CHAPTER 1

CLOUD COMPUTING INTRODUCTION

Cloud computing refers to the means that enables us to access, create, compose,
and customize applications online over the internet.
WHAT IS CLOUD?
Cloud is a technical term that refers to a Network (Internet). Cloud is present at
distant location. It can provide services over public networks or
on private networks, like WAN, LAN or VPN. Services like e-
mail, internet conferencing, client relationship management, all are executed in
cloud.

WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING?

Cloud Computing means to manipulate, configure, and access the applications
online like online data storage, base framework and application.
There’s no need not to install any software on our local PC because cloud
computing overcomes the problem of platform dependency. Hence, it is due to the
Cloud Computing that business and mobile services are able to collaborate.
There are certain backend services working in order to make the cloud computing
accessible and feasible to the front end users.
Following are the working models for cloud computing:
 Deployment Models
 Service Models

DEPLOYMENT MODELS
Deployment models are the type of access to the cloud, i.e., how the cloud is
located?
Cloud has four types of access: Public, Private, Hybrid and Community.
PUBLICCLOUD
It’s a cloud computing model in which a third party provider makes compute
resources available to the general public via the internet. With this, the enterprises
do not have to set up and maintain their own cloud in the house.
It’s a multi-tenant architecture and has a pay-as-you-go pricing model.
Example: Amazon web services, Google cloud Platform and Microsoft Azure.
PRIVATECLOUD
It’s a cloud computing model in which an enterprise uses a proprietary architecture
and runs cloud servers within its own data centre. It has a single tenant
architecture, on-premises hardware and direct control of the underlying cloud
infrastructure.
Example: VMWare, DELL EMC, Red hat
C O MM UN I T Y C L O U D
The Community Cloud computing allows all the systems and services to be
accessible by a group of organizations.
HYBRIDCLOUD
The Hybrid Cloud is mixture of public and private cloud. It includes a mix of on-
premises, private cloud and third party public cloud services with arrangement
between the two phases. It has cloud bursting capabilities.
Example: Vaulten organization.

SERVICE MODELS
Service Models are defined as the reference models on which the Cloud
Computing is based on.
These are categorized into three models:
1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3. Software as a Service (SaaS)
There are other service models which take the form like XaaS, i.e., anything as a
Service. This is a Network as a Service, Business as a Service, Identity as a
Service, Database as a Service or Strategy as a Service.
The Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is the basic level of service. Each service
model makes use of this underlying service model, i.e., each inherits the security
and management mechanism from the underlying model.
INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IAAS)
It gives the business access to vital web architecture, like storage space, servers
and connections, without the need of the business purchasing them and managing
the internet services themselves. Example: Amazon EC2, Rackspace

PLATFORM AS A SERVICE (PAAS)

In this the clouds are created many times inside the IaaS clouds by the specialists
to render the scalability and deployment of any application trivial and to help make
your expenses scalable and predictable.
Example: Google app engine, force.com
SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE (SAAS)
It allows the cloud to be leveraged for software architecture, reducing the burdens
of maintenance, support and operations by having the application run on computers
belonging to the vendors.
Example: Gmail, Salesforce

TECHNOLOGIES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

There are some technologies that are in the back end making cloud computing
flexible, reliable, usable.
These technologies are:
 Virtualization
 Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
 Grid Computing
 Utility Computing

VIRTUALIZATION
Virtualization allows to share single physical detail of an application or resource
among various organizations or customers. It is done by assigning a logical name
to a physical resource and then by providing a pointer to that physical resource
when needed.
The Multitenant architecture offers implicit segregation among the multiple tenants
and therefore the organizations and customers can use and personalize the
application as if each of them have its own instance running.

SEERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE (SOA)

Service-Oriented Architecture uses applications as a service for other resources
independent of the type of dealer, product or technology. It is possible to exchange
the data between applications of various dealers without any added programming
or making changes to services.

GRID COMPUTING
It is the distributed computing in which a cluster of computers from various distant
locations are connected with one another to achieve some common aim. These
resources are different and geographically varied. Grid Computing breaks down
the complex task into smaller chunks. These smaller chunks are distributed to
CPUs that reside within the grid.

UTILITY COMPUTING
It offers computational services on demand as a calculated service. Cloud
computing, grid computing, and managed IT services based on the concept of
Utility computing. It is based on pay-per-use model.
CHAPTER 2
THE ROLE OF CLOUD COMPUTING IN
THE IOT 
The IoT is an enabler for change .It refers to the connection of devices like Cars,
kitchen appliances and other sensors to the internet that can be connected through
the IoT. The systems and devices are automated in a feasible, intelligent manner in
a real-time control. With all the relevant information available provides the ability
to aggregate and improvise this data in a manner that results in a more effective
and efficient decision making. Take smart homing for example. People can start
their air conditioners from a distant place through their mobile phones. This earlier
used to be possible via an SMS, but today the internet has made it easier.

The IoT generates a large supply of Big Data and this results in massive strain on
the Internet Infrastructure. As a result of which, this compels the organizations to
look for alternate solutions to minimize this pressure of transferring large amounts
of data. 

Cloud computing has entered the mainstream of information technology, by

providing scalability in the service of venture applications and Software as a
Service (SaaS). Companies are now storing their information to the cloud. Many
cloud providers allow the data to be either transferred through the usual internet
connection or a dedicated direct network. The benefit of a direct link into the cloud
will make sure that the information is uncontended and the traffic is not
overpassing the internet and the Quality of Service can be controlled. 
HOW CLOUD COMPUTING COMPLEMENTS IOT  

Cloud computing and the IoT both aims to boost efficiency in everyday tasks.  The
IoT generates huge amounts of data, and cloud computing provides a pathway for
this data to travel and reach the desired destination. 

