Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibitedฺ Copyright© 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliatesฺ

D t b
Database Maintenance
M i t

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 Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

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• Manage the Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)

• Use the Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM)
• Describe and use the advisory framework
• Set alert thresholds
• Use server-generated alerts
• Use automated tasks a
h a s
m ) ฺ
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Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 2

 Database Maintenance

Automatic Automated Proactive Reactive

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tasks

Advisory Server Critical

framework alerts errors

Automatic Automatic
Workload Diagnostic a
Repository Efficient has
Repository
)
c o m d e ฺ
ฺ
ail t Gu i
m
g den
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ed StDirect u
Data warehouse Automatic collection
h m
a this memory
of the database of important o
ฺm statistics se access
l e u
o r ac se to
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Copyright licOracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
© 2014,

m ed rab
o
Proactive
fe
a nsmaintenance
hdatabase is made easy by the sophisticated infrastructure of the
m t r a
n o n- including the following main elements:
Oracle database,
• The Automatic Workload Repositoryp y ((AWR)) is a built-in repository p y in each Oracle
database.
At regular intervals, the Oracle database server makes a snapshot of all its vital
statistics and workload information and stores this data in the AWR. The captured data
can be analyzed by you, by the database server itself, or by both.
• Using automated tasks, the database server performs routine maintenance operations,
such as regular backups, refreshing optimizer statistics, and database health checks.
Reactive database maintenance includes critical errors and conditions discovered by
database health checkers:
• For problems that cannot be resolved automatically and require administrators to be
notified (such as running out of space), the Oracle database server provides
server-generated alerts. The Oracle database server, by default, monitors itself and
sends out alerts to notify you of problems. The alerts notify you and often also provide
recommendations on how to resolve the reported problem.
• Recommendations are generated from several advisors, each of which is responsible
for a subsystem. For example, there are memory, segment, and SQL advisors.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 3

 Viewing the Alert History
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hHistory s f er
The Alert
m o r a n displays a chart that shows the alert history of the current database in
segments of t
n-time that you designate. An alert indicates a potential problem: either a warning
nothreshold
or critical for a monitored metric, or an indication that a target is no longer available.
Click the metric name listed on the Alert History page to get detailed statistics, graphs, and
actual time stamps for each alert.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 4

 Terminology

• Statistics: Data collections providing database and object

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detail
– Optimizer statistics: Used by query optimizer
– Database statistics: Used for performance
p
• Metric: Rate of change in a cumulative statistic
• Threshold: A boundary value against which metric values
are compared
• Automatic Workload Repository (AWR): Infrastructureas
a
for
data gathering
gathering, analysis,
analysis and solutions recommendations
m )h ฺ
a i l ฺco uide
• AWR Baseline: A set of AWR snapshotsmfor t G
g n
performance comparison d@ tude e S
h a m h i s
ฺ m o se t
r a cle to u
b (o ense
a za le
Copyright licOracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
© 2014,

m ed rab
o
Statistics h a nsfe of data that provide more details about the database and the objects
are collections
in it. Optimizer
a
m -trstatistics are used by the query optimizer to choose the best execution plan for
n
nostatement. Database statistics provide information for performance monitoring.
each SQL
The Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) provides services to internal Oracle server
components to collect, process, maintain, and use performance statistics for problem
detection and self-tuning purposes. Active Session History (ASH) is the history of recent
session activity stored in the AWR.
AWR snapshots include database statistics and metrics, application statistics (transaction
volumes, response time), operating system statistics, and other measures. An AWR baseline
i a sett off AWR snapshots
is h t collected
ll t d over a period
i d off titime. Th
The b
baseline
li iis used
d ffor
performance comparison, either current performance versus the baseline or one baseline
compared to another.
The System Moving Window baseline is collected by default. The System Moving Window
baseline is a changing set of snapshots that include the last eight days of snapshots by
default. This baseline becomes valid after sufficient data has been collected and the statistics
y Saturday
calculation occurs. The statistics calculation is scheduled for every y at midnight
g by y
default.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 5

