined. 2 5 2 4 10 5
6 5 5
Simplify square roots.
10 2 405 305 Multiply.
To eliminate radicals from a denominator or fractions from a radicand, multiply the 10 2 10 5 Combine like radicals.
numerator and denominator by a quantity so that the radicand has an exact root.
Example 2 Example 3 2 5

Simplify (2
3 4
2 )( 2 ).
3 2 Simplify .
3 5

3 8x3 (23 42 )(3 22 )
Example 1 Simplify 16a
5 b7 . Example 2 Simplify . 5 2 5
2 5
3 5

45y
23 3 23 2
2 4
2
3 4 2
2 2
3 3 3 5
3 5
3 5

Answers
16a
5 b7
(2)3
2 a
3 a2 b
(b2) 3 8x3 8x3
6 46 46 16
3 Quotient Property 6 25
35
(5
)2
2 2b 45y5
2ab 2a 45y5 10 2 2
3 (5
)
A17
(2x)
2 2x 6 55
5
Factor into squares.
(3y2)2 5y 95
(2x)
2 2x 11 55

Product Property
(3y
2)2 5y 4
2| x|2x

Simplify. Exercises
(Lesson 5-6)
3y25y
2| x|2x
5y Simplify.
Rationalize the
3y2 5y 5y
denominator.
2| x|10xy
1. 32
50
48
2. 20
125
45
3. 300
27
75

3 Simplify.
15y
0 45
23

3 3 3 3 3
4. 81
24
5. 2 (
4
12
) 6. 23
(15
60
)
Exercises 3 3
69
2 23
185

Simplify.
4 4 7. (2 37
)(4 7
) 8. (63
42
)(33
2
) 9. (42
35 20 5
)(2 )
1. 554
156
32a9b20
2. 2a 2|b 5| 2a
3.
75x4y7 5x 2y 3 5y

3
29 147
46 66
402
305

36 65 a6b3 |a 3 |b2b
3 p5q3 pq 5p 2
4. 5. 6. 548
75
4 2
5 33
133
23
125
25
98 14
40 10 10. 5 11. 5 32
12.
53
2 2
1 23
11
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©
Radical Expressions Radical Expressions

Simplify. Simplify.
3 3 3 3
1. 24
26
2. 75
53
1. 540
615
2. 432
62
3. 128
42

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
4 4 3 3 5 5
Lesson 5-6
3 3 4 4 4. 405
35
5. 500
0 10 5
6. 121
5 35

3. 16
22
4. 48
2 3

3 3 4 4 3 3
7. w2
125t6w2 5t 2 48v8z13
8. 2v 2z 33z
9. k2
8g3k8 2gk 2
4 4
5. 4
50x5 20x 22x
6.
64a4b4 2| ab | 4

11 216 3
11
3
10.
45x3y8 3xy 45x
11. 12.
9
3 24
9
1 3 25 4
3 2 2 2
7. d f
d 2f 5 8. s2t 1 2 3 9a5
3a a 4 8
72a

8
12 f 36
56 |s |t 13. c4d 7 14. 15.
128
161 c d 2d 64b4
8b 2 9a3
3a

3
3 21
3 2
6
16. (315
)(445
) 17. (224
)(718
) 18. 810
240
250

9. 10.
7
7 3
9
1803
1683
410
415

2g3
g 10gz

Answers
11. 12. (33

)(53
) 45 19. 620
85
545
20. 848
675
780
21. (32
23
)2
5z
5z
A18
55
23
285
30 126

13. (412
)(320
) 4815
14. 2
8
50
82
22. (3 7
)2 23. (5
6
)(5
2
) 24. (2
10
)(2
10
)
16 67
5 10
30
23
8
15. 12
23
108
63
16. 85
45
80
5

(Lesson 5-6)
25. (1 6
)(5 7
) 26. (3
47
)2 27. (108
63
)2
5 7
56
42
115 821
0
17. 248
75
12
3
18. (2 3
)(6 2
) 12 22
63
6

3 6 5 3

17 3

28. 15
23
29. 62
6 30.
5
2 2
1 4 3
13
19. (1 5
)(1 5
) 4 20. (3 7
)(5 2
) 15 32
57
14
2 8 52
3 3 6
3 x
6 5x
x
31. 32. 27 116
33.
2 2
2 5 24
2 x
4x
2 3 21 32
34. BRAKING The formula s 25 estimates the speed s in miles per hour of a car when
21. (2
6
) 8 43
22.
7 2
47 it leaves skid marks feet long. Use the formula to write a simplified expression for s if
85. Then evaluate s to the nearest mile per hour. 1017 ; 41 mi/h
4 12 42
5 40 56
35. PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM The measures of the legs of a right triangle can be
23. 24.
3 2
7 8 6
58 represented by the expressions 6x2y and 9x2y. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find a
simplified expression for the measure of the hypotenuse. 3x 2 | y | 13

Glencoe Algebra 2
©

Radical Expressions
Pre-Activity How do radical expressions apply to falling objects? Special Products with Radicals
Read the introduction to Lesson 5-6 at the top of page 250 in your textbook. 2
Notice that (3
)(3
) 3, or (3
) 3.
Describe how you could use the formula given in your textbook and a 2
In general, (x
) x when x 0.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
calculator to find the time, to the nearest tenth of a second, that it would
Lesson 5-6
take for the water balloons to drop 22 feet. (Do not actually calculate the Also, notice that (9
)(4
) 36
.
time.) Sample answer: Multiply 22 by 2 (giving 44) and divide
In general, (x
)(y ) xy
when x and y are not negative.
by 32. Use the calculator to find the square root of the result.
Round this square root to the nearest tenth. You can use these ideas to find the special products below.
(a b )(a b ) (a)2 (b )2 a b
Reading the Lesson (a b )2 (a )2 2ab
(b )2 a 2abb
2 2
1. Complete the conditions that must be met for a radical expression to be in simplified form. (a b ) (a ) 2ab (b )2 a 2abb
• The index n is as small as possible.
Example 1 Find the product: (2 5 )(2
5
).
• The radicand contains no factors (other than 1) that are nth
(2 5 )(2 5 ) (2)2 (5 )2 2 5 3
powers of a(n) integer or polynomial.
Example 2 2
• The radicand contains no fractions . Evaluate (2
8
) .
2 2 2
• No radicals appear in the denominator . (2 8) (2
) 22
8
(8
)
Answers
2 216
8 2 2(4) 8 2 8 8 18
A19
2. a. What are conjugates of radical expressions used for? to rationalize binomial
denominators Multiply.
1 2

b. How would you use a conjugate to simplify the radical expression ? 1. (3
7
)(3
7
) 4 2. (10
2
)(10
2
) 8
3 2

