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Basic Measurement & Work

1) The document provides information on basic measurements, conversions, area calculations, volume calculations, discharge rates, and damp proofing materials used in construction. 2) It also includes turnout quantities for various construction tasks, types of estimates used in construction, and defines different types of areas like plinth area, floor area, and carpet area. 3) Technical details are given on the department structure in construction organizations, typical cost breakdown percentages for items like departmental charges, contractor charges, labor, and electrification.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
124 views7 pages

Basic Measurement & Work

1) The document provides information on basic measurements, conversions, area calculations, volume calculations, discharge rates, and damp proofing materials used in construction. 2) It also includes turnout quantities for various construction tasks, types of estimates used in construction, and defines different types of areas like plinth area, floor area, and carpet area. 3) Technical details are given on the department structure in construction organizations, typical cost breakdown percentages for items like departmental charges, contractor charges, labor, and electrification.

Uploaded by

AKY
Copyright
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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84 Civil Booster (Civil Ki Goli Publication 9255624029)

Basic Measurement
& Work 1
Basic Conversion
(Length)
1 meter = 3.281 ft; 1ft = 0.3048 m
1 km = 0.622 mile; 1mile = 1.6093 km
1cm = 0.394 in; 1 inch = 2.54 cm
1 mm = 1000  (micron) 1micron () = 10-6m
(Area)
1m2 = 10.761 ft2; 1ft2 = 0.0929 m2
1 km2 = 106 m2 = 100ha;
1 ha = 104m2 = 2.47 acres; 1 acre = 4840sq yards = 0.4047ha
(Volume and Discharge)
3 3
1m = 35.307 ft ; 1ft2 = 0.028232m3
1cumec = 35.307cusecs; 1cusec = 0.02832 cumec
1ha.m = 8.13 acre ft;
1m3 = 1000litres (L) 1gallon = 4.546 litres
 The first stage of construction is the initiation of the proposal
Description Unit
Earthwork, Stone/Brick Work, Wood Work/Sunshade m3
Surface/Shallow Excavation, shutter, panal, batten m2
Pointing, Soling, DPC, Plastering, door, window m2
Steel/Iron Work kg/Quintel
Dressing of stone/Half Brick wall/partition wall m2
Painting Work/Distemper/Colour Washing/Jali Work m2
 Cornice (unit running meter), Cleaning & fixing Glass panel – No.
 Cutting of tree - No., Lime concrete in Jefferies of roof terracing-(m2).
Damp Proofing: Damp proofing in construction is a type of moisture
control technique applied to building walls, floors ans rods to prevent mois-
ture from passing into the interior space by using damp proofing materials.
Estimation-Costing 85

Damp Proofing Materials:


1. Flexible material like butyl rubber, hot bitumen, plastic sheets etc.
2. Semirigid materials like mastic asphalt.
3. Rigid materials, like impervious bricsk stones, states, cement morter, or
cement concrete painted with bitumen.
Special Points:
1. Flexible material used for damp proofing is bitumen sheeting
2. In building construction the place for providing damp-proof course is at
plinth level
3. The maximum size of the aggregate used in a damp proof course is
about 10 mm
4. The most commonly used damp proofing material is bitumen
Binding wire (Steel work) - Binding wire required for (1000 kg) of
reinfrocement = 9 to 3 kg (depending upon diameter of bar). Greater the
diameter of bar, lesser will be the weight of binding wire required.
Note:
(i) Order of Booking the Dimension in MB = L, B, H
(ii) If depth of excavation < 30 cm, surface excavation (unit m2)
(iii) In Earthwork, Lead & Lift is 30 m & 1.5 m respectively.
(iv) Surface dressing up to 15 cm depth and surface excavation up to 30
cm depth measurements for payments is in the square meter
(v) The maximum depth of borrow pit and horizontal distance between
two borrow pits is 30 to 60cm. and 5m
(vi) Number of Bricks using flat soling & edge soling (using conventional
brick) 38 & 56 respectively.
(vii) For doors & window, we use 6 & 4 hold fast respectively.
(viii) Truck: No. of bricks = 4000, volume of sand = 3-5 m3 (generally)
(ix) In steel roof truss about 5% of steel volume is provided for Rivets &
Bolts.
 Formula for weight of steel bar per meter length = (d2/162) kg.