 Automatic Workload Repository (AWR): Overview

• Built-in repository of performance information

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• Snapshots of database metrics taken every 60 minutes

and retained for eight days
• Foundation for all self
self-management
management functions

s a
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)h ฺ
In-memory m
co uide
60 minutes
a i l ฺ
statistics MMON
g m eSnapshots n tG
SGA e d@ Stud
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The AWR
m o r a n
infrastructure that provides services to Oracle Database components to
t
n- and use statistics for problem detection and self-tuning purposes. You can
collect, maintain,
asoa data warehouse for database statistics, metrics, and so on.
view it n
Every 60 minutes (by default), the database automatically captures statistical information from
the SGA and stores it in the AWR in the form of snapshots. These snapshots are stored on
disk by a background process called Manageability Monitor (MMON). By default, snapshots
are retained for eight days. You can modify both the snapshot interval and the retention
intervals.
The AWR contains hundreds of tables, all belonging to the SYS schema and stored in the
SYSAUX tablespace.
tablespace Oracle recommends that the repository be accessed only through
Enterprise Manager or the DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY package to work with the AWR.
Direct data manipulation language (DML) commands against the repository tables are not
supported.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 6

 AWR Infrastructure

External clients
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EM SQL*Plus …

SGA
Efficient V$ DBA_*
in-memory AWR
statistics
collection MMON snapshots
s a
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)h ฺ
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a ilฺc Guid
g m ent
e d@ Stud Self-tuning
Self-tuning
ADDMham is … component
Internal clients o component t h
l e ฺm use
o r ac se to
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Copyright licOracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
© 2014,

m ed rab
The AWR o a nsfehas two major parts:
hinfrastructure
m -tra
• An o n
in-memory statistics collection facility that is used by Oracle Database components
toncollect
co ect statistics.
stat st cs These
ese statistics
stat st cs are
a e stored
sto ed in memory e o y for o performance
pe o a ce reasons.
easo s
Statistics stored in memory are accessible through dynamic performance (V$) views.
• The AWR snapshots that represent the persistent portion of the facility. AWR snapshots
are accessible through data dictionary views and Enterprise Manager.
Statistics are stored in persistent storage for several reasons:
• The statistics need to survive instance crashes.
• Some analyses need historical data for baseline comparisons.
• A memory overflow can occur. When old statistics are replaced by new ones because of
memory shortage, the replaced data can be stored for later use.
The memory version of the statistics is transferred to disk on a regular basis by the MMON
background process. With the AWR, the Oracle database server provides a way to capture
historical statistics data automatically without DBA intervention.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 7

 Automatic Workload Repository
Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibitedฺ Copyright© 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliatesฺ

ADDM finds
MMON
top problems.

SYSAUX
SGA
6:00 AM
Snapshot 1
In-memory 7:00 AM
Snapshot 2 a
statistics
has
8:00 AM Snapshot 3
9:00 AM )
S h 4om
Snapshot
d eฺ
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m o
The Automatic
r a n Repository (AWR) is a collection of persistent system performance
t
- by SYS. The AWR resides in the SYSAUX tablespace.
statistics owned
non
A snapshot is a set of performance statistics captured at a certain time and stored in the
AWR. Each snapshot is identified by a snapshot sequence number (SNAP_ID) that is unique
in the AWR. By default, snapshots are generated every 60 minutes. You can adjust this
frequency by changing the snapshot INTERVAL parameter. Because the database advisors
rely on these snapshots, be aware that adjustment of the interval setting can affect diagnostic
precision. For example, if the INTERVAL is set to four hours, you may miss transient events
that would be noticeable in 60-minute intervals.
You can use the DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.MODIFY_SNAPSHOT_SETTINGS
DBMS WORKLOAD REPOSITORY MODIFY SNAPSHOT SETTINGS stored
procedure or Enterprise Manager to change the settings that control snapshot collection.
You can take manual snapshots by using Enterprise Manager or the
DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.CREATE_SNAPSHOT stored procedure. Taking manual
snapshots is supported in conjunction with the automatic snapshots that the system
generates. Manual snapshots are expected to be used when you want to capture the system
behavior at two specific points in time that do not coincide with the automatic schedule.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 8

 Statspack is a bundled utility that provides a subset of the collection and reporting capability of
the AWR. However, there is no supported path to migrate Statspack data into the workload
repository. Also, the workload repository is not compatible with the Statspack schema.
Statspack is not accessible through Enterprise Manager; it requires setup, and does not have
automatic retention settings, or automatic purge. The Statspack utility does provide scripts for
setup, automatic snapshot collection, and reporting. Statspack snapshots can be marked for
retention, as part of a Statspack baseline, or purged with provided scripts.
Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibitedฺ Copyright© 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliatesฺ

Statspack is documented in the $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/spdoc.txt file.

s a
) h a
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Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 9

 AWR Baselines

Relevant period
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in the past

s a
a
)h ฺ
m
DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.CREATE_BASELINE ( i-
a lฺco Guide
start_snap_id IN NUMBER, g m ent
end_snap_id IN NUMBER, ed@ tud
h a m his S
baseline_name IN VARCHAR2);
ฺ m o se t
r a cle to u
b (o ense
a za le
Copyright licOracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
© 2014,

m ed rab
ha anissafeset of AWR snapshots. This is usually a set of snapshot data for an
An AWRobaseline
m -tr that you tag and retain in the AWR. A baseline is defined on a pair of
important period
nonthe snapshots are identified by their snapshot sequence numbers (SNAP_IDs) or
snapshots;
a start and end time. Each snapshot set has starting and ending snapshots and includes all
the snapshots in between. Snapshot sets are used to retain snapshot data. Therefore, by
default, snapshots belonging to snapshot sets are retained until the snapshot sets are
dropped. You can specify an expiration value to indicate the number of days that the snapshot
will be retained.
A baseline is identified by a user-supplied name. Execute the CREATE_BASELINE procedure
to create a baseline from a set of snapshots,
snapshots and specify a name and a pair of snapshot
identifiers. A baseline identifier that is unique for the life of a database is assigned to the
newly created baseline. Usually, you set up baselines from representative periods in the past,
to be used for comparisons with current system behavior. You can also set up
threshold-based alerts by using baselines from Enterprise Manager. You can set the
expiration time (in number of days) with the expiration parameter of this procedure. The
default is NULL, meaning “never expire.”
Y can gett the
You th SNAP_IDs
SNAP ID directly
di tl ffrom DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT,
DBA HIST SNAPSHOT or from
f Enterprise
E t i Manager.
M
Note: For more information about the DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY package, see the
Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference guide.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 10

 Accessing the AWR Page
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s a
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haManager
m o
In Enterprise
r a n Cloud Control, navigate to the Automatic Workload Repository page by
expanding n thet
- Performance menu, selecting AWR, and then selecting AWR Administration.
n o
On the Automatic Workload Repository page, click Edit to change the settings.
On the Automatic Workload Repository page, you can:
• Edit the workload repository settings
• Look at detailed information about created snapshots and manually create new ones
• Create AWR baselines
• Generate an AWR report

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 11

 Managing the AWR

• Retention period
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– Default: Eight days

– Consider storage needs
• Collection interval
– Default: 60 minutes
– Consider storage needs
and performance impact
• Collection level s a
a
)h ฺ
– Basic (disables most ADDM functionality) o m e
– Typical (recommended) a ilฺc Guid
g m ent
– All (adds additional SQL tuning information
e d@ Studto snapshots)
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AWR settings
r a n
include retention period, collection interval, and collection level. Remember that
t
- of these settings affects the functionality of components that depend on the
decreasingnany
no the advisors.
AWR, including
Increasing the settings can provide improved advisor recommendations—but at the cost of
the space that is required to store the snapshots and the performance expended in collecting
the snapshot information.
Consider setting collection level to ALL when tuning a new application. The ALL setting
collects SQL execution plans and timing statistics that enhance the recommendations of the
SQL advisors. When tuning is complete, this setting should be returned to the TYPICAL
setting.
tti

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 12

 Statistic Levels
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STATISTICS_LEVEL

BASIC TYPICAL ALL

s a
a
)h ฺ
o m e
a ilฺc Guid
m entstatistics
gAdditional
Self-tuning Recommended d@ d manual
ufor
e S t
hame this SQL diagnostics
capabilities disabled default value
o
c l eฺm to us
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o hamansfe initialization parameter controls the capture of a variety of statistics
The STATISTICS_LEVEL
m -tr
and variousnadvisors, including the automatic maintenance tasks. The automatic maintenance
no gathering optimizer statistics. The STATISTICS_LEVEL parameter can be set
tasks include
to the following levels:
• BASIC: The computation of AWR statistics and metrics is turned off. The automatic
optimizer statistics task is disabled, as are all advisors and server-generated alerts.
• TYPICAL: Major statistics that are required for database self-management are collected.
They represent what is typically needed to monitor Oracle database behavior. This
includes automatic gathering of statistics to reduce the likelihood of poorly performing
SQL statements due to stale or invalid statistics
statistics.
• ALL: All possible statistics are captured. This level of capture adds timed OS statistics
and plan execution statistics. These statistics are not needed in most cases and should
not be enabled for best performance; they are sometimes needed for specific
diagnostics tests.
Oracle recommends that the default value of TYPICAL be set for the STATISTICS_LEVEL
initialization p
parameter. Setting g the value to BASIC disables the automatic ggathering
g of
optimizer statistics.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 13