Multiply numerator and denominator by 3 2
. 2
3. (2x
6
)(2x
6
) 2x 6 4. (3
27) 12
c. In order to simplify the radical expression in part b, two multiplications are
2
5. (1000
10
) 1210 6. (y 5
)(y 5
) y 5
(Lesson 5-6)
necessary. The multiplication in the numerator would be done by the FOIL

method, and the multiplication in the denominator would be done by finding the 2 2
7. (50
x ) 50 102x
x 8. (x 20) x 45x
20
difference of two squares .
You can extend these ideas to patterns for sums and differences of cubes.
Helping You Remember Study the pattern below.
3 3 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3
3. One way to remember something is to explain it to another person. When rationalizing the ( 8 8 8x
x )(
x ) x 8x
8
1
denominator in the expression
3 , many students think they should multiply numerator
2
Multiply.
3
2
3 3 3 3 3
and denominator by . How would you explain to a classmate why this is incorrect 9. (2
5 22 10
)(
52 ) 3
3
2

3 3 3 3 3
and what he should do instead. Sample answer: Because you are working with 10. (y
w y2 yw
)(
w2 ) y w
cube roots, not square roots, you need to make the radicand in the
3 3 3 3 3
denominator a perfect cube, not a perfect square. Multiply numerator and 1 1. (7
20 72 140
)( 202 ) 27

3
4 3
denominator by 3 3 3 3 3
3 to make the denominator 8, which equals 2. 12. (11
8 112 88
)( 82) 3

4
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©
Rational Exponents Rational Exponents

Rational Exponents and Radicals Simplify Expressions All the properties of powers from Lesson 5-1 apply to rational
exponents. When you simplify expressions with rational exponents, leave the exponent in
1 For any real number b and any positive integer n, rational form, and write the expression with all positive exponents. Any exponents in the

Definition of b n 1
n denominator must be positive integers
b n b
, except when b 0 and n is even.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
m For any nonzero real number b, and any integers m and n, with n 1, When you simplify radical expressions, you may use rational exponents to simplify, but your

Definition of b n m answer should be in radical form. Use the smallest index possible.
n n m
bm (b
b n ) , except when b 0 and n is even.
2 3
Example 1 Example 2 4
1 1 Simplify y 3
y 8 . 144x6.
Simplify
8
Example 1 2
Write 28 in radical form. Example 2 2 3 2 3 25 1
Evaluate 3 . 4
3 8 3 8 24 4
125 y y y y 144x6 (144x6)

Notice that 28 0. 1
Notice that 8 0, 125 0, and 3 is odd.
1 (24 32 x6) 4

2 1 3 1 1 1
28 28
8 8
3 4 4
3
(24) (32) (x6) 4
125 125

Lesson 5-7
22 7
1 3 1

2 2 2
2 3 x 2x (3x) 2 2x3x

22 7

5
27
2
Exercises
5
Exercises 4 6 2 3 4 7

1. x 5 x 5 2. y 3 4 3. p 5 p 10
Answers
Write each expression in radical form. 1 3

1 1 3 x2 y2 p2

A20
1. 11 7 2. 15 3 3. 300 2
6 2 3 4 1 4
7 3 5 8
5
6 3
11
15
3003
4. m 5. x x3 6. s
23 2
1
x 24 s9
m3
Write each radical using rational exponents. 1
2 6 2 3
p x 2
7. 1 8. a 3 5 a 5 9. 1
(Lesson 5-7)
3 4
4. 47
3a5b2
5. 162p5
6. p3 x 3
1 1 5 2 1 5 5
2
2 3 3 3 4 4 x6
47 3 a b 3
2
p p3 a2
x
6 4 5
10. 128
11. 49
12. 288

1 5
2 2 1
5 22
7
29

7. 27 3 8. 9. (0.0004) 2
25

3 6
1 13. 32
316
14. 25
125
15. 16

9 0.02
10
6 3
482
255
4

1 1
2 3 2 2 3 3
144 16
3 2 x 3 3 ab4
10. 8 4 11. 1
12. 1
16. 48
17. 18. 3
3
27 (0.25) 2 12
ab
6 6
1 1 x 3 35
6 a
b5
32 48

4 2 6 b
Glencoe Algebra 2
©
Rational Exponents Rational Exponents

Write each expression in radical form. Write each expression in radical form.
1 1 5 1 2 4 2
6
1. 3 6 3
2. 8 5 8
1. 5 3 2. 6 5 3. m 7 4. (n3) 5
3 5 2 5 7 4 7 5
2 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
3 2 3 5 5
62 or (6
) m4 or (m
) n n

3. 12 3 122 or (12
) s4
4. (s3) 5 s

Write each radical using rational exponents. 4 3
1 1 5. 79
6. 153
7.
27m6n4 2a10b
8. 5
3
2 3 1 1 4 1 1
5. 51
51 6. 37
37
2 4
79 153 3m 2n 3 5
2 2 |a 5 | b 2
3 1 1 2
4 3
153 15 4
7. 6xy2 6 3 x 3 y 3
8.
Lesson 5-7
1 1 5
5 1 3 1
9. 81 4 3 10. 1024 11. 8
Evaluate each expression. 4 32
1 1

9. 32 5 2 10. 81 4 3 3 2 1 4
4 1 3 1
12. 256 13. (64) 14. 27 3 27 3 243
1
64 16
1 1 1
3
11. 27 12. 42 2
Answers
3 2 2 1

1
25 64 3 16 3 5
15. 3 17. 25 2 64
3 4 16.