Cloud providers usually charge on a basis, according to which we only pay for the
computer services that we use and nothing more. Economies of scale is a way in
which the cloud providers benefit the smaller IoT start-ups by reducing the all over
costs to IoT companies. 

Another benefit of Cloud Computing for the IoT is that Cloud Computing enables
better collusion essential for developers nowadays. By allowing them to store and
access information remotely, developers can access the data instantly and work on
projects without any stoppage.

Finally by storing data in the Cloud, the IoT companies can change the resources
directly quickly and assign the resources to various areas. Big Data has developed
with such emergence that the cloud has become the architecture of choice. Most
companies are opting to access the huge quantities of Big Data through the cloud. 

WHY IS THE CLOUD ESSENTIAL TO THE SUCCESS OF IOT?

The cloud computing is based on the assumption of speed and scale whereas the
IoT applications are based on the principle of maneuverability and a broad
networking. So, it is necessary that both cloud and IoT form cloud-based IoT
applications to make the most out of their collaboration. This alliance has led to the
popularity of IoT.
Here are a few reasons why the cloud is important from the point of view of IoT.

1. It Provides a distant processing power technology

Cloud enables the IoT to go beyond the usual basic appliances such as air
conditioners, refrigerators etc. This has become possible because the cloud has a
vast storage that takes away dependencies on an on-premise architecture. With the
advent of 4G and higher internet speeds, the cloud allows the users to advance the
fast computing processes.

2. It Provides security and privacy

IoT’s ability would be incomplete without security and Cloud has made IoT more
secure with preventive, detective and corrective control measures. Users are
enabled with very strong security measures by effective authentication and
encryption protocols. Managing and securing the identity of users is possible with
the help of biometric techniques. All of this is achievable because of cloud’s
security measures.

3. It Removes entry barriers for hosting providers

Many modernizations in the area of IoT are aiming at plug-and-play hosting
services. So, the cloud is a perfect option for IoT. Hosting providers do not have to
depend on massive equipment or hardware that will not support the quickness that
the IoT devices will need. With cloud, most hosting providers allow their clients a
ready-to-roll model by eliminating any entry barriers for them.

4. It aids inter-device communication

Cloud acts as a link in the form of a mediator when it comes to IoT. Many APIs
like Cloudflare, CloudCache and Dropstr are empowered by cloud
communications by allowing easy bridging to smartphones and other devices. This
enables the devices to talk to each other and not just the users, which essentially is
the basis of the IoT cloud.
Cloud can advance the growth of IoT. However, redistributing cloud technology
also has certain shortcomings. The combination of IoT cloud can burden users with
strains.

CHALLENGES POSED BY CLOUD AND IOT TOGETHER?

1. Handling a large amount of data

Handling a huge amount of data can be astounding when there are many devices to
be taken care of. This is possible because the overall performance of applications is
at post. Therefore, following the No SQL movement could be better, but for now it
is not tried and tested for the future. Which is why there exists no method for the
cloud to manage big data.

2. Networking and communication protocols

Cloud and IoT comprises of machine-to-machine interactions among various types
of devices with various protocols. Managing this is difficult as a major number of
application fields do not involve mobility. Now, WiFi and Bluetooth are used as a
solution to facilitate mobility to an extent.

3. Sensor networks
Sensor networks have intensified the advantages of IoT. These networks have
allowed users to measure, receive and understand the minute indicators from the
environment. The timely processing of this data is a challenge because no matter
that the cloud provides a new convenience in collecting the data it also blocks the
progress because of security and privacy issues.

The integration of cloud computing and IoT signifies a next huge step in the world
of internet. New applications are coming from this integration which is known as
the IoT Cloud and it is opening newer channels for business and research. This
combination is soon expected to reveal a new example for the future of multi-
networking and an open service platform for users.

IoT and cloud computing for Future Internet

The greater usage of the IoT in cloud has aggravated the improvement and

deployment of scalable applications and models. The cloud computing and IoT are
closely related to the future internet technologies with one paving a way for
success for the other.
CHAPTER 3
APPLICATIONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING IN
IOT
The Benefits and Real-Life Cases for Cloud Computing in IoT
The main motive of cloud computing is to distribute data handling. This results in a
number of applications.

1. Increased Data Security

IoT solutions are a perfect target for cyber attacks, so cloud computing helps to
secure the networks and improve the overall data privacy.
Because the data is distributed among the devices where it is produced, it's difficult
to take the control of the whole network or bargain all of the data in a single go.
This approach is: the less sensitive the information is sent through the network and
stored in the cloud, the better it is.

2. Better App Performance

It takes some time for the data and information to travel between the device and the
cloud.
By storing and retrieving the data close to its source, the latency and improve the
overall app result. So the data analysis can be done in real-time, without any lag.

3. Reduced Operational Costs

When the data is stored and processed the unnecessary information can be filtered
out and only the relevant data is backed up.
So, the infrastructure costs go down.

4. Improved Business Efficiency and Reliability

Less data traffic and reduced cloud storage, leads to more efficient operations.
Moreover, the connection issues won't be very problematic as they are for other
IoT products that are dependent on the cloud. This is due to the fact that the
devices can work individually, without an Internet connection.

5. Unlimited Scalability
Cloud computing allows to scale the IoT network as needed, without reference to
the available storage (or its costs).