 Automatic Database
Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM)
• Runs after each AWR snapshot
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• Monitors the instance; detects bottlenecks

• Stores results in the AWR

s a
Snapshots a
)h ฺ
o m e
a ilฺc Guid
g m ent
EM ADDM
e d@ Stud
h a m his ADDM results
ฺ m o se t AWR
c l e to u
( o ra se
a b © 2014, c n and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
eOracle
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hother s f er
m o
Unlike the
r a n the ADDM runs automatically after each AWR snapshot. Each time
t
a snapshotnis- taken, the ADDM performs an analysis of the period corresponding to the last
no The ADDM proactively monitors the instance and detects most bottlenecks
two snapshots.
before they become a significant problem.
In many cases, the ADDM recommends solutions for detected problems and even quantifies
the benefits for the recommendations.
Some common problems that are detected by the ADDM:
• CPU bottlenecks
• Poor Oracle Net connection management
g
• Lock contention
• Input/output (I/O) capacity
• Undersizing of database instance memory structures
• High-load SQL statements
• High PL/SQL and Java time
• High checkpoint load and cause (for example
example, small log files)
The results of each ADDM analysis are stored in the AWR and are also accessible through
Enterprise Manager.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 14

 ADDM Findings in
Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
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s a
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)h ฺ
o m e
a ilฺc Guid
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haEnterprise
You canouse a n Manager Cloud Control to view ADDM findings. Select Advisors
m t r
n o n-Performance menu. Select an ADDM autorun on the Advisors Central page.
Home in the
On the Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM) page, you see detailed findings for
the latest ADDM run. Database Time represents the sum of the non-idle time spent by
sessions in the database for the analysis period. A specific impact percentage is given for
each finding. The impact represents the time consumed by the corresponding issue compared
with the database time for the analysis period.
Click the View Report button to get details about the performance analysis in the form of a
text report.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 15

 ADDM Findings in
Enterprise Manager Database Express
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s a
a
)h ฺ
o m e
a ilฺc Guid
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You canoalso use a n
Enterprise Manager Database Express to view ADDM information. Select
m t r
on-Hub from the Performance menu. Click the ADDM tab. Select a task to view
Performance
ninformation.
detailed

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 16

 Advisory Framework

SQL Tuning Buffer Cache

ADDM Advisor PGA Advisor
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Advisor
SQL Access Shared Pool
Advisor Advisor

Memory Java Pool

Advisor SGA Advisor
Advisor
Streams Pool
Advisor s a
)h ฺ a
m
coAdvisor de
l
Segment
a i ฺ u i
Space
g m Undo n t G
d@ Stude
Advisor
e
Backup o hame this MTTR Advisor
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hamayou s f er
Advisorsoprovide n with useful feedback about resource utilization and performance for their
m
respective n t r
- components. For example, the Memory Advisor provides a recommended
server
nothe MEMORY_TARGET initialization parameter, which controls the total amount of
value for
memory used by the Oracle database instance.
By building on the data captured in the AWR, the ADDM enables the Oracle Database server
to diagnose its own performance and determine how identified problems can be resolved.
ADDM runs automatically after each AWR statistics capture. It can potentially call other
advisors.
Here are the major benefits that are provided by the advisor infrastructure:
• All advisors use a uniform interface.
• All advisors have a common data source and results storage by using the workload
repository.
Not all advisors are shown in the slide (for example, the Data Recovery Advisor and the SQL
Repair Advisor are not listed).
Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM)
The ADDM is a server-based expert that reviews database performance every 60 minutes. Its
goal is to detect possible system bottlenecks early and recommend fixes before system
performance degrades noticeably.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 17