125
216 36 2 49
4

A21
2 5
13. 16 64 14. (243) 81 343 3
1 5 3
8
2 Simplify each expression.
15. 27 3 27 3 729 16. 1
49 27 4
4 3 3 13 1 4 1
3 5 2 y2
18. g 7 g 7 g 19. s 4 s 4 s 4 20. u
u 15 21. y
y
Simplify each expression. 2 3 11 1
1 2 1
3

(Lesson 5-7)
12 3 2 16 5 b5 q5 5 t3 t 12 2z 2 2z 2z 2
22. b 23. 2 q 24. 25.
5 5 9 9 1 3 1
17. c c c3 18. m m m2 b 5
z1
2
4
q5 5t t 2
z 1
4
10 5 4 4 a
3 123 a3b

1 1
26.
85 22
27. 12
28. 6
36
29.
p5 10 3b
3b
19. q 2 3 q 2 20. p5
p 1212
36

5 2 5
6
11 x 11 30. ELECTRICITY The amount of current in amperes I that an appliance uses can be
21. x 1
x 3 x 12
22.
1
x
x 4 calculated using the formula I 2 , where P is the power in watts and R is the
RP
1 2 resistance in ohms. How much current does an appliance use if P 500 watts and
1 1

y 2 y4 n3 n3 R 10 ohms? Round your answer to the nearest tenth. 7.1 amps
23. 1 24.
1 1
y n
y4 n6 n2 1

31. BUSINESS A company that produces DVDs uses the formula C 88n 3 330 to
12 8 4 calculate the cost C in dollars of producing n DVDs per day. What is the company’s cost
25. 64
2
26.
49a8b2 | a | 7b
to produce 150 DVDs per day? Round your answer to the nearest dollar. $798
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©

Rational Exponents
Pre-Activity How do rational exponents apply to astronomy? Lesser-Known Geometric Formulas
Read the introduction to Lesson 5-7 at the top of page 257 in your textbook. Many geometric formulas involve radical expressions.
2
The formula in the introduction contains the exponent . What do you think
5
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
2 Make a drawing to illustrate each of the formulas given on this page.
it might mean to raise a number to the power?
5 Then evaluate the formula for the given value of the variable. Round
Sample answer: Take the fifth root of the number and square it. answers to the nearest hundredth.
1. The area of an isosceles triangle. Two 2. The area of an equilateral triangle with
sides have length a; the other side has a side of length a. Find A when a 8.
Reading the Lesson length c. Find A when a 6 and c 7. a2
A 3

1. Complete the following definitions of rational exponents. c 4
A c2
4a2 a a
1 n 4 A 27.71 a a

• For any real number b and for any positive integer n, b n b
except A 17.06
c
Lesson 5-7
when b 0 and n is even .
a
• For any nonzero real number b, and any integers m and n, with n 1 ,
m n n m

bn bm
( b
) , except when b 0 and 3. The area of a regular pentagon with a 4. The area of a regular hexagon with a
side of length a. Find A when a 4. side of length a. Find A when a 9.
n is even . a2 a a 3a2 a
A 105
25 A 3

4 2 a a
2. Complete the conditions that must be met in order for an expression with rational
Answers
A 27.53 A 210.44
exponents to be simplified. a a
a a
A22
negative a
• It has no exponents. a
• It has no fractional exponents in the denominator .

5. The volume of a regular tetrahedron 6. The area of the curved surface of a right
• It is not a complex fraction. with an edge of length a. Find V when cone with an altitude of h and radius of
a 2. base r. Find S when r 3 and h 6.
• The index of any remaining radical is the least a3
V 2
S r
r2 h2
12
(Lesson 5-7)
number possible. a a a
V 0.94 S 63.22 h
3. Margarita and Pierre were working together on their algebra homework. One exercise a
4 a

3
asked them to evaluate the expression 27 . Margarita thought that they should raise r
a
27 to the fourth power first and then take the cube root of the result. Pierre thought that
they should take the cube root of 27 first and then raise the result to the fourth power. 7. Heron’s Formula for the area of a 8. The radius of a circle inscribed in a given
Whose method is correct? Both methods are correct. triangle uses the semi-perimeter s, triangle also uses the semi-perimeter.
abc Find r when a 6, b 7, and c 9.
where s . The sides of the
2
s(s
a)(s c)
b)(s
triangle have lengths a, b, and c. Find A r
s
when a 3, b 4, and c 5.
4. Some students have trouble remembering which part of the fraction in a rational r 1.91 b
exponent gives the power and which part gives the root. How can your knowledge of A
s(s
a)(s c)
b)(s
integer exponents help you to keep this straight? Sample answer: An integer3 b
A6 r
exponent can be written as a rational exponent. For example, 23 2 1 . a
a c
You know that this means that 2 is raised to the third power, so the
numerator must give the power, and, therefore, the denominator must
c
give the root.
Glencoe Algebra 2
©
Radical Equations and Inequalities Radical Equations and Inequalities

Solve Radical Equations The following steps are used in solving equations that have Solve Radical Inequalities A radical inequality is an inequality that has a variable
variables in the radicand. Some algebraic procedures may be needed before you use these in a radicand. Use the following steps to solve radical inequalities.
steps.
Step 1 If the index of the root is even, identify the values of the variable for which the radicand is nonnegative.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Step 1 Isolate the radical on one side of the equation. Step 2 Solve the inequality algebraically.
Step 2 To eliminate the radical, raise each side of the equation to a power equal to the index of the radical. Step 3 Test values to check your solution.
Step 3 Solve the resulting equation.
Step 4 Check your solution in the original equation to make sure that you have not obtained any extraneous roots.
Example Solve 5 4 3.
20x
Since the radicand of a square root Now solve 5 4 3.
20x
Example 1 4x 8
Solve 2 4 8. Example 2 3x 1
Solve 5x
1. must be greater than or equal to
5
20x 4 3 Original inequality
zero, first solve
4x 8 4 8
2 Original equation 3x 1 5x 1 Original equation
20x 48 Isolate the radical.
20x 4 0.
24x 8 12 Add 4 to each side. 3x 1 5x 2 5x 1 Square each side. 20x 4 0 20x 4 64 Eliminate the radical by squaring each side.
4x 8 6 Isolate the radical. 25x
2x Simplify. 20x 4 20x 60 Subtract 4 from each side.
4x 8 36 Square each side. 5x
x Isolate the radical. 1 x3 Divide each side by 20.
x
5
4x 28 Subtract 8 from each side. 5x x2 Square each side.
1
x7 Divide each side by 4. x2 5x 0 Subtract 5x from each side. It appears that x 3 is the solution. Test some values.
5
Check x(x 5) 0 Factor.
2 848
4(7) x 0 or x 5 x 1 x0 x4
Check 20(1
) 4 is not a real 5 20(0)
4 3, so the 5 20(4)
4 4.2, so
Answers
236
48
Lesson 5-8
3(0) 1 1, but 5(0)
1 1, so 0 is number, so the inequality is inequality is satisfied. the inequality is not
2(6) 4 8 not satisfied. satisfied
A23
not a solution.
88
3(5) 1 4, and 5(5)
1 4, so the 1
The solution x 7 checks. solution is x 5. Therefore the solution x 3 checks.
5
Exercises Exercises
Solve each inequality.
(Lesson 5-8)
c247
1. 2x 1 6 15
2. 3 3. 925
10x
1. 3 2x3
5 3x 4 1 15
2. 2 x12
3. 8
1
3
15 no solution c 11 x5 x4
2
3
3
x28 2
4. 5 3x 4 3
5. 8 2x 8 4 2
6.
5x46
4. 2x 1 4
5. 12 12 x
6. 0
4
95 no solution 12 x6 x 7 x 14
3
20
6x 3 6
7. 9 8. 4 5x 6 1 5
9. 2
7. 21 5x 4 0
8. 10 2x
5 x2 7x
9. 7x 9
3x 1

