Tutorial: GEARS II

• Spur Gears - Force Analysis

Prof. J. Uziak
Problem – Force Analysis
Shaft a in the figure has a power input of 75
kW at a speed of 1800 rev/min in the
counterclockwise direction.

The gears have a module of 5 mm and a 20◦

pressure angle.

Gear 3 is an idler.

a) Find the force F3b that gear 3 exerts

against shaft b.

b) Find the torque T4c that gear 4 exerts

on shaft c.

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 2𝜋𝑛 2𝜋1800
𝜔= = = 188.5𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 𝑡
𝐹43 = 9.36𝑘𝑁
60 60
𝐻 75000
𝑇= = = 397.9𝑁𝑚
𝜔 188.5 Fb3 = 18.73kN b
3

𝑇 = 𝑇𝑎 𝑡
𝐹23 = 9.36𝑘𝑁

𝑡
𝐹32 = 9.36𝑘𝑁 𝐹3𝑏 = −𝐹𝑏3 = 2 ∙ 9.36 = 18.73𝑘𝑁

a
2
Ta =397.9Nm
c
𝑚𝑁2 5 ∙ 17 4
𝑟𝑎 = = = 42.5𝑚𝑚 Tc4=1193Nm
2 2 𝑡
𝐹34 = 9.36𝑘𝑁

𝑡
𝑇𝑎 397.9
𝐹32 = = = 9.36𝑘𝑁 𝑚𝑁4 5 ∙ 51
𝑟1 42.5 𝑟𝑎 = = = 127.5𝑚𝑚
2 2
𝑇𝑐4 = 9.36 ∙ 127.5 = 1193𝑁𝑚(𝑐𝑐𝑤)
𝑇4𝑐 = 1193𝑁𝑚(𝑐𝑤) 3
Problem – Force Analysis
The gears shown in the figure have a
module of 12 mm and a 20◦
pressure angle.

The pinion rotates at 1800 rev/min

clockwise and transmits 150 kW
through the idler pair to gear 5 on
shaft c.

What forces do gears 3 and 4

transmit to the idler shaft?

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Given: m=12mm, nP=1800 rev/min (cw),
N2=18, N3=32, N4=18, N5=48
Pitch dimeters:
d2=m·N2=12·18=216 mm, d3=m·N3=12·32=384 mm,
d4=m·N4=12·18=216 mm, d5=m·N5=12·48=576 mm,
GEAR 2
2𝜋𝑛 2𝜋1000
𝜔= = = 188.5𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
60 60
𝐻 150000
𝑇 = 𝑇𝑎2 = = = 795.8𝑁𝑚
𝜔 188.5 Wt
𝑇𝑎2 795.8
𝑊𝑡 = = = 7.369𝑘𝑁
𝑟2 108 a
2
OR Ta2
𝐻
𝑊𝑡 =
𝑣
𝜋𝑑2 𝑛 𝜋 ∙ 216 ∙ 1800 𝑚𝑚
Pitch line velocity: 𝑣= = = 20357.5 = 20.358 𝑚/𝑠
60 60 𝑠
𝐻 150000
𝑊𝑡 = = = 7368.1𝑁 = 7.368𝑘𝑁
𝑣 20.358 5
Given: m=12mm, nP=1800 rev/min (cw),
N2=18, N3=32, N4=18, N5=48
Pitch dimeters:
d2=m·N2=12·18=216 mm, d3=m·N3=12·32=384 mm,
d4=m·N4=12·18=216 mm, d5=m·N5=12·48=576 mm,

GEAR 2

𝑊𝑡 = 7.369𝑘𝑁

Wr

Wt=7.369 kN
𝑟 W
𝐹32 Wr
=20o
a
2 Wt=7.369 kN
Ta2 𝑡
𝐹32

𝑊𝑟 = 𝑊𝑡 ∙ 𝑡𝑔20 = 2.682𝑘𝑁

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 Given: m=12mm, nP=1800 rev/min (cw),
N2=18, N3=32, N4=18, N5=48
Pitch dimeters:
d2=m·N2=12·18=216 mm, d3=m·N3=12·32=384 mm,
d4=m·N4=12·18=216 mm, d5=m·N5=12·48=576 mm,

GEAR 3&4

𝑡
𝐹54
3
𝑡 𝑡
𝐹54 ∙ 𝑟4 = 𝐹23 ∙ 𝑟3
4

𝑡 216 384
b 𝑟
𝐹54 𝐹54 ∙ = 7.369 ∙
2 2

𝑡
𝑡 𝐹54 = 13.10𝑘𝑁
𝐹23 = 7.369
𝑟
𝐹23 =2.682
𝑟
𝐹54 = 13.10 ∙ 𝑡𝑔20 = 4.768𝑘𝑁

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 Problem – Force Analysis
The pinion 2 in the figure runs at 1750 rev/min and transmits 2.5 kW to gear 4.
The teeth are cut on the 200-full-depth system and have a module of 2.5 mm.

a) Sketch free-body diagrams of the gears and show all acting forces
b) Calculate pitch diameters of gears and the pitch-line velocity
c) Determine forces acting on each gear
d) Calculate the reactions on shafts a, b and c

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a) To sketch free body diagrams for all gears

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b) Calculate pitch diameters of gears and the pitch-line velocity

Pitch diameter of pinion 2:

d2(p) = mN2(p) = 2.5 · 20 = 50 mm

Pitch diameter of gear 3:

d3 = mN3 = 2.5 · 50 = 125 mm

Pitch diameter of gear 4:

d4 = mN4 = 2.5 · 30 = 75 mm

Pitch-line velocity equation:

dn V - pitch-line velocity, [m/s]

V n - angular speed, [rev/min]
60
d - pitch diameter, [m].

 d p np  0.050 1750
V   4.581 m/s 10
60 60
c) Determine forces acting on each gear

Calculate transmitted (tangential) load:

H 2500
Wt    545.7 N  546 N
V 4.581
Tangential force of pinion 2 acting on gear 3:
Wt  F23t   F32t  546 N
Therefore, the radial force of pinion 2 acting on gear 3:

F23r   F32r  F23t tan   546 tan 20 o  198.73 N  199 N

The resultant force (R) on gear 3:

t
F 546
F23 
R 23
  581.04 N  581 N
cos  cos 20 o

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The tangential force of gear 4 on gear3 is also equal to Wt=546 N.

Therefore:

F43t   F34t  546 N

F43r   F34r  199 N
F   F  581 N
R
43
R
34

Directions of forces
are as shown in the
FBD

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c) Determine reactions on shafts a, b and c

Reactions of shaft a on the pinion:

 x
F  0   R x
a2  F x
32  0  R x
a2  F32  546 N
x

 y
F  0  R y
a2  F r
32  0  R y
a2  F32  199 N
r

d2 t d2 0.05
 M a  0  T2  F 2  0  T2  F32 2  546 2  13.64 Nm
t
32

The same torque can be obtained from the power value:

H 30 H 30  2500
T2     13.64 Nm
2 n2 1750
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Reactions of shaft b on gear 3:

 x
F  0  R x
b3  F r
43  F t
23  0  R x
b3  F t
23  F43  546  199  347 N
r

 y
F  0  R y
b3  F r
23  F t
43  0  R y
b3  F t
43  F23  546  199  347 N
r

 b
M  0  F t
r
43 3  F23 r3  T3  0  T3  0 Nm
t

Therefore, gear 3 does not transmit torque to shaft b as it is an idler gear

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