 Memory Advisors
The Memory Advisor is actually a collection of several advisory functions that help determine
the best settings for the total memory used by the database instance. The System Global Area
((SGA)) has a set of advisors for the shared p
pool,, database buffer cache,, Java pool,
p , and streams
pool. The Java pool and streams pool advisors are not exposed on the Enterprise Manager
Memory Advisor page. There is an advisor for the Program Global Area (PGA). In addition to the
advisory functions, this advisor provides a central point of control for the large pool and the Java
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pool.
Mean-Time-To-Recover (MTTR) Advisor
Using the MTTR Advisor, you set the length of time required for the database to recover after an
instance crash.
Segment Advisor
This advisor looks for tables and indexes that consume more space than they require. The
advisor checks for inefficient space consumption at the tablespace or schema level and
produces scripts to reduce space consumption where possible.
s a
SQL Access Advisor )h ฺ a
This advisor analyzes all SQL statements that are issued in a given period m
co and de
suggests the
a i l ฺ u i
m ent G
creation of additional indexes or materialized views that will improve performance.
g
SQL Tuning Advisor
e d@ Stud
This advisor analyzes an individual SQL statement mand makes
haactions,h is as recommendations for improving
its performance. Recommendations may m o
include e t such rewriting the statement,
changing the instance configuration,cor
ฺ s
leaddingtoindexes.
u
Undo Management Advisor (o
r a se
b e n
a
With the Undo Management za Advisor,
l e lic you can determine the undo tablespace size that is
eda given
required to support
m r abretention period. Undo management and the use of the advisor is
a
covered inhthe lesson f e
m o rans titled “Managing Undo Data.”
Data Recovery
o n -t Advisor
n automaticallyy diagnoses
This advisor g p
persistent data failures,, p
presents repair
p options
p to the
user, and executes repairs at the user’s request. The purpose of the Data Recovery Advisor is
to reduce the mean time to recover (MTTR) and provide a centralized tool for automated data
repair.
SQL Repair Advisor
You run the SQL Repair Advisor after a SQL statement fails with a critical error that generates a
problem in the Automatic Diagnostic Repository. The advisor analyzes the statement and, in
many cases, recommends d a patch
t h tto repair
i th
the statement.
t t t If you implement
i l t the
th
recommendation, the applied SQL patch circumvents the failure by causing the query optimizer
to choose an alternative execution plan for future executions. This is done without changing the
SQL statement itself.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 18

 Viewing the Advisor Central Page in
Enterprise Manager Cloud Control
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s a
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)h ฺ
o m e
a ilฺc Guid
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haCentral
m o
The Advisor
r a n page is the main page of all advisors. You can reach this page by
t
- Home in the Performance menu. It is also possible to have access to
selecting Advisors
noinncertain contexts.
advisors
On the Advisors tab of the Advisor Central page, you can see all the advisor tasks that are
registered in the workload repository. You can also filter this list by advisor type and for
predefined time periods.
The Checkers tab of the Advisor Central page enables you to schedule various database
integrity checkers. You can see all the checker runs by name, type, or time period.
Some advisors are described in greater detail in the lessons titled “Managing Undo Data,”
“Managing Performance,” “Managing Performance: SQL Tuning,” and “Backup and Recovery
Concepts.”
Note: Use the Change Default Parameters page to change the default expiration (in days) for
all future tasks. You can also use this page to change the parameters of some important
advisors.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 19

 Using Packages to Invoke the Advisors

Package Name Advisor Name

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DBMS_ADDM Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor

(DBMS_ADDM)

DBMS_ADVISOR SQL Access Advisor and Segment Advisor

DBMS_COMPRESSION Compression Advisor

DBMS_SQLDIAG SQL Repair Advisor

s a
DBMS_SQLPA SQL Performance Analyzer a
)h ฺ
o m e
DBMS_SQLTUNE SQL Tuning Advisor
a ilฺc Guid
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a b © 2014, c n and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
eOracle
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er contains all constants and procedure declarations for all
hamansfpackage
o
The DBMS_ADVISOR
m -tr However, some of the advisors have their own separate packages. Oracle
advisor modules.
non that you use the advisor-specific package rather than DBMS_ADVISOR for the
recommends
following advisors:
• Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (DBMS_ADDM)
• SQL Performance Analyzer (DBMS_SQLPA)
• SQL Repair Advisor (DBMS_SQLDIAG)
• SQL Tuning Advisor (DBMS_SQLTUNE)
• Compression
p Advisor ((DBMS_COMPRESSION.GET_COMPRESSION_RATIO))
You can use DBMS_ADVISOR and the other advisor packages to execute tasks from the
command line.
To execute advisor procedures, you must be granted the ADVISOR privilege. The ADVISOR
privilege permits full access to the advisor procedures and views.
Note: For more information about all the procedures found in the advisor packages, refer to
Q Packages
the Oracle Database PL/SQL g and Typesyp Reference.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 20

 Automated Maintenance Tasks

Autotask maintenance process:

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1. Maintenance Window opens.