1 6
5 12.5 no solution x 1 x 8 x3
2 5
3 2x 12
10. 4 12 2d 1
11. d
5 12. 4 b 2 10
b 3
2x 11
10. 4 2 10 11. 2
x 11 3x 6
x 2 9x 11
12. x1
8 14 3, 4 x 26 0d4 b 6
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©
Radical Equations and Inequalities Radical Equations and Inequalities

Solve each equation or inequality. Solve each equation or inequality.
1. x 5 25 2. x 3 7 16 1. x
8 64 2. 4 x 3 1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
49 1
1
3. 2p
3 10 4. 43h
20
1
2
2 12
3. 5j 1 4. v 1 0 no solution
25 1 1

5. c 2 6 9 9 6. 18 7h 2 12 no solution
1
3 3 5
5. 18 3y 2 25 no solution 6. 2w
4 32 d 2 7 341
7. w71 8
8.
3 4
q 4 9 31
9. 6 y 9 4 0 no solution
10.
b 5 4 21
7. 3n 1
8. 5 8
3 63
11. 6 16 0 131
2m 12.
4m
1 22
4
3
3r 6 3 11
9. 3p 7
10. 2 6 3 7 3
8n 5
13. 12 14.
1 4t 8 6
4 4
1
41
1 15.
2t 5 3 3 16. (7v 2) 4 12 7 no solution
5
Answers
k 4 1 5 40
11. 12. (2d 3) 3 2 2
Lesson 5-8
2
1 1

A24
17. (3g 1) 2 6 4 33 18. (6u 5) 3 2 3 20
1 1

13. (t 3) 3 2 11 14. 4 (1 7u) 3 0 9
2d 5
19. d1 4
20.
4r 6 r 2
7
21. 2x 10
6x 4 22. 2x 1 no solution
2x 5
15. z 4 no solution
3z 2 16. 2g 7
g 1 8 2
(Lesson 5-8)
23. 3a
12 a 16 24.
z 5 4 13 5 z 76
17. x 1 no solution
x 1 4 18. 5
s36 3s4 3
25. 8 2q
5 no solution 2a 3
26. 5 a 14
2
3
19. 2
3x 3 7 1 x 26 2a 4
20. 6 2 a 16 27. 9
c46 c 5 28.
x 1 2 x 7
29. STATISTICS Statisticians use the formula v to calculate a standard deviation ,

1 where v is the variance of a data set. Find the variance when the standard deviation
21. 2
4r 3 10 r 7 22. 4
3x 1 3 x 0
3 is 15. 225
30. GRAVITATION Helena drops a ball from 25 feet above a lake. The formula
3 1
23.
y 4 3 3 y 32 24. 3
11r
3 15 r 2 25 h
t describes the time t in seconds that the ball is h feet above the water.
11 4
How many feet above the water will the ball be after 1 second? 9 ft
Glencoe Algebra 2
©

Pre-Activity How do radical equations apply to manufacturing? Truth Tables
Read the introduction to Lesson 5-8 at the top of page 263 in your textbook. In mathematics, the basic operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication,
Explain how you would use the formula in your textbook to find the cost of division, finding a root, and raising to a power. In logic, the basic operations
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
producing 125,000 computer chips. (Describe the steps of the calculation in the are the following: not (
), and (), or (), and implies (→).
order in which you would perform them, but do not actually do the calculation.)
2 If P and Q are statements, then
P means not P;
Q means not Q; P Q
Sample answer: Raise 125,000 to the power by taking the means P and Q; P Q means P or Q; and P → Q means P implies Q. The
3
operations are defined by truth tables. On the left below is the truth table for
cube root of 125,000 and squaring the result (or raise 125,000 the statement
P. Notice that there are two possible conditions for P, true (T)
2 or false (F). If P is true,
P is false; if P is false,
P is true. Also shown are the
to the power by entering 125,000 ^ (2/3) on a calculator).
3 truth tables for P Q, P Q, and P → Q.
Multiply the number you get by 10 and then add 1500.
P
P P Q PQ P Q PQ P Q P→Q
Reading the Lesson T F T T T T T T T T T
F T T F F T F T T F F
1. a. What is an extraneous solution of a radical equation? Sample answer: a number F T F F T T F T T
that satisfies an equation obtained by raising both sides of the original F F F F F F F F T
equation to a higher power but does not satisfy the original equation
You can use this information to find out under what conditions a complex
statement is true.
b. Describe two ways you can check the proposed solutions of a radical equation in order
Answers
to determine whether any of them are extraneous solutions. Sample answer: One
Lesson 5-8
Example Under what conditions is P
Q true?
way is to check each proposed solution by substituting it into the
A25
original equation. Another way is to use a graphing calculator to graph
both sides of the original equation. See where the graphs intersect. Create the truth table for the statement. Use the information from the truth
This can help you identify solutions that may be extraneous. table above for P
Q to complete the last column.
P Q
P
P Q
2. Complete the steps that should be followed in order to solve a radical inequality.
T T F T When one statement is
Step 1 If the index of the root is even , identify the values of T F F F true and one is false,
(Lesson 5-8)
F T T T the conjunction is true.

