CLUTCHES

By,
SANDEEP JALADHI
14955A0308
MECH IIIA
 CLUTCHES

INTRODUCTION:
 A Clutch is a device which is used to connect or
disconnect the source of power from the remaining
parts so the power transmission system at the will of
the operator. The flow of mechanical power is
controlled by the clutch
 TYPES OF CLUTCHES
According to the method of transmitting torque:
1. Positive clutch (Dog clutch)
2. Friction clutch
• Cone clutch
• Single plate clutch
• Multi-plate clutch
• Diaphragm clutch
3. Hydraulic clutch
• Fluid coupling
• Hydraulic torque converter
According to the method of engaging force
1. Spring types clutch
2. Centrifugal clutch
3. Semi-centrifugal clutch
4. Electro-magnetic clutch
According to the method of control
Automatic clutch
Manual clutch
 According To The
Method Of
Transmitting Torque
 1) Positive clutch (Dog clutch)

The engaging clutch surfaces interlock to

produce rigid joint they are suitable for situations
requiring simple and rapid disconnection, although
they must be connected while shafts are stationery
and unloaded, the engaging surfaces are usually of
jaw type.
 2) Friction Clutch
In this type of clutches, friction force is used to
engage and disengage the clutch. A friction plate is
inserted between the driving member and the driven
member of clutch. When the driver releases the clutch
pedal, the driven member and driving member of
clutch, comes in contact with each other. A friction
force works between these two parts
 (a) Cone Clutch
It is a friction type of clutch. As the name, this
type of clutch consist a cone mounted on the
driven member
 (b) Single Plate Clutch
• In the single plate clutch a flywheel is fixed to the
engine shaft and a pressure plate is attached to
the gear box shaft
• A friction plate is situated between the flywheel
and pressure plate
 C.) Multi-Plate Clutch
• Multi-plate clutch is same as the single plate clutch but there
is two or more clutch plates are inserted between the
flywheel and pressure plate. This clutch is compact then single
plate clutch for same transmission of torque.
 D.) Diaphragm Clutch
• This clutch is similar to the single plate clutch except
diaphragm spring is used instead of coil springs for exert
pressure on the pressure plate . In the coil springs, one big
problem occur that these springs do not distribute the spring
force uniformly. To eliminate this problem, diaphragm springs
are used into clutches. This clutch is known as diaphragm
clutch.
 3. Hydraulic clutch
• This clutch uses hydraulic fluid to transmit the
torque. According to their design, this clutch
is subdivided into two types.
 A.) Fluid coupling:
It is a hydraulic unit that replaces a clutch in a semi or fully
automatic clutch. In this type of clutch there is no mechanical connection
between driving member and driven member. A pump impeller is blotted
on a driving member and a turbine runner is bolted on the driven
member. Both the above unit is enclosed into single housing filled with a
liquid. This liquid serve as the torque transmitter form the impeller to the
turbine. When the driving member starts rotating then the impeller also
rotates and through the liquid outward by centrifugal action. This liquid
then enters the turbine runner and exerts a force on the runner blade.
This make the runner as well as the driven member rotate. The liquid
from the runner then flows back into the pump impeller, thus complete
the circuit. It is not possible to disconnect to the driving member to the
driven member when the engine is running. So the fluid coupling is not
suitable for ordinary gear box. It is used with automatic or semi-automatic
gear box.
 B). Hydraulic torque converter
• Hydraulic torque converter is same as the electric
transformer. The main purpose of the torque converter is to
engage the driving member to driven member and increase
the torque of driven member. In the torque converter, an
impeller is bolted on the driving member, a turbine is bolted
on the driven member and a stationary guide vanes are
placed between these two members. This all parts are
enclosed into single housing which filled with hydraulic
liquid. The impeller rotates with the driven member and it
through the liquid outward by centrifugal action. This liquid
flowing from the impeller to turbine runner exerts a torque
on the stationary guide vanes which change the direction of
liquid, thereby making possible the transformation of torque
and speed. The difference of torque between impeller and
turbine depends upon these stationary guide vanes.
The hydraulic torque converter is serve
the function of clutch as well as the automatic gear box.
 According To The
Method Of Engaging
Force
 1. Spring types clutch
• In this type of clutches, helical or diaphragm
springs are used to exert a pressure force on
the pressure plate to engage the clutch. These
springs are situated between pressure plate and
the cover. These springs are inserted into
compact position into the clutch. So when it is
free to move between these two members, it
tends to expand. So it exert a pressure force on
the pressure plate thus it brings the clutch in
engage position.
 2. Centrifugal Clutch
• As the name in the centrifugal clutch, centrifugal
force is used to engage the clutch. This type of
clutch does not require any clutch pedal for
operating the clutch. The clutch is operated
automatically depending upon engine speed. It
consist a weight pivoted on the fix member of
clutch. When the engine speed increase the
weight fly of due to the centrifugal force,
operating the bell crank lever, which press the
pressure plate. This makes the clutch engage.
 3. Electro-magnetic clutch:
• In the electromagnetic clutch electro-magnate is
used to exert a pressure force on pressure plate
to make the clutch engage. In this type of clutch,
the driving plate or the driven plate is attached to
the electric coil. When the electricity is provide
into these coils then the plate work as the
magnate and it attract another plate. So both
plates join when the electricity provides and the
clutch is in engage position. When the driver cut
the electricity, this attraction force disappear, and
the clutch is in disengage position.
According To The
Method Of
Control
 1. Manual clutch
• In this type, clutch is operate manually by the
driven when he need or when shifting the
gear. This types of clutch uses some
mechanical, hydraulically or
electrical mechanism to operate the clutch. All
friction clutches are include in it.
 2. Automatic clutch
• This type of clutch used in modern vehicle.
This clutch has self operated
mechanism which control the clutch when the
vehicle need. Centrifugal
clutch, hydraulic torque converter and fluid
coupling includes in it. This type of clutches is
always used with the
automatic transmission box.