2. Autotask background process schedules jobs.
3 Scheduler initiates jobs
3. jobs.
4. Resource Manager limits impact of Autotask jobs.
Default Autotask maintenance jobs:
• Gathering optimizer statistics a
a s
• Automatic Segment
g Advisor
m )h ฺ
co de
• Automatic SQL Advisor ailฺ Gui m ent
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By analyzing
r a n
information stored in the AWR, the database server can identify the need to
t
- maintenance tasks, such as optimizer statistics refresh. The automated
perform routine
non tasks infrastructure enables the Oracle Database server to automatically
maintenance
perform such operations. It uses the Scheduler to run such tasks in predefined maintenance
windows.
By default, the weekday maintenance windows start at 10:00 PM and last four hours. On
Saturday and Sunday, the maintenance window starts at 6:00 AM and lasts for 20 hours. All
attributes of the maintenance windows are customizable, including the start and end times,
frequency, days of the week, and so on. In addition, the impact of automated maintenance
tasks on normal database operations can be limited by associating a Database Resource
Manager resource plan to the maintenance window.
Examples of maintenance:
• Optimizer statistics are automatically refreshed by using the automatic maintenance task
infrastructure.
• The Automatic Segment Advisor has default jobs, which run in the maintenance window.
• When creating a database with the DBCA
DBCA, you can initiate regular database backups
backups.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 21

 Automated Maintenance Tasks
Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibitedฺ Copyright© 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliatesฺ

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hthe s f er
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To access
r a n Maintenance Task page, expand the Administration menu and
t
n- Maintenance Tasks in the Oracle Scheduler submenu. On this page, you
select Automated
nothe
can view automated maintenance task schedule and recent history. From here, you can
drill down to details on some tasks. Click Configure to go to the Automated Maintenance
Tasks Configuration page. A task executes in a window. The graph shows the last window in
which a task was executed and the next window in which the task is scheduled to be
executed.
Note: The default windows for tasks are shown in the example. When the maintenance
window closes, the Scheduler terminates the optimizer statistics–gathering job by default. The
remaining objects are then processed in the next maintenance window
window.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 22

 Automated Maintenance Tasks Configuration
Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibitedฺ Copyright© 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliatesฺ

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o hamanMaintenance
On the Automated sfe Tasks Configuration page, you can enable and disable
m t r
n-
automatic maintenance
noconfigure
tasks—all at once, by individual tasks, or by particular windows. You
can also the settings that are used for optimizer statistics gathering and the job
control parameters for the automatic SQL Tuning Advisor.
Select the window name to view or edit the window schedule.
Click Edit Window Group to add and remove windows in the window group.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 23

 Server-Generated Alerts
Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibitedฺ Copyright© 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliatesฺ

Enterprise Manager

Server
alerts s a
queue. a
)h ฺ
Oracle m
instance
a i l ฺco uide
Metric exceeds
g m ent G
threshold.
e d@ Stud
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ฺ m s
r a cle to u
b (o ense
a za le
Copyright licOracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
© 2014,

m ed rab
o
Alerts are
a nsfeof when a database is in an undesirable state and needs your
hnotifications
m -default,
attention. By
n tra the Oracle Database server provides alerts via Enterprise Manager.
no Enterprise Manager can be configured to send an email message to the
Optionally,
administrator about problem conditions as well as display alert information on the console.
You can also set thresholds on many of the pertinent metrics for your system. Oracle
Database proactively notifies you if the database deviates sufficiently from normal readings to
reach those thresholds. An early notification of potential problems enables you to respond
quickly and, in many cases, resolve issues before users even notice them.
Approximately, 60 metrics are monitored by default, among which are:
• Broken
B k Job J bC Countt
• Database Time Spent Waiting (%)
• Dump Area Used (%)
• SQL Response Time (%) compared to baseline
• Tablespace Used (%)
• Generic Incident
A few additional key metrics can provide early problem notification:
• Average File Read Time (centiseconds)
• Response Time (per transaction)
• Wait Time (%)