the variable for which the radicand is nonnegative . F F T T
Step 2 Solve the inequality algebraically. The truth table indicates that
P Q is true in all cases except where P is true
values and Q is false.
Step 3 Test to check your solution.
Use truth tables to determine the conditions under which each statement is true.
1.
P
Q 2.
P → (P → Q)
3. One way to remember something is to explain it to another person. Suppose that your
friend Leora thinks that she does not need to check her solutions to radical equations by all except where both all
substitution because she knows she is very careful and seldom makes mistakes in her P and Q are true
work. How can you explain to her that she should nevertheless check every proposed 3. (P Q) (
P
Q) 4. (P → Q) (Q → P)
solution in the original equation? Sample answer: Squaring both sides of an all all
equation can produce an equation that is not equivalent to the original
one. For example, the only solution of x 5 is 5, but the squared 5. (P → Q) (Q → P) 6. (
P
Q) →
(P Q)
equation x2 25 has two solutions, 5 and 5.
both P and Q are true; all
both P and Q are false
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©
Complex Numbers Complex Numbers

Add and Subtract Complex Numbers Multiply and Divide Complex Numbers
A complex number is any number that can be written in the form a bi, Use the definition of i 2 and the FOIL method:
Multiplication of Complex Numbers
Complex Number where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit (i 2 1). (a bi)(c di) (ac bd ) (ad bc)i
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
a is called the real part, and b is called the imaginary part.
To divide by a complex number, first multiply the dividend and divisor by the complex
Addition and Combine like terms. conjugate of the divisor.
Subtraction of (a bi) (c di) (a c) (b d )i
Complex Numbers (a bi) (c di) (a c) (b d )i a bi and a bi are complex conjugates. The product of complex conjugates is
Complex Conjugate
always a real number.
Example 1 Simplify (6 i) (4 5i). Example 2 Simplify (8 3i) (6 2i).

Example 1 Simplify (2 5i)
(4 2i).
(6 i) (4 5i) (8 3i) (6 2i)
(6 4) (1 5)i (8 6) [3 (2)]i (2 5i) (4 2i)
10 4i 2 5i 2(4) 2(2i) (5i)(4) (5i)(2i) FOIL
8 4i 20i 10i 2 Multiply.
To solve a quadratic equation that does not have real solutions, you can use the fact that
8 24i 10(1) Simplify.
i2 1 to find complex solutions.
2 24i Standard form
Example 3 Solve 2x2 24 0. 3i

Example 2 Simplify .
2x2 24 0 Original equation 2 3i
3i 3i 2 3i
Answers
2x2 24 Subtract 24 from each side. Use the complex conjugate of the divisor.
2 3i 2 3i 2 3i
x2 12 Divide each side by 2.
A26
6 9i 2i 3i2
x 12 Take the square root of each side. Multiply.
4 9i2
x 3
2i 12
4
1
3
3 11i
i 2 1
13
Exercises 3 11
i Standard form
13 13
Simplify.
Lesson 5-9
(Lesson 5-9)
Exercises
1. (4 2i) (6 3i) 2. (5 i) (3 2i) 3. (6 3i) (4 2i)
2i 2i 10 5i Simplify.
4. (11 4i) (1 5i) 5. (8 4i) (8 4i) 6. (5 2i) (6 3i) 1. (2 i)(3 i) 7 i 2. (5 2i)(4 i) 18 13i 3. (4 2i)(1 2i) 10i
12 9i 16 11 5i
4. (4 6i)(2 3i) 26 5. (2 i)(5 i) 11 3i 6. (5 3i)(1 i) 8 2i
7. (12 5i) (4 3i) 8. (9 2i) (2 5i) 9. (15 12i) (11 13i)
8 8i 7 7i 26 25i 7. (1 i)(2 2i)(3 3i) 8. (4 i)(3 2i)(2 i) 9. (5 2i)(1 i)(3 i)
12 12i 31 12i 16 18i
10. i4 11. i6 12. i15 5 3 1 7 13i 13 7 6 5i 5
10. i 11. i 12. 2i
1 1 i 3i 2 2 2i 2 2 3i 3
4 2i 5 3i 1 3 4i 8 31
13. 1 i 14. 2i 15. i
Solve each equation. 3i 2 2i 2 4 5i 41 41
13. 5x2 45 0 14. 4x2 24 0 15. 9x2 9 3 i5

2 3i 5
4 i2 6
i3
3 2i 6

16. 17. 1 2i 2
18.
3i i 6
i 3 i5
7 7 i2 2
i 3 3
Glencoe Algebra 2
©
Complex Numbers Complex Numbers

Simplify. Simplify.
1. 36
6i 2. 196
14i 1. 49
7i 2. 612
12i 3
3. 121
s8 11s 4i
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
4. 36a
3b4 5. 8
32
6. 15
25

81x6 9 | x 3 | i
3. 4. 23
46
232
6| a| b2i a
16 515

7. (3i)(4i)(5i) 8. (7i)2(6i) 9. i 42
5. (3i)(2i)(5i) 30i 6. i 11 i 60i 294i 1
10. i 55 11. i 89 12. (5 2i) (13 8i)

7. i 65 i 8. (7 8i) (12 4i) 5 12i i i 8 10i
13. (7 6i) (9 11i) 14. (12 48i) (15 21i) 15. (10 15i) (48 30i)
9. (3 5i) (18 7i) 15 2i 10. (10 4i) (7 3i) 3 7i 16 5i 3 69i 38 45i
16. (28 4i) (10 30i) 17. (6 4i)(6 4i) 18. (8 11i)(8 11i)
11. (2 i)(2 3i) 1 8i 12. (2 i)(3 5i) 11 7i 18 26i 52 57 176i
6 5i 5 6i
19. (4 3i)(2 5i) 20. (7 2i)(9 6i) 21. 2
2i
Answers
13. (7 6i)(2 3i) 4 33i 14. (3 4i)(3 4i) 25 23 14i 75 24i
A27
2 14 16i 3i 7i 2 4i
22. 113 23. 5 24. 1 i
3 6i 7 8i 2i 1 3i
8 6i 6 8i 3i
15. 3 16. 10
3i 4 2i

