CSS
Introduction to CSS
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Agenda
Introduction to CSS
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Introduction to
Cascading Style
Sheets
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Objеctivеs
In this module, you will
• Get introduced to CSS
• Understand the advantages of using CSS
• Explore different versions of CSS
• Understand basic syntax of CSS
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Introduction to CSS
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
CSS was first developed in 1997 as a way for defining the look and feel of the web pages
HTML documents can be displayed using different styles
Styles define how to display HTML elements
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Introduction to CSS(Why CSS?)
HTML was primarily used for defining the content of a document like paragraphs, headings
etc. with no formatting
With HTML 3.2 specifications, the formatting tags like color, font etc. were added
When HTML was used for creating user interface for large web applications, with
hundreds of web pages, formatting individual web pages posed challenges
To overcome this challenge, World Wide Web Consortium(W3C) introduced CSS
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Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
CSS, is a standard for formatting Web pages that goes well beyond the limitations of HTML
CSS extends HTML with more than 70 style properties that can be applied to HTML tags
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CSS 1
CSS1 was introduced in 1996
It is the first edition of Cascading Style Sheets
Support for several properties
Unique ‘id’ for each property was introduced with CSS 1
Offered enhanced features for implementing margins, borders, padding and positioning
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CSS 2
Published in 1998
Support for Bidirectional texts
New font properties such as shadows were introduced
CSS 2.1 was the last 2nd generation edition of CSS
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CSS 3
CSS 3 is the latest edition of Cascading Style Sheets
Several new functionalities have been provided through CSS 3
Functions like rounded corners, background decoration, box shadows, which are
demonstrated in the subsequent sections, are introduced in this version
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Advantages of using CSS
A web application will contains hundreds of web pages, which are created using HTML.
Formatting these HTML Pages will be a laborious process, as formatting elements
need to be applied to each and every page.
CSS saves lot of work as we can change the appearance and layout of all the web
pages by editing just one single CSS file.
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CSS Syntax
The CSS syntax has two main parts : a selector and one or more declarations.
Example :
Property
h1 {color:red }
Value
Selector Declaration
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Demo : A Simple CSS Style Example
<html><body>
Output :
<h1> Wipro Technologies </h1>
</body></html> Wipro Technologies
<html>
<head>
<style>
h1{color:red} Output :
</style>
Wipro Technologies
</head>
<body>
<h1> Wipro Technologies </h1>
</body>
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Quiz
1. The HTML element on which you want to apply styles is known as
a)Declaration
b)Directive
c)Selector
d)Property
2. State whether TRUE or FALSE ;
You can specify only one declaration for a selector.
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CSS Syntax Rules
A CSS declaration must always end with a semi colon.
There can be multiple declarations represented by multiple property value pairs.
You can also have declarations on separate lines for easy readability as given below :
p {
color:blue;
text-align:left;
}
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CSS Comments (/* … */)
You can use comments in CSS to omit certain segment of code. The segment of the code
which is designated as comment will be ignored by the browser.
Beginning of comment : /*
End of comment : */
Example :
p {
text-align:left;
/* background-color:yellow */
color:red;
}
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Quiz
1. Which of the following is the correct syntax for comments in CSS ?
a) <!- css syntax -->
b) // css syntax
c) !- css syntax
d) /* css syntax */
2. State whether TRUE or FALSE ;
A CSS declaration must always end with a semicolon.
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Summary
In this module you were able to :
• Get introduced to CSS
• Understand the advantages of using CSS
• Explore different versions of CSS
• Understand basic syntax of CSS
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Thank You
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