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 24

 Setting Metrics Thresholds
Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibitedฺ Copyright© 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliatesฺ

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hthe s f er
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To access
r a n and Collection Settings page, expand the Oracle Database menu and
t
n-and Collection Settings from the Monitoring submenu.
select Metric
n o
Enter your desired warning and critical threshold values for the metric. The appropriate alerts
appear when the database reaches your specified values.
The thresholds that are already set appear in the “Metrics with thresholds” list. By default,
approximately 60 metrics have preset thresholds; you may change these as needed. The “All
metrics” list shows the metrics that do not have thresholds set.
Click the Edit icon to access a page where you can specify additional corrective actions for
either warning or critical thresholds.
Click a Collection Schedule link to change the scheduled collection interval. Be aware that
each schedule affects a group of metrics.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 25

 Reacting to Alerts

• If necessary, you should gather more input (for example,

Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibitedฺ Copyright© 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliatesฺ

by running ADDM or another advisor).

• Investigate critical errors.
• Take corrective measures.
measures
• Acknowledge alerts that are not automatically cleared.

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When you
r a follow the recommendations that it provides. Or you can consider
t
- (or another advisor as appropriate) to obtain more detailed diagnostics of
running thenADDM
systemnoroobject behavior.
Alerts and incidents are generated for critical errors. Critical errors usually generate incidents
that are collected into problems. You use the Support Workbench to investigate and possibly
report the problem to Oracle Support.
Most alerts (such as “Out of Space”) are cleared automatically when the cause of the problem
disappears. However, other alerts (such as Generic Alert Log Error) are sent to you for
notification and must be acknowledged by you. After taking the necessary corrective
measures, you acknowledge
k l d an alert
l tb
by clearing
l i or purging i itit. Cl
Clearing
i an alert
l t sends
d th
the
alert to the Alert History, which is accessible from the Monitoring submenu. Purging an alert
removes it from the Alert History.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 26

 Alert Types and Clearing Alerts

Metric based
Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibitedฺ Copyright© 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliatesฺ

Threshold 97% Critical Cleared

(stateful)
alerts 85% Warning Cleared

MMON

DBA_OUTSTANDING_ALERTS DBA_ALERT_HISTORY

Resumable Recovery Area ha sa

Snapshot
S h t On om
) ฺ
Session L
Low O
ฺ c i d e
Too Old Suspended Free a il
Space Gu
Nonthreshold g m ent
(stateless)
e d@ Stud
alerts
Alert o h am this
l e m based
ฺEvent u se
o r ac se to
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a a
z le
Copyright licOracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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m ed rab
o
There are
a kinds
htwo n sof
feserver-generated alerts: threshold and nonthreshold.
m -tra
n o n
Most server-generated alerts are configured by setting a warning and critical threshold values
on database metrics. You can define thresholds for more than 120 metrics, including the
following:
• Physical Reads Per Sec
• User Commits Per Sec
• SQL Service Response Time
Except for the Tablespace Space Usage metric, which is database related, the other metrics
are instance related
related. Threshold alerts are also referred to as stateful alerts
alerts, which are
automatically cleared when an alert condition clears. Stateful alerts appear in
DBA_OUTSTANDING_ALERTS and, when cleared, go to DBA_ALERT_HISTORY.
Other server-generated alerts correspond to specific database events, such as ORA-* errors,
“Snapshot too old” errors, Recovery Area Low On Free Space, and Resumable Session
Suspended. These are non-threshold-based alerts, also referred to as stateless alerts.
Stateless alerts go directly to the history table.

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 27

 Quiz

Stateless alerts, such as SNAPSHOT TOO OLD can be found in

Unauthorized reproduction or distribution prohibitedฺ Copyright© 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliatesฺ

the dictionary view DBA_OUTSTANDING_ALERTS.

a. True
b False
b.

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Answer:
m b -tra
non

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 28

 Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

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• Manage the Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)

• Use the Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM)
• Describe and use the advisory framework
• Set alert thresholds
• Use server-generated alerts
• Use automated tasks a
h a s
m ) ฺ
ฺ c o i d e
m ail t Gu
@ g den
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non

Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 29

 Practice: Overview

This practice covers proactively managing your database with

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ADDM, including:
• Setting up an issue for analysis
• Reviewing your database performance
• Implementing a solution

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Oracle Database 12c: Administration Workshop 17 - 30