25. 5n2 35 0 i 7
26. 2m2 10 0 i 5

Lesson 5-9
(Lesson 5-9)
17. 3x2 3 0 i 18. 5x2 125 0 5i

27. 4m2 76 0 i 19
28. 2m2 6 0 i 3

3
29. 5m2 65 0 i 13
30. x2 12 0 4i
19. 4x2 20 0 i 5
20. x2 16 0 4i 4

21. x2 18 0 3i 2
22. 8x2 96 0 2i 3

31. 15 28i 3m 4ni 5, 7 32. (6 m) 3ni 12 27i 18, 9
33. (3m 4) (3 n)i 16 3i 4, 6 34. (7 n) (4m 10)i 3 6i 1, 4

23. 20 12i 5m 4ni 4, 3 24. m 16i 3 2ni 3, 8 35. ELECTRICITY The impedance in one part of a series circuit is 1 3j ohms and the
impedance in another part of the circuit is 7 5j ohms. Add these complex numbers to
find the total impedance in the circuit. 8 2j ohms
25. (4 m) 2ni 9 14i 5, 7 26. (3 n) (7m 14)i 1 7i 3, 2
36. ELECTRICITY Using the formula E IZ, find the voltage E in a circuit when the
current I is 3 j amps and the impedance Z is 3 2j ohms. 11 3j volts
Glencoe Algebra 2
Answers
©

Complex Numbers
Pre-Activity How do complex numbers apply to polynomial equations? Conjugates and Absolute Value
Read the introduction to Lesson 5-9 at the top of page 270 in your textbook. When studying complex numbers, it is often convenient to represent a complex
Suppose the number i is defined such that i 2 1. Complete each equation. number by a single variable. For example, we might let z x yi. We denote
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
the conjugate of z by z. Thus, z x yi.
2i 2 2 (2i)2 4 i4 1
We can define the absolute value of a complex number as follows.
Reading the Lesson z x yi

x2 y2
1. Complete each statement. There are many important relationships involving conjugates and absolute
values of complex numbers.
a. The form a bi is called the standard form of a complex number.
b. In the complex number 4 5i, the real part is 4 and the imaginary part is 5 . Example 1 Show z 2 zz
for any complex number z.
This is an example of a complex number that is also a(n) imaginary number.
Let z x yi. Then,
c. In the complex number 3, the real part is 3 and the imaginary part is 0 . z (x yi)(x yi)
real x2 y2
This is example of complex number that is also a(n) number.
(x2 y2 )2
d. In the complex number 7i, the real part is 0 and the imaginary part is 7 .
z 2
This is an example of a complex number that is also a(n) pure imaginary number.
Answers
Example 2 z
2. Give the complex conjugate of each number. is the multiplicative inverse for any nonzero
A28
Show 2 z
a. 3 7i 3 7i complex number z.
z
b. 2 i 2i We know z 2 zz. If z 0, then we have z 1.
z 2

z
is the multiplicative inverse of z.
3. Why are complex conjugates used in dividing complex numbers? The product of Thus, 2 z
complex conjugates is always a real number.
Lesson 5-9
(Lesson 5-9)
For each of the following complex numbers, find the absolute value and
multiplicative inverse.
4. Explain how you would use complex conjugates to find (3 7i)
(2 i). Write the i 4 3i 12 5i
division in fraction form. Then multiply numerator and denominator by 1. 2i 2; 2. 4 3i 5; 3. 12 5i 13;
2 25 169
2 i.
5 12i 1i 3
i
Helping You Remember 4. 5 12i 13; 5. 1 i 2 6. 3
i 2;
169
; 2
4
1 3

5. How can you use what you know about simplifying an expression such as to
2 5

help you remember how to simplify fractions with imaginary numbers in the
denominator? Sample answer: In both cases, you can multiply the 3
3
2
2
1 3

7.
3

3
i 8.
2

2
i 9.
2
i
numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator. 2
6 3
i 3
2 2
i 1 3
i
; 1; 1;
3 2 2 2 2 3
Glencoe Algebra 2
Chapter 5 Assessment Answer Key
Form 1 Form 2A
Page 293 Page 294 Page 295
1. D 10. A 1. A
11. D
2. A 2. D
12. B
13. A
3. B
3. B
14. D
4. C 4. D
15. C
5. D
5. C
16. B
6. B
17. B 6. A
18. D
7. D 19. C
7. C
8. C
20. A
8. B
Answers
B: 12
9. A
(continued on the next page)

Form 2A (continued) Form 2B
9. A 1. A 9. B
10. A 10. D
2. C
11. D C
11.
12. C
12. A
3. C
13. B
13. D
4. D
14. D
14. A
15. C 5. C
15. C
16. A B
6. B
16.
17. B
17. D
18. D
7. C 18. C
19. C
19. A
20. A
8. A 20. D
B: 9 (z 3)(z 3)
B:
(x 2y)(x 2y)

Form 2C
Page 299 Page 300
75r 4 x6
2
t 17. x4
1.
a 2c6

2. 9b6
18. 47.693 in.
3. 3c 2 14c 12
4. 14p 2 3p 12 3

19. 2m 5
5. 6x 2 7x 20
1
6
2 20. x 6 or x

6. 7
21. 21
7. 7 x 3 y 2
3 22. y7
8. 2a 2b3b 2
23. about 2.67 10
4
9. 53
182 people per mi2
10. 14 6

22 19i
11.
24. 6 12j ohms
12. 15 16i
13. 2.8 106
37 22
j amps
25. 17 17
5y 2 12y 21 73

14. 2y 3
10
x 2 x 20
15. x3
Answers
6

16. (2x 3y)(z 4) B: 5

Form 2D
Page 301 Page 302
x4
40d 2

c 17. x5
1.
bc 8

2. 4a 4
18. 40.406 in.
3. 7f 2 2f 3
4. 6g 3g 7g 8
3 2 2

19. 5x 3
5. 10m 2 7m 6
1
10
3 20. x 10 or x

6. 5
21. 8
7. 2 x y 2
3
22. t1
8. 4a 2b 2b

23. 6.8 10
3
9. 35
72
people per km2
10. 5 23

11. 4 8i
24. 9 6j ohms
12 11 27i
13. 1.5 103
4x 2 3x 3 7 23 27
14. 2x 1 j ohms
25. 17 17
16
x 2 6x 3
15. x2
16. (4x y)(5x 2) 4

