Exercise 3E

1 a x2  11x  24  0 d x2  7 x  12  0
 x  3 x  8  0  x  4 x  3  0
x  3, x  8 x  4, x  3
Sketch of y  x 11x  24:
2
Sketch of y  x2  7 x  12:

x2  7 x 12  0 when x  4 or x  3
x2 11  24  0 when 3  x  8
e 7  13x  2 x 2  0
b 12  x  x 2  0
2 x 2  13x  7  0
0  x 2  x  12
(2 x  1)( x  7)  0
0   x  4  x  3
x   12 , x  7
x  4, x  3
Sketch of y  7  13x  2x2 :
Sketch of y  12  x  x2 :

7  13x  2 x2  0 when  12  x  7
12  x  x  0 when  4  x  3
2

f 10  x  2 x 2  0
c x 2  3x  10  0 2 x 2  x  10  0
 x  2 x  5  0 (2 x  5)( x  2)  0
x  2, x  5 x  52 , x  2
Sketch of y  x  3x  10 :
2
Sketch of y  10  x  2x2 :

10  x  2 x2  0 when x  2 or x  52
x  3x 10  0 when x  2 or x  5
2

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1 g 4 x2  8x  3  0 j 6 x 2  11x  10  0
(2 x  1)(2 x  3)  0 (3x  2)(2 x  5)  0
x , x
1
2
3
2 x  23 , x   52
Sketch of y  4x2  8x  3: Sketch of y  6x2  11x 10 :

4 x2  8x  3  0 when 1
2  x  32 6 x2  11x 10  0 when x   52 or x  32

h 2  7 x  3x2  0 k x2  5x  0
3x 2  7 x  2  0 x( x  5)  0
(3x  1)( x  2)  0 x  0, x  5
x  13 , x  2 Sketch of y  x 2  5 x :
Sketch of y  2  7 x  3x2 :

x2  5x  0 when x  0 or x  5
2  7 x  3x2  0 when x  13 or x  2
l 2 x 2  3x  0
x  2 x  3  0
i x2  9  0
( x  3)( x  3)  0 x  0, x   32
x  3, x  3 Sketch of y  2x2  3x :
Sketch of y  x2  9 :

x2  9  0 when  3  x  3 2 x2  3x  0 when  32  x  0

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2 a x 2  10  3x c Sketch of y  2x2  3x  1 :
x 2  3x  10  0
( x  5)( x  2)  0
x  5, x  2
x 2  10  3x  x 2  3x  10  0
Sketch of y  x 2  3x  10 :

2 x2  3x  1  0 when 1
2  x 1

d x( x  11)  3(1  x2 )
x 2  11x  3  3x 2
x 2  3x 2  11x  3  0
x2  3x 10  0 when  5  x  2 4 x 2  11x  3  0
 4 x  1 x  3  0
b 11  x 2  10
x  14 , x  3
0  x 2  10  11
x2 1  0 x  x  11  3 1  x 2 
Sketch of y  x2 1:  4 x 2  11x  3  0
Sketch of y  4x2  11x  3:

x2 1  0 when x  1 or x  1
4 x2  11x  3  0 when  3  x  14
c x 3  2x   1
3x  2 x 2  1
0  2 x 2  3x  1
0   2 x  1 x  1
x  , x 1
1
2

x 3  2x   1
  2 x 2  3x  1  0
 2 x 2  3x  1  0

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3 a First inequality: x2 − 7x + 10 < 0 c First inequality: 4x2 − 3x − 1 < 0
x2 − 7x + 10 = 0 4x2 − 3x − 1 = 0
(x − 2)(x − 5) = 0 (x − 1)(4x + 1) = 0
x = 2 or x = 5 x = 1 or x = − 14
Sketch of x2 − 7x + 10 = 0:
Sketch of 4x2 − 3x − 1 = 0:

Second inequality: 3x + 5 < 17

3x < 12 From the graph, we can see that
x<4
4x2 − 3x − 1 < 0 when − 14 < x < 1.

Second inequality: 4(x + 2) < 15 − (x + 7)

4x + 8 < 8 − x
5x < 0
So the required values are 2 < x < 4 x<0
{x: 2 < x < 4}

b First inequality: x2 − x − 6 > 0

x2 − x − 6 = 0
(x − 3)(x + 2) = 0
x = 3 or x = −2 So the required values are − 14 < x < 0
Sketch of x2 − x − 6 = 0 {x: − 14 < x < 0}

d First inequality: 2x2 − x − 1 < 0

2x2 − x − 1 = 0
(2x + 1)(x − 1) = 0
x = − 12 or x = 1
Sketch of 2x2 − x − 1 = 0:

Second inequality: 10 − 2x < 5

−2x < −5
x > 2 12

From the graph, we can see that

So the required values are x > 3 2x2 − x − 1 < 0 when − 12 < x < 1.
{x: x > 3}

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3 d Second inequality: 14 < 3x − 2 f First inequality: x2 − 2x − 3 < 0
3x > 16 x2 − 2x − 3 = 0
x > 5 13 (x − 3)(x + 1) = 0
x = 3 or x = −1
Sketch of x2 − 2x – 3= 0:

So there are no values.

e First inequality: x2 − x − 12 > 0

x2 − x − 12 = 0
(x − 4)(x + 3) = 0
x = 4 or x = −3
Sketch of x2 − x − 12 = 0:

Second inequality: x2 − 3x + 2 > 0

x2 − 3x + 2 = 0
(x − 2)(x − 1) = 0
x = 2 or x = 1
Sketch of x2 − 3x + 2 = 0:

From the graph, we can see that

x2 − x − 12 > 0 when x < −3 < or x > 4.

Second inequality: 3x + 17 > 2

3x > −15
x > −5

So the required values are −5 < x < −3

and x > 4
{x: −5 < x < −3}  {x: x > 4} So the required values are −1 < x < 1
and 2 < x < 3
{x: −1 < x < 1}  {x: 2 < x < 3}

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 2 1
4 a <1 4 c 3 > 2
x x
Multiply both sides by x2: 1
2x < x2 > −1
x
2x − x2 < 0 Multiply both sides by x2:
Solve the quadratic to find x > −x2
the critical values: x2 + x > 0
2x − x2 = 0 Solve the quadratic to find
x(2 − x) = 0 the critical values:
x = 0 or x = 2 x2 + x = 0
x(x + 1) = 0
x = 0 or x = −1

The solution is x < 0 or x > 2

4 The solution is x < −1 or x > 0.

b 5>
x
Multiply both sides by x2: 5 8
d 6 >
5x2 > 4x x x
5x2 − 4x > 0 6>
3
Solve the quadratic to find x
the critical values: Multiply both sides by x2:
5x2 − 4x = 0 6x2 > 3x
x(5x − 4) = 0 6x2 − 3x > 0
x = 0 or x = 54 Solve the quadratic to find
the critical values:
6x2 − 3x = 0
3x(2x − 1) = 0
x = 0 or x = 12

The solution is x < 0 or x > 54 .

The solution is x < 0 or x > 12 .

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 1 5 b Using the quadratic formula:
e 25 > a  p, b  p, c  2
x2
2
25x > 1 b2  4ac  0 for real roots, so
25x2 − 1 > 0 p2  8 p  0
Solve the quadratic to find
the critical values: p  p  8  0
25x2 − 1 = 0 p  0 or p  –8
(5x  1)(5 x  1) = 0
x = 15 or x =  15 6 x2 − 5x − 14 > 0
x2 − 5x − 14 = 0
(x − 7)(x + 2) = 0
x = 7 or x = −2

The solution is x <  15 or x > 15 .

6 7 So the required values are x < −2 or x > 7

f  ≤3 {x: x < −2}  {x: x > 7}
x2 x
Multiply both sides by x2:
7 a 2(3x − 1) < 4 − 3x
6 + 7x ≤ 3x2
6x − 2 < 4 − 3x
3x2 − 7x − 6 ≥ 0
9x < 6
Solve the quadratic to find
the critical values: x < 23
3x2 − 7x − 6 = 0 {x: x < 2
3 }
(3x + 2)(x − 3) = 0
x =  23 or x = 3 b 2x2 − 5x − 3 < 0
2x2 − 5x − 3 = 0
(2x + 1)(x − 3) = 0
x = − 12 or x = 3

The solution is x ≤  23 or x ≥ 3.

5 a Using the quadratic formula:

a  1, b  k , c  k  3
So − 12 < x < 3
b  4ac  0 for norealroots, so
2

{x: − 12 < x < 3}

(k ) 2  4  k  3  0
k 2  4k  12  0
 k  6  k  2   0
2  k  6

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7 c 9 kx2 − 2kx + 3 = 0
For no real roots, using the discriminant:
b2 − 4ac < 0
(−2k)2 − 4(k)(3) < 0
4k2 − 12k < 0
4k2 − 12k = 0
So the required values are − 12 < x < 2
3 4k(k − 3) = 0
{x: − 12 < x < 2
} k = 0 or k = 3
3

5
8 <2
x 3
Multiply both sides by (x − 3)2:
5(x − 3) < 2(x − 3)2
5x − 15 < 2x2 − 12x + 18
2x2 − 17x + 33 > 0
Solve the quadratic to find
the critical values:
2x2 − 17x + 33 = 0
(2x − 11)(x − 3) = 0 So 0 < k < 3
x = 112 or x = 3 When k = 0, the equation gives 3 = 0.
Therefore, 0 ≤ k < 3.

11
The solution is x < 3 or x > 2

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