MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS
Report 5
Submitted To:
Engr. Arhum Hassan
Group Members:
M. Rafay Khwaja Abdul Moiz
(170301040) (170301058)
Syed Abdullah Shah Ushna Liaqat
(170301003) (170301005)
Relation between Torsion Moment,
Torsion Angle and Shear Modulus
Literature Review:
In materials science, shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by G, or
sometimes S or μ, is defined as the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain:
where = shear stress is the force which acts is the area on which the force acts
= shear strain. Torque is defined as a moment that acts about a member’s
longitudinal axis. A member that has had torque applied to it such that it
deforms along its longitudinal axis is said to be under torsion [ CITATION Ste11 \l
1033 ]. Torsion is the twisting of a beam under the action of a torque (twisting
moment). It is systematically applied to screws, nuts, axles, drive shafts etc.,
and is also generated more randomly under service conditions in car bodies,
boat hulls, aircraft fuselages, bridges, springs and many other structures and
components. A torque, T, has the same units (N m) as a bending moment, M.
Both are the product of a force and a distance. In the case of a torque, the
force is tangential and the distance is the radial distance between this tangent
and the axis of rotation.[ CITATION 18Un \l 1033 ].Torsional angle is angle of twist,
for a shaft under torsional loading, the angle through which fixed end of a
shaft rotates with respect to the free end is called the angle of twist [ CITATION
Def15 \l 1033 ]. Span length is the distance exceeded by a stated percentage
from a random catch point in drafting zone [ CITATION Soh16 \l 1033 ] .The object of
this experiment is to determine the relationship between the angle of twist
and applied torque for a rod as well as the relationship between the
deflection and length of the rod at a specified torque [ CITATION Ste11 \l 1033 ] . In
this experiment we will be taking different rods (steel, brass, iron) and will be
there reaction when they are subjected to torsion stress.
Procedure
Equipment:
Brass Rod
Steel Rod
Aluminum Rod
Weights in 2.5N increments up to 7.5N.
Part I:
1)Firstly, we placed the torsion experiment apparatus on a hard, flat surface
with the load hanger over the edge of the table.
2)Then, we loaded a cylindrical specimen of Aluminum/brass/steel into the
device by tightening the rod into the chuck and clamp at either end of the
apparatus.
3) We fixed the clamping length of 600mm by fixing the moveable jaw with
screws.
4)Then, we calibrated the pointer of the angle meter by placing the needles
at zero.
5)After putting hanger of 0.5N, we added two newton of weight to the load
hangar suspends. Then we recorded the indicated angle as deflection in angle
meter.
6)We increased the load of the hanger by three Newton to make it 5.5N and
again recorded the indicated deflection on angle indicator.
7)We continue to add two newton increment to the load hanger (i.e. 7.5N)
and recorded the indicated angle.
8)We repeated steps 5 through 7 for the Steel and Brass.
9)We recorded all these measurements in the data table and calculated
Torsional Moment for each rod at different weights by using least count of
0.01mm.
10)Finally, we plotted a graph between torsional angle on y-axis and torsional
moment on x-axis to determine relationship between them.
For Steel bar:
Load (N) Torsional Torsional
Moment (N angle
mm)
2.5 250 0.28
7.5 750 0.84
12.5 1250 1.52
Torsion Angle
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
For Brass bar:
Load (N) Torsional Torsional
Moment angle
(Nmm)
2.5 250 0.65
7.5 750 1.95
12.5 1250 3.05
Torsion Angle
3.5
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
For Aluminum bar:
Load Torsion Torsion
moment angle
(F x r)
2.5 N 250 0.82
7.5 N 750 2.94
12.5 N 1250 4.17
Torsion Angle
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
180∗Mv∗L
Shear modulus = π∗Ip∗θ
Mv=torsional moment
L=span length =600mm
d= diameter of rod=8mm
π d4
Ip=polar moment of inertia = =402.12mm
32
θ= torsion angle
π d3
Wv=Resistance to moment =
16
Mv
Torsion stress= Wv
Material Load Torsion Torsion Torsion Shear Average
moment stress angle modulus shear
modulus
Steel 2.5 250 19.9 0.28 76330.5
7.5 750 59.6 0.84 76330.8 76330.4
12.5 1250 99.5 1.52 76329.89
Brass 2.5 250 19.9 0.65 32880.98
7.5 750 59.6 1.95 32880.98 32880.98
12.5 1250 99.5 3.05 32880.98
Aluminum 2.5 250 19.9 0.82 26064.2
7.5 750 59.6 2.94 21808.81 24500
12.5 1250 99.5 4.17 25626.66
Conclusion:
We deduce that there is direct relation between load, torsion angle and
torsion. With increase load we see increase in torsion angle and torsion
moment. The shear stress of the given rods are found.
Works Cited
[1] S. Mirdo, Torsion of Cylindrical Rods, Motreal : Canada National Press, 2011.
[2] University of Cambridge, 13 2 2018. [Online]. Available:
https://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/beam_bending/twisting.php.
[3] "Definitions and Keywords," 7 10 2015. [Online]. Available:
https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/virtual_lab/popups/defKeywd.html.
[4] S. R. Sobuj, "textile study center," 19 06 2016. [Online]. Available:
https://textilestudycenter.com/span-length/.