B: 5

Form 3
Page 303 Page 304
15. 2(9w n )
1 2 2

1. 16a 6 (3w n)(3w n)
16. (x 2y )
2 2
5y 2 (x 4 2x 2y 2 4y 4)

2. x
17. m5
12p 2 5pr
16 2
r 18. 5.760 m
3. 3 5
4. m 4nm 4n
2 2
5. 2x 5 19. 2x 2y x

6. 3x 2y 20. 5 33

3
7. xy 2x
2y
565
21.
8. 95
415 22. 2 x
2
45
1 i
x
3 23. 9 9
9.
i 105

5 14i 24. 3
10.
4 6i 25. $4.85 103

11.
12. 1.3 103
22x2
x 2 3x 9
13.
2 x 3x 1
Answers
54 22
14. 2x 2 x 1 j ohms
B: 17 17

Page 305, Open-Ended Assessment
Scoring Rubric
Score General Description Specific Criteria
4 Superior • Shows thorough understanding of the concepts of

A correct solution that operations with polynomials; operations with radical
is supported by well- expressions; and solving equations and inequalities
developed, accurate containing radicals.
explanations • Uses appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are correct.
• Written explanations are exemplary.
• Diagrams are accurate and appropriate.
• Goes beyond requirements of some or all problems.
3 Satisfactory • Shows an understanding of the concepts of operations

A generally correct solution, with polynomials; operations with radical expressions; and
but may contain minor flaws solving equations and inequalities containing radicals.
in reasoning or computation • Uses appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are mostly correct.
• Written explanations are effective.
• Diagrams are mostly accurate and appropriate.
• Satisfies all requirements of problems.
2 Nearly Satisfactory • Shows an understanding of most of the concepts of

A partially correct operations with polynomials; operations with radical
interpretation and/or expressions; and solving equations and inequalities
solution to the problem containing radicals.
• May not use appropriate strategies to solve problems.
• Computations are mostly correct.
• Written explanations are satisfactory.
• Diagrams are mostly accurate.
• Satisfies the requirements of most of the problems.
1 Nearly Unsatisfactory • Final computation is correct.

A correct solution with no • No written explanations or work is shown to substantiate
supporting evidence or the final computation.
explanation • Diagrams may be accurate but lack detail or explanation.
• Satisfies minimal requirements of some of the problems.
0 Unsatisfactory • Shows little or no understanding of most of the concepts

An incorrect solution of solving systems of operations with polynomials;
indicating no mathematical operations with radical expressions; and solving equations
understanding of the and inequalities containing radicals.
concept or task, or no • Does not use appropriate strategies to solve problems.
solution is given • Computations are incorrect.
• Written explanations are unsatisfactory.
• Diagrams are inaccurate or inappropriate.
• Does not satisfy requirements of problems.
• No answer may be given.

Page 305, Open-Ended Assessment
Sample Answers
In addition to the scoring rubric found on page A34, the following sample answers
may be used as guidance in evaluating open-ended assessment items.
1a. Student responses should indicate that 2a. The length and width are 2x 1 and
the monthly profit for each company x 1 units.
depends on the number of sleds sold; 2b. The perimeter can be found using the
one company may have a greater profit formula p 2(l w). Substituting
for a given number of sleds, but the 2x 1 for length and x 1 for width,
other company may have the greater p 2(2x 1 x 1)
profit for a different number of sleds. p 2(3x 2) 6x 4
1b. Student responses may vary but must 2c. For a choice of 3, the length is 7 units,
be between 2 and 50. For a response of the width is 4 units, the perimeter is
x 10 sleds, the A-Glide Company 22 units, and the area is 28 units2. The
would earn a profit of 3(10)
19 7 value of x must be chosen so that the
hundred dollars, or $700, while length, width, perimeter, and area are
SnowFun would earn a profit of all positive. The expressions 2x 1,
3 2(10)
7.47 hundred dollars, or x 1, 6x 14, and 2x2 3x 1 will all
$747. be positive only if x 1.
2
1c. Students should indicate that Mark’s
decision to work for A-Glide means that 2d. 2x2 3x 1 (2x 1)(x 1)
A-Glide has the greater monthly profit 2e. Students should indicate that the
for the number of sleds sold by each factors of the polynomial in part a are
company, so the same as the dimensions of the
3x
9 1 3 2x. The solution of rectangle in part d.
this inequality is {xx 2 or x 50} 2f. Student polynomials and tile models
which means that A-Glide’s profits are will vary. Sample answer:
greater than SnowFun’s profits during a
2 2 2
month that one sled or more than 50 x x x x
sleds are sold.
x x x 1
3x2 4x 1 (3x 1)(x 1)

Explanations should demonstrate an
understanding that the length and
width of the rectangle are the same as
the factors of the polynomial.
Answers

Vocabulary Test/Review Quiz (Lessons 5–1 through 5–3) Quiz (Lessons 5–6 and 5–7)
1. binomial 24n7 1
0x

y3 1. 2x
2. complex number 1.
8x 2y 2 2. 3m 2 n 3 2m

2.
3. Scientific notation
3. 392
143
3. 6.8 107
4. extraneous solution 12 235

4.
4. 1.52 104
5. radical inequalities 5. 11 115

7 36

6. conjugates
6. 5
5. 9p q 8 8
7. terms 7.
x 5 or (x)5
6. 3x 3 3

8. constant 8. 2z 5
7. 8x 2 18x 35
9. power 1

9. 64
10. rationalizing the
denominator 10. 6t 2
11. Sample answer: A

square root of a 8. A
number b is a
number whose
m 3 6
square is b. 9. m4
Quiz (Lessons 5–8 and 5–9)
12. Sample answer: A 10. a 2 3a 1
Page 308
pure imaginary
number is a
complex number 1. no solution
whose real part is 0.
1
2. 2
Quiz (Lessons 5–4 and 5–5)
1
Page 307 x 1
3. 5
4. x2
1. 2(c 7)(c 7)
5. 2i 5