Degree of Accuracy
Wood Work: 2mm, Weight – 1 kg
length – 1 cm, Area – 0.01 m2, Volume – 0.01 m3
Estimation-Costing 91

Estimation and
Area Types 3
Schedule of Rate: It is the document which contain current price details
per unit area excluding quantity of Material.
 If the distance between construction site and source of material is more
than 8 km (5 mile), then Transportation charge should be consider.

Work Classification (On Cost Basis)

Major Work Minor Work Petty Work


(> 2 Lakh) (50 K – 2 lakh) (Upto 50 k)

Over Head Cost


It is indirect cost of a project or It is the cost which is not a part of Regular
cost.

General Overhead Cost Job Overhead Cost


Telephone Bill Salary Delay
Travelling charges Establishment of a New Office
Printing, Post office Compensation
Turn Out: Task Work
It is the amount of work Done by a skill person in a day.

Description Quantity
Work in foundation with Mud Mortar 1.5 m3
Work in foundation with Lime/Cement Mortar 1.25 m2
Work in Superstructure with Mortar 1 m3
Work in Superstructure mud Mortar 1.25 m3
92 Civil Booster (Civil Ki Goli Publication 9255624029)

Distemper (1 coat) 35 m2
White Washing/Colour Washing (3 Coat) 70 m2
White Washing/Colour Washing (1 Coat) 200 m2
RCC Work 3m3
Half Brick wall/Partition Wall 5 m2
Lime concrete in Roof 6 m2
Lime Concrete in foundation/Floring 8.9 m2
12 mm Plastering with cement/Lime Mortar 8 m2
Special points:
 No. of brick used in a Truck – 4000.
 Volume of sand carried by a Truck – (3 – 5) m3.
 The quantity of dry distemper required for a single coat over area of
100 m2 is 6.5 kg
 1 cu. ft. water is equal to 28.31 liter

Types of Estimate
(a) Rough estimate/Abstract estimate
(b) Plinth area estimate
(c) Cube rate estimate
(d) Detailed estimate.
Special point: Degree of Accuracy (descreasing order)
Detailed > Cube rate > Plinth area > Rough estimate
(e) Revise estimate: Estimate is revised If
(i) If variation in total cost of a project is more than 5% of total
estimate.
(ii) If variation in cost of a particular work is more than 10% of total
estimate.

Area

Plinth area Floor area

Circulation area Carpet area

Vertical circulation area


Horizontal circulation area
Estimation-Costing 93

Types of Area
1. Plinth Area: It is the built-up Covered area of a building at floor level of
a story.
 Courtyard, play ground, unclosed Balcony, cantilever porch, lift (area
> 2m2) is not included in plinth area.
2. Floor area:
F.A. = Plinth area – area occupied by walls/Intermediate supports

Area of all floor


F.A. ratio = Area of total plot 100

 Area of Balcony included upto 50% in the floor area.


 The plinth area as compared to floor area is more than 30% to 40%
Circulation Area

Horizontal Vertical
(Varandaha, Passes 10-15% of P.A.) (Staircase, Lift 4-5% of P.A)

Carpet Area: Useable area/Living area


C.A. = Total floor area – (circulation area + Non-useable area)
 C.A. in residential area (50 – 65)% and in commercial area (60 – 75)%.
Special points:
1. Orientation of building means fixing the direction of building for
maximum benefit from nature
2. In a residential building, kitchen is most preferred on the corner of the
building in S-E direction
3. Bedroms are recommended in north-west and south-west direction
while planning a residential building because of to get plentiful of breeze
during summer

1
4. Minimum window area in any habitable rooms will be 10% or of
8
the total room area
94 Civil Booster (Civil Ki Goli Publication 9255624029)

Technical Section
(a) Chief Engineer is the Administrative Head of the Department and
directly responsible to Govt of India.
(b) Each circle is Headed by Super Intending Engineer (In CPWD, It is
also called Surveyor Engineer).

Work % of Estimate
Departmental charges (centage charge) (10 – 15)
Contractor charge 10
Labour Charge 25
Electrification 8
Electric fan 4
Saniatory and Water Supply Charge 8
Contigences Charges (3 – 5)
Work Charge Establishment (1.5 – 2)
Tools and Plants (1 - 1.5)
Special Points: Only for Water Charges 1.5%
Activity Percentage Cost Break-Up(Labour)
RCC 37%
Brick work & Plaster 21%
POP 7%
Tiling 12%
Plumbing & Sanitation 3%
Doors 1%
Water Proofing 3%
Painting 8%
Electrical 8%

TOTAL 100%

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