2. 3(2a 3)(a 2)
x3 6. 4i 5

3. x4 62

7.
8. 11 3i
4. 3w 3y 2 68 4i
9.
5. 3.826 1 1
i
10. 2 2

Mid-Chapter Test Cumulative Review
Page 309 Page 310
1. C 1. (n 3)2
A 2. a2 7a 10
2.
3.
3. B
4. (3, –2)
4. D
5.
s0
5. C t0
3s 4t 500
6. D
7. B
6.
2x 2 3x 1
8.
x2 5x 1 2 7.
25
29
9. x7
4.116
10.
8.
34 5
22 m

n

16
9
11. 1.25 109 s
9. 1.5 1011
12. 1.12 104
3x2 x 1 1
13. (a 5)(x 2)(x 2) 10. 2x 1
11. 7 x y2
Answers
14. 5x 10x 2x 3
3 2
12. 51/2z3/2
5
14
i
13. 17 17

Standardized Test Practice
Page 311 Page 312
1. A B C D 11. 12.
2 / 3 5 1 2
/ / / /
. . . . . . . .
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2. E F G H
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
3. A B C D 13. 14.
5 / 6 4 1 5 0
/ / / /
. . . . . . . .
0 0 0 0 0 0
4. E F G H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
5. A B C D 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
6. E F G H
7. A B C D
8. E F G H
15. A B C D
9. A B C D
16. A B C D
10. E F G H
17. A B C D
18. A B C D

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Chapter 5

ANSWERS FOR WORKBOOKS The answers for Chapter 5 of these workbooks

Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Send all inquiries to:

ISBN: 0-07-828008-7 Algebra 2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iii Glencoe Algebra 2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iv Glencoe Algebra 2

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill v Glencoe Algebra 2

5 Reading to Learn Mathematics

like radical expressions

(continued on the next page)

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill vii Glencoe Algebra 2

5 Reading to Learn Mathematics

pure imaginary number

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill viii Glencoe Algebra 2

5-1 Study Guide and Intervention

When you simplify an expression, you rewrite it without parentheses or negative

Product of Powers am an am  n for any real number a and integers m and n.

Example Simplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.

23c4t2 24j 2 2mn2(3m2n)2 3

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 239 Glencoe Algebra 2

5-1 Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

Example 1 Express 46,000,000 in scientific notation.

Example 2 3.5  104

1. 24,300 2. 0.00099 3. 4,860,000

Evaluate. Express the result in scientific notation.

2.5 109 9 108 7.4 103

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 240 Glencoe Algebra 2

5-1 Skills Practice

5. (g4)2 g 8 6. (3u)3 27u 3

9. (3d)4 81d 4 10. (2t2)3 8t 6

15. (2x)2(4y)2 64x 2y 2 16. 2gh( g3h5) 2g 4h 6

Express each number in scientific notation.

21. 53,000 5.3 104 22. 0.000248 2.48 104

23. 410,100,000 4.101 108 24. 0.00000805 8.05 106

Evaluate. Express the result in scientific notation.

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 241 Glencoe Algebra 2

5-1 Practice (Average)

19. 896,000 20. 0.000056 21. 433.7  108

Evaluate. Express the result in scientific notation.

3.312 107 3.219 1012 3 105

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 242 Glencoe Algebra 2

5-1 Reading to Learn Mathematics

a. 3x2 monomial; not a constant b. y2  5y 6 not a monomial

2. Complete the following definitions of a negative exponent and a zero exponent.

For any real number a 0, a0 1 .

c. (3r2s)4 power of a product and power of a power

Helping You Remember

© Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 243 Glencoe Algebra 2

Example 1 Simplify 2a2(a n 1 a 4n).

2a2  n  1  2a2  4n Recall am an am  n.

2an  3  2a2  4n Simplify the exponent 2  n  1 as n  3.

It is important always to collect like terms only.

Example 2 Simplify (a n bm)2.

a2n  2anbm  b2m

Product of Powers am an am n for any real number a and integers m and n.

Example 2 3.5 104

19. 896,000 20. 0.000056 21. 433.7 108

a. 3x2 monomial; not a constant b. y2 5y 6 not a monomial

2a2 n 1 2a2 4n Recall am an am n.

2an 3 2a2 4n Simplify the exponent 2 n 1 as n 3.

a2n 2anbm b2m

13. (ab2 a2b)(3an 4bn)

14. ab2(2a2bn 1 4abn 6bn 1)

1. (6x2 3x 2) (4x2 x 3) 2. (7y2 12xy 5x2) (6xy 4y2 3x2)

1. 2x(3x2 5) 2. 7a(6 2a a2) 3. 5y2( y2 2y 3)

4. (x 2)(x 7) 5. (5 4x)(3 2x) 6. (2x 1)(3x 5)

7. (4x 3)(x 8) 8. (7x 2)(2x 7) 9. (3x 2)(x 10)

13. (3t2 8)(t2 5) 14. (2r 7)2 15. (c 7)(c 3)

16. (5a 7)(5a 7) 17. (3x2 1)(2x2 5x)

18. (x2 2)(x2 5) 19. (x 1)(2x2 3x 1)

20. (2n2 3)(n2 5n 1) 21. (x 1)(x2 3x 4)

6. (x2 3x 3) (2x2 7x 2) 7. (2f 2 3f 5) (2f 2 3f 8)

8. (4r2 6r 2) (r2 3r 5) 9. (2x2 3xy) (3x2 6xy 4y2)

12. 5(2c2 d 2) 13. x2(2x 9)

14. 2q(3pq 4q4) 15. 8w(hk2 10h3m4 6k5w3)

16. m2n3(4m2n2 2mnp 7) 17. 3s2y(2s4y2 3sy3 4)

18. (c 2)(c 8) 19. (z 7)(z 4)

22. (r 2s)(r 2s) 23. (3y 4)(2y 3)

24. (3 2b)(3 2b) 25. (3w 1)2

7. (3n2 1) (8n2 8) 8. (6w 11w2) (4 7w2)

Example 2 Use long division to find (x3 8x2 4x 9) (x 4).

Use synthetic division to find (2x3 5x2 5x 2)

Thus, (2x3 5x2 5x 2)

1. (3x3 7x2 9x 14)

3. (2x3 3x2 10x 3)

15y3 6y2 3y 12x2 4x 8 2

5. (15q6 5q2)(5q4)1 6. (4f 5 6f 4 12f 3 8f 2)(4f 2)1

11. (2s2 13s 15)

3. (30x3y 12x2y2 18x2y)

13. (3w3 7w2 4w 3)

As | x | increases, the value of gets smaller. In other words, since